Mammals on mountainsides: elevational patterns of diversity
... ranges are placed at random, subject to certain constraints, into some specified interval corresponding to an elevational or latitudinal gradient. Results differ somewhat, depending on the details of the model and the nature of the constraints, but they often give a peak in diversity near the centre ...
... ranges are placed at random, subject to certain constraints, into some specified interval corresponding to an elevational or latitudinal gradient. Results differ somewhat, depending on the details of the model and the nature of the constraints, but they often give a peak in diversity near the centre ...
Coevolution between native and invasive plant competitors
... genetic shifts between species that represent true coevolutionary process have not yet been demonstrated in plant communities. Continuing coevolution between competitors has historically been considered unlikely: character displacement was predicted to be the outcome of coevolution between competito ...
... genetic shifts between species that represent true coevolutionary process have not yet been demonstrated in plant communities. Continuing coevolution between competitors has historically been considered unlikely: character displacement was predicted to be the outcome of coevolution between competito ...
a full - British Ecological Society
... is competitively superior (Harper 1969; Paine 1969). In some senses 'strength' is an abstraction, for under some circumstances a potentially significant interaction may not be realized. Conversely, it is difficult to envision conditions which would reveal the outcome of a fundamentally weak interati ...
... is competitively superior (Harper 1969; Paine 1969). In some senses 'strength' is an abstraction, for under some circumstances a potentially significant interaction may not be realized. Conversely, it is difficult to envision conditions which would reveal the outcome of a fundamentally weak interati ...
Toward a Better Integration of Ecological
... variable because of species diversity, and variation can have impacts that differ from the mean value of those traits Perhaps the most striking aspect of the Earth is its diversity of life, which is often reflected in the diversity of traits that organisms possess. All biological responses to and ef ...
... variable because of species diversity, and variation can have impacts that differ from the mean value of those traits Perhaps the most striking aspect of the Earth is its diversity of life, which is often reflected in the diversity of traits that organisms possess. All biological responses to and ef ...
National Environmental Coalition on Invasive Species
... programs administered by him and utilize such programs in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter.” 16 U.S.C. § 1536(a)(1). The purposes of the ESA are to “provide a means whereby the ecosystems upon which endangered species and threatened species depend may be conserved, to provide a program fo ...
... programs administered by him and utilize such programs in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter.” 16 U.S.C. § 1536(a)(1). The purposes of the ESA are to “provide a means whereby the ecosystems upon which endangered species and threatened species depend may be conserved, to provide a program fo ...
Community Processes: Species Interactions
... not live without each other; Example: in lichens an algae provides photosynthesis and a fungi provides a home for the algae Example: Rhizobium bacteria, in legume plant root nodules, fix nitrogen and legume provides carbohydrates and home Example: termites have gut organism that can digest ...
... not live without each other; Example: in lichens an algae provides photosynthesis and a fungi provides a home for the algae Example: Rhizobium bacteria, in legume plant root nodules, fix nitrogen and legume provides carbohydrates and home Example: termites have gut organism that can digest ...
Your Alien Dodecahedron
... This means that water from one part of the Earth can be carried thousands of miles away before it is pumped out again. If small animals or larvae happen to be in the water when it is pumped into a ship, they get a free ride to another part of the world! You will also see that one of the biggest prob ...
... This means that water from one part of the Earth can be carried thousands of miles away before it is pumped out again. If small animals or larvae happen to be in the water when it is pumped into a ship, they get a free ride to another part of the world! You will also see that one of the biggest prob ...
Ch. 4 Populations and communities
... Interspecific competition Competitive exclusion principle: species cannot survive competition if they compete directly in many respects. Especially . . . In simple habitats with species needing the same resources. But species do occupy the same area without becoming extinct. How is this? It’s becau ...
... Interspecific competition Competitive exclusion principle: species cannot survive competition if they compete directly in many respects. Especially . . . In simple habitats with species needing the same resources. But species do occupy the same area without becoming extinct. How is this? It’s becau ...
diversity in woody pioneer species after the 1997/98 fires in
... found in openings in the forest (tree-fall gaps, roadsides, landslides, felled areas etc.) and are never found under a closed forest canopy, including their own. Non-pioneer or climax species are able to germinate, establish and survive in forest shade. Young plants of these species are thus commonl ...
... found in openings in the forest (tree-fall gaps, roadsides, landslides, felled areas etc.) and are never found under a closed forest canopy, including their own. Non-pioneer or climax species are able to germinate, establish and survive in forest shade. Young plants of these species are thus commonl ...
Document
... scientific name of the organism. The greatest innovation of Linnaeus, and still the most important aspect of this system, is the general use of binomial nomenclature, the combination of a genus name and a single specific epithet to uniquely identify each species of organism. For example, the human s ...
... scientific name of the organism. The greatest innovation of Linnaeus, and still the most important aspect of this system, is the general use of binomial nomenclature, the combination of a genus name and a single specific epithet to uniquely identify each species of organism. For example, the human s ...
Vojtech Novotny: Studying and preserving tropical biodiversity in
... Evidence is accumulating that the structure and diversity of plant communities in a variety of ecosystems can be profoundly influenced by interactions with their natural enemies, such as pathogens and herbivores. In tropical forests, density-dependent or distancedependent „pest pressure‟ (sometimes ...
... Evidence is accumulating that the structure and diversity of plant communities in a variety of ecosystems can be profoundly influenced by interactions with their natural enemies, such as pathogens and herbivores. In tropical forests, density-dependent or distancedependent „pest pressure‟ (sometimes ...
CFLRP Species Selection Criteria
... requires some degree of inter-connected tree crowns for secure movement, and is an important food source for secondary consumers (key ecological function; KEF) particularly during winter when many other prey species migrate or hibernate and are unavailable to predators. The species has several addit ...
... requires some degree of inter-connected tree crowns for secure movement, and is an important food source for secondary consumers (key ecological function; KEF) particularly during winter when many other prey species migrate or hibernate and are unavailable to predators. The species has several addit ...
New Title - cloudfront.net
... an ecosystem are called biotic factors. These include the entire living cast of characters with which an organism might interact, including birds, trees, mushrooms, and bacteria—in other words, the ecological community. Biotic factors that influence a bullfrog, for example, might include the tiny pl ...
... an ecosystem are called biotic factors. These include the entire living cast of characters with which an organism might interact, including birds, trees, mushrooms, and bacteria—in other words, the ecological community. Biotic factors that influence a bullfrog, for example, might include the tiny pl ...
density factors - Dr. Richard Thomas: Introduction and Contact
... All organisms are constantly struggling for____________________________ __________________________. Remember, Darwinian Fitness is a measure of the ________________________success of an organism or population. There is not however one reproductive strategy that is always better than another Asexual ...
... All organisms are constantly struggling for____________________________ __________________________. Remember, Darwinian Fitness is a measure of the ________________________success of an organism or population. There is not however one reproductive strategy that is always better than another Asexual ...
Ecological Imperialism - San Ramon Valley High School
... • Europeans were able to conquer the New World and maintain control over it in large part because of certain environmental advantages—disease immunity, opportunistic plants and animals—that increased the limited cultural and technological advantages that the Europeans brought with them. ...
... • Europeans were able to conquer the New World and maintain control over it in large part because of certain environmental advantages—disease immunity, opportunistic plants and animals—that increased the limited cultural and technological advantages that the Europeans brought with them. ...
Protozoa Apicomplexa SarcomastigophoraCiliophora
... The coccidia have a complex life cycle that includes 3 sequential stages: endogenous merogony and gamogony followed by sporogony which is exogenous. This complexity resulted in various stages of the same coccidian species being described as different species, or even placed in different higher tax ...
... The coccidia have a complex life cycle that includes 3 sequential stages: endogenous merogony and gamogony followed by sporogony which is exogenous. This complexity resulted in various stages of the same coccidian species being described as different species, or even placed in different higher tax ...
Effect of trait variability on the dynamics of coupled, bi
... dynamics and functions. Several examples show that prey species can develop defended phenotypes to reduce predation and thus mortality. However, such defense mechanisms may come at considerable costs which pay off only in the presence of high predator densities, which may occur only temporally. Furt ...
... dynamics and functions. Several examples show that prey species can develop defended phenotypes to reduce predation and thus mortality. However, such defense mechanisms may come at considerable costs which pay off only in the presence of high predator densities, which may occur only temporally. Furt ...
Understanding (insect) species distributions across spatial scales
... to climatic and habitat gradients, active habitat selection and range shifts in response to changes in climate and/or habitat. Climate can constrain the ranges of species at large scales (i.e. from global to regional), while habitat-related variables seem to operate at landscape and local scales (Pe ...
... to climatic and habitat gradients, active habitat selection and range shifts in response to changes in climate and/or habitat. Climate can constrain the ranges of species at large scales (i.e. from global to regional), while habitat-related variables seem to operate at landscape and local scales (Pe ...
Distributions of Communities in time
... Bottom line – It is possible for communities to persist over a long time period due to stable environmental conditions (no climax/equilibrium language!). Since communities vary in time and space and cannot be classified. ...
... Bottom line – It is possible for communities to persist over a long time period due to stable environmental conditions (no climax/equilibrium language!). Since communities vary in time and space and cannot be classified. ...
Environmental Science
... Over time, a pioneer species will make the new area ________________________ for other species. A climax community is the final, ____________________________________ in equilibrium with the environment. Even though a climax community may change in ______________________________, this type of communi ...
... Over time, a pioneer species will make the new area ________________________ for other species. A climax community is the final, ____________________________________ in equilibrium with the environment. Even though a climax community may change in ______________________________, this type of communi ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.