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Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Cardiac Sarcoidosis

... transplantation is reserved for end-stage disease unresponsive to medical therapy  Major indications for cardiac transplantation : ...
Anti anginal drugs
Anti anginal drugs

... disease in 95% of patients. • A decreased oxygen supply from anemia, hypotension, vasospasm, or arrhythmias or an increase in oxygen demand secondary to exercise, emotional stress, CHF, hypertension, tachycardia, sepsis, etc., can lead to a worsening of symptoms. • Ischemia can occur in patients wit ...
Reduced Volume Fraction of Myofibrils in Myocardium ofPatients
Reduced Volume Fraction of Myofibrils in Myocardium ofPatients

... ultrastructure of the myocardium correlated with contractile function in patients with AS. Patients in whom EF, left atrial pressure and right ventricular systolic pressure were abnormal had more advanced LV hypertrophy but fewer myofibrils in myocardial cells than patients with normal hemodynamics. ...
Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes
Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes

... in 387 American athletes aged 12-35 (Table 1). Male athletes were found to be three times more affected than female athletes, with the frequency of SCD increasing with age. The trigger for cardiac arrest was noted to be participation in sport in the presence of cardiovascular diseases, which can lea ...
HEART FAILURE
HEART FAILURE

... Heart Failure cont. Diastolic Dysfunction: Coronary artery disease. Systemic Hypertension. Diabetis Mellitus. Aortic stenosis. Hypertrophic cardiomypathy. Infiltrative cardiomypathy Endocardial fibrosis. Normal aging process. ...
Genetic Testing for Cardiac Ion Channelopathies
Genetic Testing for Cardiac Ion Channelopathies

... phase of the ventricular action potential, increasing the risk for arrhythmic events, such as torsades de pointes, which may in turn result in syncope and sudden cardiac death. Management has focused on the use of beta blockers as first-line treatment, with pacemakers or implantable cardiac defibril ...
Management of Mitral Stenosis - e
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m5zn_886b8fa236ca4d1
m5zn_886b8fa236ca4d1

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Slide 1
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Current Cardiac Surgery in South Africa
Current Cardiac Surgery in South Africa

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Presyncope and Syncope
Presyncope and Syncope

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Indications for Electrophysiological Testing

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Extreme Left Atrial Enlargement
Extreme Left Atrial Enlargement

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Cardiology Board Review
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2. Acute coronary syndromes
2. Acute coronary syndromes

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Perforation of the Heart during Cardiac Catheterization
Perforation of the Heart during Cardiac Catheterization

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Images and Case Reports in Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology
Images and Case Reports in Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology

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General Principles Cardiac Cycle
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Pacemaker and arrhythmias in pediatric patients. An update
Pacemaker and arrhythmias in pediatric patients. An update

... mon. Antiarrhythmic treatment is often effective. Radio- ...
Epicardial Pacing
Epicardial Pacing

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Occasional dropped ventricular pacing in apatient with no
Occasional dropped ventricular pacing in apatient with no

... (Figure 1B). The patient was asymptomatic during these episodes. A chest radiograph showed no change in the pacemaker leads position. Interrogation of the device demonstrated that all parameters to be within normal range. There was no noise noted on the leads. Isometric arm exercises did not reveal ...
Causes of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Causes of Cardiac Arrhythmias

... Causes of Cardiac Arrhythmias Abnormal rhythmicity of the pacemaker Shift of the pacemaker from the sinus node to another place in the heart 3. Blocks at different points during the spread of the impulse through the heart 4. Abnormal pathways of impulse transmission through the heart 5. Spontaneous ...
Echocardiographic changes after cardiac resynchronisation therapy
Echocardiographic changes after cardiac resynchronisation therapy

... and who was neither in hospital for heart failure nor died for cardiac reasons, was categorised as a clinical responder. Results: In the responders’ group, we found a significant improvement of right ventricular systolic function and a decrease in the size of the right ventricle (RV) only after 15 m ...
COMPLICATIONS OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
COMPLICATIONS OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

... conduction defects may then be to idenlifya group of patients at high risk for complications which may be averted by prolonged electrical monitoring or earlier use of hemodynamic moniloring. Cardiogenic Shock Pump failure accounts for greater than 60% of all deaths from acute infarction. Aside from ...
IHD,angina,_MI__2011,gg_g
IHD,angina,_MI__2011,gg_g

... (1) Stable or typical angina (2) Unstable or crescendo angina (3) Prinzmetal or variant angina ...
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy



Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary disease of the myocardium (the muscle of the heart) in which a portion of the myocardium is hypertrophied (thickened) without any obvious cause, creating functional impairment of the cardiac muscle. It is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes.The occurrence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a significant cause of sudden unexpected cardiac death in any age group and as a cause of disabling cardiac symptoms. Younger people are likely to have a more severe form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.HCM is frequently asymptomatic until sudden cardiac death, and for this reason some suggest routinely screening certain populations for this disease.A cardiomyopathy is a disease that affects the muscle of the heart. With HCM, the myocytes (cardiac contractile cells) in the heart increase in size, which results in the thickening of the heart muscle. In addition, the normal alignment of muscle cells is disrupted, a phenomenon known as myocardial disarray. HCM also causes disruptions of the electrical functions of the heart. HCM is most commonly due to a mutation in one of nine sarcomeric genes that results in a mutated protein in the sarcomere, the primary component of the myocyte (the muscle cell of the heart). These are predominantly single-point missense mutations in the genes for beta-myosin heavy chain (MHC), myosin-binding protein C, cardiac troponinT, or tropomyosin. These mutations cause myofibril and myocyte structural abnormalities and possible deficiencies in force generation. Not to be confused with dilated cardiomyopathy or any other cardiomyopathy.While most literature so far focuses on European, American, and Japanese populations, HCM appears in all ethnic groups. The prevalence of HCM is about 0.2% to 0.5% of the general population.
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