Probing neural circuits in the zebrafish: a suite of optical techniques
... Fig. 3. Linescans provide spatial and temporal information about the dynamics of intracellular calcium signals. With laser-scanning confocal microscopes, a single line can be scanned repetitively at 2-ms intervals. The white line illustrated crossing the cell in (A) was scanned repeatedly (nucleus i ...
... Fig. 3. Linescans provide spatial and temporal information about the dynamics of intracellular calcium signals. With laser-scanning confocal microscopes, a single line can be scanned repetitively at 2-ms intervals. The white line illustrated crossing the cell in (A) was scanned repeatedly (nucleus i ...
View Full PDF - Biochemical Society Transactions
... in a panoply of tissues, including the brain, where it is widely distributed. In the mouse brain, it is expressed in the hypothalamus (suprachiasmatic, paraventricular, dorsomedial, ventromedial and arcuate nuclei), the thalamus (submedius nucleus) and the brain-stem (dorsal motor nucleus of the vag ...
... in a panoply of tissues, including the brain, where it is widely distributed. In the mouse brain, it is expressed in the hypothalamus (suprachiasmatic, paraventricular, dorsomedial, ventromedial and arcuate nuclei), the thalamus (submedius nucleus) and the brain-stem (dorsal motor nucleus of the vag ...
Document
... • Morphogenesis = the process by which cells occupy their appropriate locations and the embryo takes on its shape – occurs through the production of soluble factors that control the differentiation of cells = morphogens – form gradients within the embryo – many act as transcription factors and bind ...
... • Morphogenesis = the process by which cells occupy their appropriate locations and the embryo takes on its shape – occurs through the production of soluble factors that control the differentiation of cells = morphogens – form gradients within the embryo – many act as transcription factors and bind ...
Discontinuity in evolution: how different levels of organization imply
... located at the periphery of the environment. (Os are free to move out of the 20x20 environment even if they can increase their fitness only by remaining in the environment). Os are placed in individual copies in the environment (i.e. they live in isolation) and they do not change during the course o ...
... located at the periphery of the environment. (Os are free to move out of the 20x20 environment even if they can increase their fitness only by remaining in the environment). Os are placed in individual copies in the environment (i.e. they live in isolation) and they do not change during the course o ...
section 3 - the nervous system and sensory physiology
... 13. The hand that was previously in warm water felt colder, while the hand that was previously in cold water felt warmer. This is because the perceived temperature of the lukewarm water is produced by the combined effects of the water temperature on separate receptors for cold and heat. The cold re ...
... 13. The hand that was previously in warm water felt colder, while the hand that was previously in cold water felt warmer. This is because the perceived temperature of the lukewarm water is produced by the combined effects of the water temperature on separate receptors for cold and heat. The cold re ...
Autonomic nervous system
... their target organs (see below “Function”): sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric. Sympathetic ganglia are located in two sympathetic chains close to the spinal cord: the prevertebral and pre-aortic chains. Parasympathetic ganglia, in contrast, are located in close proximity to the target organ: ...
... their target organs (see below “Function”): sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric. Sympathetic ganglia are located in two sympathetic chains close to the spinal cord: the prevertebral and pre-aortic chains. Parasympathetic ganglia, in contrast, are located in close proximity to the target organ: ...
SECTION 3 - THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND SENSORY
... 13. The hand that was previously in warm water felt colder, while the hand that was previously in cold water felt warmer. This is because the perceived temperature of the lukewarm water is produced by the combined effects of the water temperature on separate receptors for cold and heat. The cold re ...
... 13. The hand that was previously in warm water felt colder, while the hand that was previously in cold water felt warmer. This is because the perceived temperature of the lukewarm water is produced by the combined effects of the water temperature on separate receptors for cold and heat. The cold re ...
L7- Physiology of Co..
... parabrachialis of the upper pons, transmits impulses to the inspiratory area. Functions: Transmit signals to the dorsal inspiratory areas to switch off the inspiratory ramp signals, controlling the duration of the filling phase of the lungs. When these signals are strong inspiration lasts for 0.5 se ...
... parabrachialis of the upper pons, transmits impulses to the inspiratory area. Functions: Transmit signals to the dorsal inspiratory areas to switch off the inspiratory ramp signals, controlling the duration of the filling phase of the lungs. When these signals are strong inspiration lasts for 0.5 se ...
1.In the direct pathway
... 1.the substantia nigra, send Dopamine secreting neuron into the striatum. Dopamine has an excitatory effect upon cells in the striatum that are part of the Direct Pathway. This is via D1 receptors. Dopamine ...
... 1.the substantia nigra, send Dopamine secreting neuron into the striatum. Dopamine has an excitatory effect upon cells in the striatum that are part of the Direct Pathway. This is via D1 receptors. Dopamine ...
Functional Integration of Embryonic Stem Cell
... Pluripotency and the potential for continuous self-renewal make embryonic stem (ES) cells an attractive donor source for neuronal cell replacement. Despite recent encouraging results in this field, little is known about the functional integration of transplanted ES cellderived neurons on the single- ...
... Pluripotency and the potential for continuous self-renewal make embryonic stem (ES) cells an attractive donor source for neuronal cell replacement. Despite recent encouraging results in this field, little is known about the functional integration of transplanted ES cellderived neurons on the single- ...
Slide 1 - Elsevier Store
... FIGURE 26.14 Rodent visual cortex. (A) Orientation-selective neurons in rat visual cortex (as well as mice) are not organized into columns, but instead are positioned randomly in V1. Individual neurons were stained with an activity-sensitive indicator and imaged in vivo with two-photon microscopy, ...
... FIGURE 26.14 Rodent visual cortex. (A) Orientation-selective neurons in rat visual cortex (as well as mice) are not organized into columns, but instead are positioned randomly in V1. Individual neurons were stained with an activity-sensitive indicator and imaged in vivo with two-photon microscopy, ...
Lecture #13 – Animal Nervous Systems
... Chemical synapses allow more complicated signals • Responses are summed at the axon hillock Action potential is generated and sent down axon; or not ...
... Chemical synapses allow more complicated signals • Responses are summed at the axon hillock Action potential is generated and sent down axon; or not ...
Gaze direction controls response gain in primary visual
... cortical areas1±12, but the role of the primary visual cortex (area V1) in this process has remained unclear. Here we show that, for half the cells recorded in area V1 of behaving monkeys, the classically described visual responses are strongly modulated by gaze direction. Speci®cally, we ®nd that s ...
... cortical areas1±12, but the role of the primary visual cortex (area V1) in this process has remained unclear. Here we show that, for half the cells recorded in area V1 of behaving monkeys, the classically described visual responses are strongly modulated by gaze direction. Speci®cally, we ®nd that s ...
Poster No: 1064 - Orthopaedic Research Society
... DISCUSSION. Disturbance of axonal flow therefore threatens the survival of neurons and appears to be one cause of neurological dysfunction. In this study, compression of the peripheral branches of motor neurons in the nerve root led to impairment of axonal flow and central chromatolysis in the neuro ...
... DISCUSSION. Disturbance of axonal flow therefore threatens the survival of neurons and appears to be one cause of neurological dysfunction. In this study, compression of the peripheral branches of motor neurons in the nerve root led to impairment of axonal flow and central chromatolysis in the neuro ...
Neural crest stem cell
... nerve ganglia. Realising that this term was less descriptive than was desirable, a year later he swapped neural ridge with neural crest. The neural crest has been called the “fourth germ layer”, because of its importance. Indeed, it is a multipotent tissue that gives rise to various differentiated c ...
... nerve ganglia. Realising that this term was less descriptive than was desirable, a year later he swapped neural ridge with neural crest. The neural crest has been called the “fourth germ layer”, because of its importance. Indeed, it is a multipotent tissue that gives rise to various differentiated c ...
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... that are inhibitory. Because of this consistency, it is common for neuroscientists to simplify the terminology by referring to cells that release glutamate as "excitatory neurons," and cells that release GABA as "inhibitory neurons." Since well over 90% of the neurons in the brain release either glu ...
... that are inhibitory. Because of this consistency, it is common for neuroscientists to simplify the terminology by referring to cells that release glutamate as "excitatory neurons," and cells that release GABA as "inhibitory neurons." Since well over 90% of the neurons in the brain release either glu ...
Time cited
... Abstract: Neurotrophic factors, such as nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, are members of the structurally related neurotrophin family that play important roles in pain modulation. Although there are also indications for the involvement of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic ...
... Abstract: Neurotrophic factors, such as nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, are members of the structurally related neurotrophin family that play important roles in pain modulation. Although there are also indications for the involvement of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic ...
Electrical Properties of Neuron
... Axon Dendrites Myelin • Dendrites -- Input • Cell body (soma) -- Integration • Axon -- Output ...
... Axon Dendrites Myelin • Dendrites -- Input • Cell body (soma) -- Integration • Axon -- Output ...
Developmental origin of shark electrosensory organs
... neural crest and epidermal placodes. We tested this hypothesis by examining the neural crest contribution during development of catshark electrosensory system using two molecular markers. The SRY-related gene Sox8 marks neural crest cell derivatives (McKeown et al. 2005) and the monoclonal antibody ...
... neural crest and epidermal placodes. We tested this hypothesis by examining the neural crest contribution during development of catshark electrosensory system using two molecular markers. The SRY-related gene Sox8 marks neural crest cell derivatives (McKeown et al. 2005) and the monoclonal antibody ...
THE BASAL GANGLIA - Selam Higher Clinic
... The pathologies of the cerebellum have long revealed that this part of the brain is involved in motor co-ordination The cerebellum is divided into three regions, each of which is connected to a specific structure in the brain and involved in a ...
... The pathologies of the cerebellum have long revealed that this part of the brain is involved in motor co-ordination The cerebellum is divided into three regions, each of which is connected to a specific structure in the brain and involved in a ...
Compete to Compute
... functional properties of competitive interactions have been further studied to show, among other things, the effects of distance-dependent kernels [8], inhibitory time lags [8, 9], development of self-organizing maps [10, 11, 12], and the role of WTA networks in attention [13]. Biological models hav ...
... functional properties of competitive interactions have been further studied to show, among other things, the effects of distance-dependent kernels [8], inhibitory time lags [8, 9], development of self-organizing maps [10, 11, 12], and the role of WTA networks in attention [13]. Biological models hav ...