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Algorithm for therapeutic management of acute heart failure
Algorithm for therapeutic management of acute heart failure

... This is a paradox. Indeed, the most frequent AHFS clinical scenario includes patients with high systolic blood pressure. Although edema is present in the lungs, those patients are often normo- or even hypovolemic. As increasingly described, AHFS associated to high blood pressure is mostly seen in fe ...
1. Which statement is true in relation to the prevalence of heart
1. Which statement is true in relation to the prevalence of heart

... 1. Which statement is true in relation to the prevalence of heart failure. Choose it! a. The prevalence of heart failure in the adult population is between 1-2 % and shows a downward trend. b. The prevalence of heart failure in the adult population is between 4-5 % and shows an upward trend. a. The ...
Heart block simplified
Heart block simplified

... activity). Instead, both rhythms coexist each at a different, but regular, rate. The atrial rate tends to be faster than the QRS rate. The QRS complexes present in the example are broad. They are therefore likely to originate from lower down in the bundle of His. This slower rhythm can originate fro ...
Systolic heart failure
Systolic heart failure

... Cell swells and ruptures. Cell contents spill out. ...
electrocardiogram (ecg)
electrocardiogram (ecg)

... If current is flowing towards the recording electrode, we get upward deflection. If current is flowing away from the recording electrode, we get downward deflection. ...
Congestive Heart Failure and CAD
Congestive Heart Failure and CAD

... • Unable to carry out any physical activity without discomfort. Symptoms of cardiac insufficiency at rest. If any physical activity is undertaken, discomfort is increased. ...
Heart Failure as a Multiple Hormonal Deficiency Syndrome
Heart Failure as a Multiple Hormonal Deficiency Syndrome

... possibility of lactic acidosis. The FDA’s stance has recently changed from contraindication to a black-box warning. Glucagon-like peptide-1 is a novel antidiabetic agent that stimulates GLUT1 translocation and myocardial glucose uptake.33 A 5-week infusion of glucagon-like peptide-1 in HF patients w ...
Country cardiograms case 54 - Society of Rural Physicians of Canada
Country cardiograms case 54 - Society of Rural Physicians of Canada

... includes arthritis and neurologic dysfunction, often months to years after the initial rash.8,9 The diagnosis is suspected based on the clinical presentation, supported by positive serology on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed through a Western blot analysis.8 About 4–10% of patients w ...
Heart Failure as a Multiple Hormonal Deficiency Syndrome
Heart Failure as a Multiple Hormonal Deficiency Syndrome

... possibility of lactic acidosis. The FDA’s stance has recently changed from contraindication to a black-box warning. Glucagon-like peptide-1 is a novel antidiabetic agent that stimulates GLUT1 translocation and myocardial glucose uptake.33 A 5-week infusion of glucagon-like peptide-1 in HF patients w ...
Slide () - AccessAnesthesiology
Slide () - AccessAnesthesiology

... A. The cardiac function curve relates right atrial pressure (Pra) or end-diastolic pressure (EDP; abscissa) to cardiac output (ordinate). As EDP increases, cardiac output increases; however, at high EDPs, further increases cause less increase in cardiac output. B. The relation between EDP (Pra, absc ...
The Effect of Cardiac Resynchronization on Morbidity and
The Effect of Cardiac Resynchronization on Morbidity and

... espite improvements in pharmacologic treatment, many patients with heart failure have severe and persistent symptoms, and their prognosis remains poor.1,2 Such patients commonly have regions of delayed myocardial activation and contraction, leading to cardiac dyssynchrony. In a series of trials last ...
Let`s Talk About: Atrial Fibrillation
Let`s Talk About: Atrial Fibrillation

... occurring. Occasionally, some patients will require a controlled electric shock to the heart (called direct current cardioversion) to restore a normal rhythm. In some cases, if medications fail or are not well tolerated, your doctor may refer you to a specialist, who will decide if you are a candida ...
Functional Class IIand III Congestive Heart Failure
Functional Class IIand III Congestive Heart Failure

... cardiomyopathies, whereas no benefit was observed in another study where heart failure was mainly due to Ischemic cardiomyopathies [31]. In another study, Amiodarone increased the left ventricular ejection fraction by 42 percent at two years [32], confirming the results of previous studies [33]. The ...
Pediatric Cardiovascular Assessment
Pediatric Cardiovascular Assessment

... Blood flows from the high pressure LA to the lower pressure RA Increased flow of oxygenated blood to the right side Cardiac failure is unusual Mortality is less than 1% ...
Bridge to Recovery and Myocardial Cell€Division
Bridge to Recovery and Myocardial Cell€Division

... Centre, Magdi Yacoub Foundation, Cairo, Egypt; and the Qatar Cardiovascular Research Center, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar. Dr. Yacoub has reported that he has no relationships relevant to the contents of this ...
Perioperative Management of Cardiac Failure
Perioperative Management of Cardiac Failure

... approach to treating refractory cardiogenic shock, specifically during surgery. Perioperatively, severe hypotension is often encountered; and may not be able to be treated by one of the other new options and which is marked by significant perioperative mortality. ...
THORAX 4
THORAX 4

Lab. No 12
Lab. No 12

... 1. The blood supply to the myocardium is the coronary circulation; everything else is called the systemic circuit. 2. There are no valves at the point where venous blood flows into the atria. 3. No blood can enter the ventricles until the atria contract. 4. The vagus nerves reduce the heart rate but ...
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract tachycardia – Recognition and
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract tachycardia – Recognition and

... morphology of the ECG and using it to localise the site of origin as the ECG is obtained from electrodes sampling in this attitudinal position. An in-depth description of the attitudinal relations of the RVOT and surrounding structures can be found in the clinical review by Hutchinson and Garcia (re ...
sodium bicarbonate - ACT Emergency Services Agency
sodium bicarbonate - ACT Emergency Services Agency

... ADVERSE EFFECTS: 1. Metabolic alkalosis 2. High sodium content may lead to fluid overload and cardiac failure 3. Interacts with some other drugs (especially calcium and adrenaline):  always flush well through the line before and after administration  consider a second line CONTRAINDICATION: ...
Drugs affecting the cardiovascular System
Drugs affecting the cardiovascular System

... DRUGS AFFECTING THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ...
About Potassium, and Relaxing about Its Lowness
About Potassium, and Relaxing about Its Lowness

... acidosis in settings such as diabetic ketoacidosis, or type I or II renal tubular acidosis. vii The effects of hypokalemia are well known, and include muscle weakness/paralyis, which is usually only seen when K+ values fall to less than 2.5 mEq/L,viii and cardiac abnormalities. Cardiac abnormalities ...
Congestive Heart failure is the end result of many cardiac diseases
Congestive Heart failure is the end result of many cardiac diseases

... blood clots forming in the heart chambers due to the blood not flowing properly through the heart. The clot (called a 'thrombus') attaches to the walls of the heart, but can break loose and be carried out of the heart in the blood flow, blocking small arteries and restricting blood flow to an area o ...
Observer Extra: Post -Myocardial Infarction
Observer Extra: Post -Myocardial Infarction

... medication regimens, and coping with significant psychological after-effects. These changes are important in order to prevent subsequent events including death, reinfarction, and rehospitalization as well as minimize left ventricular (LV) remodeling and prevent arrhythmias and progression to heart f ...
Artificial Hearts: Going Beyond Human Evolution
Artificial Hearts: Going Beyond Human Evolution

... • Big and bulky. Mechanical pumping is hard to pull off. • Requires a lot of equipment. ...
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Cardiac contractility modulation



Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is a treatment for patients with moderate to severe left ventricular systolic heart failure (NYHA class II–IV). The short- and long-term use of this therapy enhances both the strength of ventricular contraction and the heart’s pumping capacity. The CCM mechanism is based on stimulation of the cardiac muscle by non-excitatory electrical signals (NES). CCM treatment is delivered by a pacemaker-like device that applies the NES, adjusted to and synchronized with the electrical action in the cardiac cycle.In CCM therapy, electrical stimulation is applied to the cardiac muscle during the absolute refractory period. In this phase of the cardiac cycle, electrical signals cannot trigger new cardiac muscle contractions, hence this type of stimulation is known as a non-excitatory stimulation. However, the electrical CCM signals increase the influx of calcium ions into the cardiac muscle cells (cardiomyocytes). In contrast to other electrical stimulation treatments for heart failure, such as pacemaker therapy or implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD), CCM does not affect the cardiac rhythm directly. Rather, the aim is to enhance the heart’s natural contraction (the native cardiac contractility) sustainably over long periods of time. Furthermore, unlike most interventions that increase cardiac contractility, CCM is not associated with an unfavorable increase in oxygen demand by the heart (measured in terms of Myocardial Oxygen Consumption or MVO2). This may be explained by the beneficial effect CCM has in improving cardiac efficiency. A meta-analysis in 2014 and an overview of device-based treatment options in heart failure in 2013 concluded that CCM treatment is safe, that it is generally beneficial to patients and that CCM treatment increases the exercise tolerance (ET) and quality of life (QoL) of patients. Furthermore, preliminary long-term survival data shows that CCM is associated with lower long-term mortality in heart failure patients when compared with expected rates among similar patients not treated with CCM.
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