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... middle class to gain power. – In 650 BC iron weapons replaced expensive bronze, allowing ordinary citizens to purchase armor and become soldiers. ...
Greece
Greece

... asked why he had fixed the punishment of death for most offences, answered that he considered these lesser crimes to deserve it, and he had no greater punishment for more important ones." All his laws were repealed by Solon in the early 6th century BC, with the exception of the homicide law ...
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...  Democracy was developed in Ancient Greece around 500 B.C., in the city-state of Athens. The main governing body of the Athenian democracy was the Citizens Assembly. It was open to all 40,000 male citizens, but usually only 5,000 attended. The assembly welcomed both rich and poor citizens. The male ...
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Athenian democracy



Athenian democracy developed around the fifth century BC in the Greek city-state (known as a polis) of Athens, comprising the city of Athens and the surrounding territory of Attica and is the first known democracy in the world. Other Greek cities set up democracies, most following the Athenian model, but none are as well documented as Athens.It was a system of direct democracy, in which participating citizens voted directly on legislation and executive bills. Participation was not open to all residents: to vote one had to be an adult, male citizen, and the number of these ""varied between 30,000 and 50,000 out of a total population of around 250,000 to 300,000.""The longest-lasting democratic leader was Pericles. After his death, Athenian democracy was twice briefly interrupted by oligarchic revolutions towards the end of the Peloponnesian War. It was modified somewhat after it was restored under Eucleides; and the most detailed accounts of the system are of this fourth-century modification rather than the Periclean system. Democracy was suppressed by the Macedonians in 322 BC. The Athenian institutions were later revived, but how close they were to a real democracy is debatable. Solon (594 BC), Cleisthenes (508/7 BC), an aristocrat, and Ephialtes (462 BC) contributed to the development of Athenian democracy.
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