Answer Key Chapter 28 - Scarsdale Public Schools
... The sodium-potassium pump works to establish a high concentration gradient for extracellular NA+ and a high concentration gradient for intracellular K+ by pumping Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell. 2. Sketch a diagram of the plasma membrane of a generic neuron. Label where the concentra ...
... The sodium-potassium pump works to establish a high concentration gradient for extracellular NA+ and a high concentration gradient for intracellular K+ by pumping Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell. 2. Sketch a diagram of the plasma membrane of a generic neuron. Label where the concentra ...
Brainstorm: How can molecules move against their concentration
... A solution outside the cell that is less concentrated than inside the cell is called hypotonic to the cell. ...
... A solution outside the cell that is less concentrated than inside the cell is called hypotonic to the cell. ...
Membrane structure, I
... Maintenance of Membrane Potential by Ion Pumps An electrochemical gradient ...
... Maintenance of Membrane Potential by Ion Pumps An electrochemical gradient ...
Nervous System Lecture Notes Page
... Na+ Channels Close, K+ Channels Open & K+ Diffuses Out of Neuron Results In Repolarization (+ outside/- inside) Repolarization Required before another Action Potential Sodium-Potassium Pump moves Na+ out & K+ in (Requires Energy) ...
... Na+ Channels Close, K+ Channels Open & K+ Diffuses Out of Neuron Results In Repolarization (+ outside/- inside) Repolarization Required before another Action Potential Sodium-Potassium Pump moves Na+ out & K+ in (Requires Energy) ...
Transport across the cell membrane
... Hypotonic: The solution has a HIGHER concentration of water than the concentration of water inside the cell therefore water will GO INTO the cell and the cell increases in size. Isotonic: The solution has an EQUAL concentration compared to the inside of the cell therefore no water would move in or ...
... Hypotonic: The solution has a HIGHER concentration of water than the concentration of water inside the cell therefore water will GO INTO the cell and the cell increases in size. Isotonic: The solution has an EQUAL concentration compared to the inside of the cell therefore no water would move in or ...
1.3 Diffusion, Osmosis, and the Cell Membrane • Diffusion is the
... • The smell of fresh baked bread “spreading” throughout the room is an example of diffusion. The diffusion of ink in water. ...
... • The smell of fresh baked bread “spreading” throughout the room is an example of diffusion. The diffusion of ink in water. ...
Building Cellular Organelles
... enzymes found in the matrix as well as on the inner membrane. 3. With the information below, build a lysosome. Lysosome – The lysosomal membrane is a single membrane. The membrane encloses a number of hydrolytic enzymes. These hydrolases break down nucleotides, proteins, lipids, phospholipids, and a ...
... enzymes found in the matrix as well as on the inner membrane. 3. With the information below, build a lysosome. Lysosome – The lysosomal membrane is a single membrane. The membrane encloses a number of hydrolytic enzymes. These hydrolases break down nucleotides, proteins, lipids, phospholipids, and a ...
Minerals on the Go
... Rule: Whereas macrominerals (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl- etc.) travel in the blood and access cells primarily as free ions, the micronutrients (Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Mn2,, Se) rely on proteins and other ligands for transport and delivery Rule: Targeting microminerals to select organs and locations within cells ...
... Rule: Whereas macrominerals (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl- etc.) travel in the blood and access cells primarily as free ions, the micronutrients (Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Mn2,, Se) rely on proteins and other ligands for transport and delivery Rule: Targeting microminerals to select organs and locations within cells ...
- Google Sites
... The junction between two communicating neurons is called a __________________; there is a ______________ __________________ between them across which the impulse must be conveyed. Synaptic transmission it the process by which the impulse in the presynaptic neuron is transmitted across the synaptic c ...
... The junction between two communicating neurons is called a __________________; there is a ______________ __________________ between them across which the impulse must be conveyed. Synaptic transmission it the process by which the impulse in the presynaptic neuron is transmitted across the synaptic c ...
Drugs, Drug Targets and You: Patch Clamping
... in the host defense (like mast cells), secrete different agents. They are stored in vesicles enclosed by a membrane. When the cell is stimulated, the vesicles move to the cell surface. The cell and vesicle membranes fuse, and the agent is liberated. The mast cell secretes histamine ...
... in the host defense (like mast cells), secrete different agents. They are stored in vesicles enclosed by a membrane. When the cell is stimulated, the vesicles move to the cell surface. The cell and vesicle membranes fuse, and the agent is liberated. The mast cell secretes histamine ...
a14b NeuroPhysII
... • Graded Graded potentials o Incoming short-distance signals o Short-lived, localized changes in membrane potential o Depolarizations or hyperpolarizations o Graded potential spreads as local currents change the membrane potential of adjacent regions ...
... • Graded Graded potentials o Incoming short-distance signals o Short-lived, localized changes in membrane potential o Depolarizations or hyperpolarizations o Graded potential spreads as local currents change the membrane potential of adjacent regions ...
Chapter 7: The Nervous System
... B. The development of motor control indicates the Cerebral refers to the affected area of the brain, the cerebrum, and palsy refers to disorder of movement. Cerebral palsy is caused by damage to the motor control centers of the young developing brain and can occur during pregnancy, during childbirth ...
... B. The development of motor control indicates the Cerebral refers to the affected area of the brain, the cerebrum, and palsy refers to disorder of movement. Cerebral palsy is caused by damage to the motor control centers of the young developing brain and can occur during pregnancy, during childbirth ...
Cell Week4
... Genes in these nuclei control production of structural and catalytic (enzyme) proteins required for muscle contraction. The more copies of these genes, the faster those proteins can be produced 3. Membrane of a muscle fibre has a Transmembrane Electrical Potential (Voltage) due to the uneven distrib ...
... Genes in these nuclei control production of structural and catalytic (enzyme) proteins required for muscle contraction. The more copies of these genes, the faster those proteins can be produced 3. Membrane of a muscle fibre has a Transmembrane Electrical Potential (Voltage) due to the uneven distrib ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.