![Clostridium botulinum](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/006516312_1-c73a64f5c6e3328079ad6dfb6dc55b92-300x300.png)
Clostridium botulinum
... • Gram positive, rod shaped bacterium • Produces neurotoxins that cause muscular paralysis • Component in Botox • Obligate anaerobe • Forms endospores • Often found in soil • Genome size: 3.89 Mb • Lethal in small amounts • 8 types of botulism – Only A, B, and E are forms of human botulism ...
... • Gram positive, rod shaped bacterium • Produces neurotoxins that cause muscular paralysis • Component in Botox • Obligate anaerobe • Forms endospores • Often found in soil • Genome size: 3.89 Mb • Lethal in small amounts • 8 types of botulism – Only A, B, and E are forms of human botulism ...
Screening for bacteria capable of biodegradation of toxic sulfur
... their application in treatment of contaminated soils/water/sludge Sulfur is one of the most common and dominant elements present on the Earth crust and plays an important role in essential life processes. Microorganisms play an important part in sulfur transformations. Sulfur conversions involve the ...
... their application in treatment of contaminated soils/water/sludge Sulfur is one of the most common and dominant elements present on the Earth crust and plays an important role in essential life processes. Microorganisms play an important part in sulfur transformations. Sulfur conversions involve the ...
Oral Cavity Abdominal Cavity Pelvic Cavity - TangHua2012-2013
... If this is allowed to build up over a period of remove, and it provides sites for bacterial growth. ...
... If this is allowed to build up over a period of remove, and it provides sites for bacterial growth. ...
Digestive System
... has ducts therefore its secretion reaches by ducts to the affected part. • All salivary glands are exocrine glands. • Secretion of salivary glands may be serous, or mucous or mixed. • Saliva in the mouth has digestive , lubricating, protective functions. • Each salivary gland receives parasympathati ...
... has ducts therefore its secretion reaches by ducts to the affected part. • All salivary glands are exocrine glands. • Secretion of salivary glands may be serous, or mucous or mixed. • Saliva in the mouth has digestive , lubricating, protective functions. • Each salivary gland receives parasympathati ...
Gastointestinal Infections I
... Mouth: thousands of bacteria in the mouth; many more anaerobes (100:1); main reservoir for introduction into intestinal tract ...
... Mouth: thousands of bacteria in the mouth; many more anaerobes (100:1); main reservoir for introduction into intestinal tract ...
Lab Diagnosis of GIT Infections
... Enteropathogenic (EPEC) – primarily in infants and children; outbreaks in hospital nurseries and day care centers; stool has mucous but not blood; identified by ...
... Enteropathogenic (EPEC) – primarily in infants and children; outbreaks in hospital nurseries and day care centers; stool has mucous but not blood; identified by ...
3.As a basic biological science:microorganisms are the best model
... bacteria to clean up toxic wastes. 3. Bacteria that cause diseases in insects are being used as biological controls of insect pests. Biological controls are specific for the pest and do not harm the environment. 4. Using recombinant DNA, bacteria can produce important human proteins, such as insulin ...
... bacteria to clean up toxic wastes. 3. Bacteria that cause diseases in insects are being used as biological controls of insect pests. Biological controls are specific for the pest and do not harm the environment. 4. Using recombinant DNA, bacteria can produce important human proteins, such as insulin ...
Expression of connexins 26, 32 and 43 in the human colon
... to Cx43 and Cx32 [4, 13, 15]. The present study demonstrated immunohistochemically for the first time the expression of Cx26 in human colon mucosa. It has been demonstrated that expression of Cx26 in the epithelium of the mammary gland [23], endometrial epithelium [20], urothelium [6] and in the epi ...
... to Cx43 and Cx32 [4, 13, 15]. The present study demonstrated immunohistochemically for the first time the expression of Cx26 in human colon mucosa. It has been demonstrated that expression of Cx26 in the epithelium of the mammary gland [23], endometrial epithelium [20], urothelium [6] and in the epi ...
Etiology of Infectious Corneal Ulcers and Bacterial Susceptibility to
... versus those in non contact lens wearers, though the antibiotic susceptibilities are similar. • The overall bacterial spectrum found was similar in percentages to those from previous publications. – However, in the subgroup analysis, the spectrum appears much different, with Staph aureus becoming th ...
... versus those in non contact lens wearers, though the antibiotic susceptibilities are similar. • The overall bacterial spectrum found was similar in percentages to those from previous publications. – However, in the subgroup analysis, the spectrum appears much different, with Staph aureus becoming th ...
Microbiology Test Description Summaries
... APC/SPC One of the most commonly requested tests - Aerobic Plate Count (APC) determines the overall microbial population in a sample. For dairy foods, Standard Plate Count (SPC) is used instead of APC. These two reference methods differ in their temperature of incubation, with APC incubated at 35ºC ...
... APC/SPC One of the most commonly requested tests - Aerobic Plate Count (APC) determines the overall microbial population in a sample. For dairy foods, Standard Plate Count (SPC) is used instead of APC. These two reference methods differ in their temperature of incubation, with APC incubated at 35ºC ...
Probiotics in Health Maintenance and Disease Prevention
... human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is diverse. It includes the epithelial layer, the mucous layer, the mechanics of peristalsis and desquamation, and actions of secretory IgA, all of which impact bacterial attachment (Figure 1).2 After attachment, colonic bacteria are prevented from mixing with the h ...
... human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is diverse. It includes the epithelial layer, the mucous layer, the mechanics of peristalsis and desquamation, and actions of secretory IgA, all of which impact bacterial attachment (Figure 1).2 After attachment, colonic bacteria are prevented from mixing with the h ...
The rumen bacteria
... The basis for role assignation for bacteria; tremendous variation Bulk of knowledge based on studies with cultivated species poor representation ? evolution during propagation ? ...
... The basis for role assignation for bacteria; tremendous variation Bulk of knowledge based on studies with cultivated species poor representation ? evolution during propagation ? ...
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for direct
... oligonucleotide probes to identify bacteria. To control non-specific binding of EUB 338, probe NON 338 was used. Alternatively, DAPI (49,69-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining was applied to record prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA in the specimens. Hybridization with NON 338 gave no signals despite bac ...
... oligonucleotide probes to identify bacteria. To control non-specific binding of EUB 338, probe NON 338 was used. Alternatively, DAPI (49,69-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining was applied to record prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA in the specimens. Hybridization with NON 338 gave no signals despite bac ...
What Controls Variation in Human Skin Color?
... heritability, the number of genes likely to be involved, and the best strategies for identifying those genes. For skin color, the broad sense heritability (defined as the overall effect of genetic vs. nongenetic factors) is very high (Clark et al. 1981), provided one is able to control for the most ...
... heritability, the number of genes likely to be involved, and the best strategies for identifying those genes. For skin color, the broad sense heritability (defined as the overall effect of genetic vs. nongenetic factors) is very high (Clark et al. 1981), provided one is able to control for the most ...
Digestive Part C
... Superficial venous plexuses are associated with the anal canal Inflammation of these veins results in itchy varicosities called hemorrhoids ...
... Superficial venous plexuses are associated with the anal canal Inflammation of these veins results in itchy varicosities called hemorrhoids ...
Antibiotics
... • any of a variety of substances, usually obtained from microorganisms, that inhibit the growth of or destroy certain other microorganisms. ...
... • any of a variety of substances, usually obtained from microorganisms, that inhibit the growth of or destroy certain other microorganisms. ...
Dairy Microbiology Key Terms Mastitis Somatic Cells
... are natural reservoirs of bacteria. Many of these bacteria are not harmful to humans, but some may be harmful to humans even though the dairy animals are not affected and appear healthy. Milk may become contaminated with bacteria during or after milking. Mastitis is an inflammation of the udder, t ...
... are natural reservoirs of bacteria. Many of these bacteria are not harmful to humans, but some may be harmful to humans even though the dairy animals are not affected and appear healthy. Milk may become contaminated with bacteria during or after milking. Mastitis is an inflammation of the udder, t ...
The Microbial World:
... true bacteria), three phyla of Archaea (previously called archaebacteria), and several phyla of other microorganisms (fungi and protists). It is now also known that many more forms of microbial life exist on Earth than previously expected. Indeed, most of the organisms from natural soil and aquatic ...
... true bacteria), three phyla of Archaea (previously called archaebacteria), and several phyla of other microorganisms (fungi and protists). It is now also known that many more forms of microbial life exist on Earth than previously expected. Indeed, most of the organisms from natural soil and aquatic ...
C. sordellii - York College of Pennsylvania
... El-Refaey, H., Rajasekar, D., Abdalla, M., Calder, L., Templeton, A., 1995. Induction of abortion with mifepristone and oral or vaginal misoprostol. New England Journal of Medicine 332(15):983-987. McGregor, J., Soper, D., Lovell, G., Todd, J., 1989. Maternal deaths associated with Clostridium sored ...
... El-Refaey, H., Rajasekar, D., Abdalla, M., Calder, L., Templeton, A., 1995. Induction of abortion with mifepristone and oral or vaginal misoprostol. New England Journal of Medicine 332(15):983-987. McGregor, J., Soper, D., Lovell, G., Todd, J., 1989. Maternal deaths associated with Clostridium sored ...
Unit 1
... growth factors) - Special growth factors are specific vitamins and amino acids that certain species must have to grow - Bacteria that require growth factors and complex nutrients – fastidious - Blood agar, made by adding sterile sheep, horse or rabbit blood, to a sterile agar base is used to grow fa ...
... growth factors) - Special growth factors are specific vitamins and amino acids that certain species must have to grow - Bacteria that require growth factors and complex nutrients – fastidious - Blood agar, made by adding sterile sheep, horse or rabbit blood, to a sterile agar base is used to grow fa ...
《微生物学》双语教学授课教案(含英文习题) Chapter1 The
... 5. Compare and contrast the works of Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch, i n terms of both applied and basic science. 6. Microorganisms can be both beneficial and harmful to humans. Altho ugh we tend to emphasize the harmful microorganisms (infectious disea se agents), many more are beneficial than harmf ...
... 5. Compare and contrast the works of Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch, i n terms of both applied and basic science. 6. Microorganisms can be both beneficial and harmful to humans. Altho ugh we tend to emphasize the harmful microorganisms (infectious disea se agents), many more are beneficial than harmf ...
ModBio11-5Microbiology
... most appropriate antibiotic to a person with this bacterial infection based on these “sensitivity” tests. ...
... most appropriate antibiotic to a person with this bacterial infection based on these “sensitivity” tests. ...
Cleaning and Disinfection of Environmental Surfaces
... moderated residual activity and are efective in the presence of moderate quantities of organic material. They are extremely irritating to skin and mucous membranes. Formaldehydes are used as sterilants rather than disinfectants. They can be highly toxic, are known to be carcinogenic, are strongly ir ...
... moderated residual activity and are efective in the presence of moderate quantities of organic material. They are extremely irritating to skin and mucous membranes. Formaldehydes are used as sterilants rather than disinfectants. They can be highly toxic, are known to be carcinogenic, are strongly ir ...
Microbial Ecological Roles updated lesson plan
... Genes can give us important information about the specific role an organism plays in its environment. Each microbe’s ecological role is closely related to what they do. Some common functions of marine microbes are nitrogen fixation, photosynthesis, and heterotrophy. Complete each part below. Record ...
... Genes can give us important information about the specific role an organism plays in its environment. Each microbe’s ecological role is closely related to what they do. Some common functions of marine microbes are nitrogen fixation, photosynthesis, and heterotrophy. Complete each part below. Record ...
Occurrence of Bacteria and Coli Bacteriophages as Potential
... not a constant part of water microflora but their presence is usually connected with wastewater inflow rich in animal and human excrement. Their survivability depends upon physical-chemical environmental conditions. Phages are very resistant to environmental factors; hence water samples containing v ...
... not a constant part of water microflora but their presence is usually connected with wastewater inflow rich in animal and human excrement. Their survivability depends upon physical-chemical environmental conditions. Phages are very resistant to environmental factors; hence water samples containing v ...
Human microbiota
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Skin_Microbiome20169-300.jpg?width=300)
The human microbiota is the aggregate of microorganisms, a microbiome that resides on the surface and in deep layers of skin (including in mammary glands), in the saliva and oral mucosa, in the conjunctiva, and in the gastrointestinal tracts. They include bacteria, fungi, and archaea. Micro-animals which live on the human body are excluded. The human microbiome refer to their genomes.One study indicated they outnumber human cells 10 to 1. Some of these organisms perform tasks that are useful for the human host. However, the majority have been too poorly researched for us to understand the role they play, however communities of microflora have been shown to change their behavior in diseased individuals. Those that are expected to be present, and that under normal circumstances do not cause disease, but instead participate in maintaining health, are deemed members of the normal flora. Though widely known as microflora, this is a misnomer in technical terms, since the word root flora pertains to plants, and biota refers to the total collection of organisms in a particular ecosystem. Recently, the more appropriate term microbiota is applied, though its use has not eclipsed the entrenched use and recognition of flora with regard to bacteria and other microorganisms. Both terms are being used in different literature.Studies in 2009 questioned whether the decline in biota (including microfauna) as a result of human intervention might impede human health.Most of the microbes associated with humans appear to be not harmful at all, but rather assist in maintaining processes necessary for a healthy body. A surprising finding was that at specific sites on the body, a different set of microbes may perform the same function for different people. For example, on the tongues of two people, two entirely different sets of organisms will break down sugars in the same way. This suggests that medical science may be forced to abandon the ""one only"" microbe model of infectious disease, and rather pay attention to functions of groups of microbes that have somehow gone awry.