Mass Spectroscopy
... Measures mass by detection of the image current of ions cyclotroning in a magnetic field The ions are injected into a Penning Trap(a static electric/magnetic ion trap) where they effectively form part of a circuit. Detectors at fixed positions measure the electrical signal(weak AC ) when the ion ...
... Measures mass by detection of the image current of ions cyclotroning in a magnetic field The ions are injected into a Penning Trap(a static electric/magnetic ion trap) where they effectively form part of a circuit. Detectors at fixed positions measure the electrical signal(weak AC ) when the ion ...
Active Transport
... Everything that is transported across the cell membrane takes place by one of two fundamental processes: 1. Passive transport moves molecules from a [high] to [low] in order to establish equilibrium. The molecules may or may not need to use a protein channel or carrier. ...
... Everything that is transported across the cell membrane takes place by one of two fundamental processes: 1. Passive transport moves molecules from a [high] to [low] in order to establish equilibrium. The molecules may or may not need to use a protein channel or carrier. ...
Notes Chapter 5 Cellular Transport and Homeostasis
... Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane. The net direction of osmosis is determined by the relative solute concentrations on the two sides of the membrane. When the solute concentration outside the cell is lower than that in the cytosol, the solution outside is hypotonic to the cytos ...
... Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane. The net direction of osmosis is determined by the relative solute concentrations on the two sides of the membrane. When the solute concentration outside the cell is lower than that in the cytosol, the solution outside is hypotonic to the cytos ...
Measurement of H+ flux in Rice by Non-invasive Micro
... which is important for iron uptakes. Here, we present a detailed protocol to measure H+ flux in root hairs of transgenic rice seedlings and transgenic rice protoplasts by the Non-invasive Micro-test Technique (NMT). The NMT system is based on a non-invasive microelectrode technology that is automati ...
... which is important for iron uptakes. Here, we present a detailed protocol to measure H+ flux in root hairs of transgenic rice seedlings and transgenic rice protoplasts by the Non-invasive Micro-test Technique (NMT). The NMT system is based on a non-invasive microelectrode technology that is automati ...
Terms being described
... 9. It refers to the action potential firing to maximum amplitude or not at all. [3 words] 11. It’s another name for motor neurons because of their direction of conduction. 13. It’s another name for sensory neurons because of their direction of conduction. 15. It’s the ability of a potential change t ...
... 9. It refers to the action potential firing to maximum amplitude or not at all. [3 words] 11. It’s another name for motor neurons because of their direction of conduction. 13. It’s another name for sensory neurons because of their direction of conduction. 15. It’s the ability of a potential change t ...
Lab 11 Nervous System I
... 3. Will the outflow of potassium make the inside of the membrane more negative or positive? ...
... 3. Will the outflow of potassium make the inside of the membrane more negative or positive? ...
The Nervous System: Neural Tissue
... 3. This chemical imbalance allows the __________________ charge to travel __________________ the __________________ of the __________________. 4. __________________ along the cell membrane, called __________________ __________________ __________________, actively transport __________________of the ...
... 3. This chemical imbalance allows the __________________ charge to travel __________________ the __________________ of the __________________. 4. __________________ along the cell membrane, called __________________ __________________ __________________, actively transport __________________of the ...
The Cell in Its Environment
... How is Osmosis Related to Diffusion? • Molecules tend to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. • Water molecules move by diffusion from an area where they are highly concentrated through the cell membrane to an area where they are less ...
... How is Osmosis Related to Diffusion? • Molecules tend to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. • Water molecules move by diffusion from an area where they are highly concentrated through the cell membrane to an area where they are less ...
Chapter 35-2
... This causes the charges to reverse the membrane potential (- to +) - results from the leading edge of impulse opening Na channels which allows Na to flow into the cell - Action Potential – the reversal of charges from – to + - also called “nerve impulse” ...
... This causes the charges to reverse the membrane potential (- to +) - results from the leading edge of impulse opening Na channels which allows Na to flow into the cell - Action Potential – the reversal of charges from – to + - also called “nerve impulse” ...
Cell Membranes The composition of nearly all cell
... Cell Walls Cell walls are present in many organisms, including plants, algae, fungi, and many prokaryotes. Cell walls lie outside the cell membrane. Most cell walls are porous enough to allow water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and certain other substances to pass through easily. The main function of the ...
... Cell Walls Cell walls are present in many organisms, including plants, algae, fungi, and many prokaryotes. Cell walls lie outside the cell membrane. Most cell walls are porous enough to allow water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and certain other substances to pass through easily. The main function of the ...
TABLE OF CONTENTS
... electrical polarization (i.e., a difference in electrical charge between two locations) that is slightly more negative on the inside relative to the outside. This difference in electrical potential or voltage is known as the resting potential. 3. The resting potential is measured by very thin microe ...
... electrical polarization (i.e., a difference in electrical charge between two locations) that is slightly more negative on the inside relative to the outside. This difference in electrical potential or voltage is known as the resting potential. 3. The resting potential is measured by very thin microe ...
Chapter 12: Neural Tissue
... - the charges of positive and negative ions are separated across the membrane, resulting in a potential difference. - positive and negative charges attract one another - if charges are not separated, they will move to eliminate potential difference, resulting in an electrical current - how much curr ...
... - the charges of positive and negative ions are separated across the membrane, resulting in a potential difference. - positive and negative charges attract one another - if charges are not separated, they will move to eliminate potential difference, resulting in an electrical current - how much curr ...
Cell Transport: Moving molecules in and out of the cell
... Facilitated Diffusion – movement of solute from high concentration to low concentration BUT requires transport protein to move molecule that are too big or polar to get through the bilayer on their own Glucose is too big to fit through ...
... Facilitated Diffusion – movement of solute from high concentration to low concentration BUT requires transport protein to move molecule that are too big or polar to get through the bilayer on their own Glucose is too big to fit through ...
Lecture 3a - Membs and Transport
... Due to: random motion and collision of molecules (NOT a pulling or pushing force) Movement “down” a concentration gradient (from area of high concentration to area of low concentration) Simple diffusion – nonpolar and lipid-soluble ...
... Due to: random motion and collision of molecules (NOT a pulling or pushing force) Movement “down” a concentration gradient (from area of high concentration to area of low concentration) Simple diffusion – nonpolar and lipid-soluble ...
a14a NeuroPhysI
... separated charges Potential difference: the voltage or difference in charge measured between two points Current (I): the flow of electrical charge (ions) between two points Resistance (R): hindrance to charge flow (provided by the plasma membrane) Insulator: substance with high electrical re ...
... separated charges Potential difference: the voltage or difference in charge measured between two points Current (I): the flow of electrical charge (ions) between two points Resistance (R): hindrance to charge flow (provided by the plasma membrane) Insulator: substance with high electrical re ...
Chapter 5: Membrane Structure and Function 5.1 Membrane Models
... c. Proteins involved in active transport are often called "pumps"; the sodiumpotassium pump is an important carrier system in nerve and muscle cells. d. Salt (NaCl) crosses a plasma membrane because sodium ions are pumped across and the chloride ion is attracted to the sodium ion and simply diffuses ...
... c. Proteins involved in active transport are often called "pumps"; the sodiumpotassium pump is an important carrier system in nerve and muscle cells. d. Salt (NaCl) crosses a plasma membrane because sodium ions are pumped across and the chloride ion is attracted to the sodium ion and simply diffuses ...
LB145-lecture5
... “bound” ribosomes? A. Bound ribosomes are enclosed in a membrane. B. Bound and free ribosomes are structurally different. C. Bound ribosomes generally synthesize membrane proteins and secretory proteins. D. The most common location for bound ribosomes is the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membran ...
... “bound” ribosomes? A. Bound ribosomes are enclosed in a membrane. B. Bound and free ribosomes are structurally different. C. Bound ribosomes generally synthesize membrane proteins and secretory proteins. D. The most common location for bound ribosomes is the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membran ...
Membrane potential
Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from –40 mV to –80 mV.All animal cells are surrounded by a membrane composed of a lipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. The membrane serves as both an insulator and a diffusion barrier to the movement of ions. Ion transporter/pump proteins actively push ions across the membrane and establish concentration gradients across the membrane, and ion channels allow ions to move across the membrane down those concentration gradients. Ion pumps and ion channels are electrically equivalent to a set of batteries and resistors inserted in the membrane, and therefore create a voltage difference between the two sides of the membrane.Virtually all eukaryotic cells (including cells from animals, plants, and fungi) maintain a non-zero transmembrane potential, usually with a negative voltage in the cell interior as compared to the cell exterior ranging from –40 mV to –80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions. First, it allows a cell to function as a battery, providing power to operate a variety of ""molecular devices"" embedded in the membrane. Second, in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells, it is used for transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. Signals are generated by opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane, producing a local change in the membrane potential. This change in the electric field can be quickly affected by either adjacent or more distant ion channels in the membrane. Those ion channels can then open or close as a result of the potential change, reproducing the signal.In non-excitable cells, and in excitable cells in their baseline states, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. For neurons, typical values of the resting potential range from –70 to –80 millivolts; that is, the interior of a cell has a negative baseline voltage of a bit less than one-tenth of a volt. The opening and closing of ion channels can induce a departure from the resting potential. This is called a depolarization if the interior voltage becomes less negative (say from –70 mV to –60 mV), or a hyperpolarization if the interior voltage becomes more negative (say from –70 mV to –80 mV). In excitable cells, a sufficiently large depolarization can evoke an action potential, in which the membrane potential changes rapidly and significantly for a short time (on the order of 1 to 100 milliseconds), often reversing its polarity. Action potentials are generated by the activation of certain voltage-gated ion channels.In neurons, the factors that influence the membrane potential are diverse. They include numerous types of ion channels, some of which are chemically gated and some of which are voltage-gated. Because voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, while the membrane potential itself is influenced by these same ion channels, feedback loops that allow for complex temporal dynamics arise, including oscillations and regenerative events such as action potentials.