1" 2" 3" Phylogenetic diversity promotes ecosystem stability 4" 5" 6
... The use of phylogenetic information to explain ecosystem function has, to date, used phylogenetic measures based on presence-absence only, thus ignoring measures that ...
... The use of phylogenetic information to explain ecosystem function has, to date, used phylogenetic measures based on presence-absence only, thus ignoring measures that ...
AQA A2 Level Biology Unit 4 Why do we calculate ratios or
... groups have different starting numbers/masses Why do we take a large sample size? more representative, findings not due to chance Why do we take random samples? avoid bias Why do we take repeats? identify anomalous results and calculate a reliable mean Why do we have controls? to see that what we ar ...
... groups have different starting numbers/masses Why do we take a large sample size? more representative, findings not due to chance Why do we take random samples? avoid bias Why do we take repeats? identify anomalous results and calculate a reliable mean Why do we have controls? to see that what we ar ...
Landscape structure, habitat fragmentation, and the ecology of insects
... caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria, outbreaks in Canada increases in response to forest fragmentation (Roland, 1993). Effects of fragmentation on both parasitoids (Roland & Taylor, 1997) and disease (Roland & Kaupp, 1995) have been implicated in their dynamics under landscape change. Finally, the age ...
... caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria, outbreaks in Canada increases in response to forest fragmentation (Roland, 1993). Effects of fragmentation on both parasitoids (Roland & Taylor, 1997) and disease (Roland & Kaupp, 1995) have been implicated in their dynamics under landscape change. Finally, the age ...
Species-level correlates of susceptibility to the pathogenic
... Our goal was to generate a model identifying species life history characteristics related to infection status. We used a machine-learning approach called Random Forest (RF; Breiman 2001). RF is a model averaging technique based on classification and regression trees. RF builds a large set of trees ( ...
... Our goal was to generate a model identifying species life history characteristics related to infection status. We used a machine-learning approach called Random Forest (RF; Breiman 2001). RF is a model averaging technique based on classification and regression trees. RF builds a large set of trees ( ...
HELCOM Red List Clangula hyemalis
... surveys indicated that the winter population of long-tailed ducks has undergone a dramatic decline from ca. 4 272 000 birds in 1988–1993 to 1 486 000 birds in 2007–2009, equivalent to 75% over three generations (1993–2014; 21 years, according to the Swedish Red List, Tjernberg & Svensson 2007). Henc ...
... surveys indicated that the winter population of long-tailed ducks has undergone a dramatic decline from ca. 4 272 000 birds in 1988–1993 to 1 486 000 birds in 2007–2009, equivalent to 75% over three generations (1993–2014; 21 years, according to the Swedish Red List, Tjernberg & Svensson 2007). Henc ...
Tom Young`s Wood - monaghantownbiodiversity.com
... friends time-out and contact with the natural world, promote public health, well-being and a better quality of life, and create a resource for people young and old to learn about nature and the environment. ...
... friends time-out and contact with the natural world, promote public health, well-being and a better quality of life, and create a resource for people young and old to learn about nature and the environment. ...
curriculum map
... - Compare and contrast how people use natural resources in sustainable and non-sustainable ways throughout the world. 4.1.10.E Analyze how humans influence the pattern of natural changes in ecosystems overtime. 4.4.7.A. - Describe how agricultural practices, the environment, and the availability of ...
... - Compare and contrast how people use natural resources in sustainable and non-sustainable ways throughout the world. 4.1.10.E Analyze how humans influence the pattern of natural changes in ecosystems overtime. 4.4.7.A. - Describe how agricultural practices, the environment, and the availability of ...
The beta-diversity of species interactions: Untangling the drivers of
... 6. What are the consequences of variability in interaction beta-diversity for ecosystem services? For example, few studies have compared how individual pollinator behavior (i.e., fidelity), plant–pollinator network structure, and pollination services vary across heterogeneous landscapes. Geographica ...
... 6. What are the consequences of variability in interaction beta-diversity for ecosystem services? For example, few studies have compared how individual pollinator behavior (i.e., fidelity), plant–pollinator network structure, and pollination services vary across heterogeneous landscapes. Geographica ...
How similar can co-occurring species be in the presence of
... arrival of new individuals (dispersal limitation) or the succession of local births and deaths (ecological drift) are events that inherently occur at random instants. Thus, the intrinsic discrete nature and randomness of ecological processes must be taken into account to have a reliable picture of c ...
... arrival of new individuals (dispersal limitation) or the succession of local births and deaths (ecological drift) are events that inherently occur at random instants. Thus, the intrinsic discrete nature and randomness of ecological processes must be taken into account to have a reliable picture of c ...
Macrotis lagotis - Department of Parks and Wildlife
... The Bilby is a nocturnal marsupial. They live in burrows during the day, and c an construct a bur row that may be up t o 3m long. Individuals do not construct nest chambers, and may use up t o a dozen or more burrows within their home range. The entrance is often against a termite mound, spinifex tu ...
... The Bilby is a nocturnal marsupial. They live in burrows during the day, and c an construct a bur row that may be up t o 3m long. Individuals do not construct nest chambers, and may use up t o a dozen or more burrows within their home range. The entrance is often against a termite mound, spinifex tu ...
Mona Island, Puerto Rico
... 1. MONA GROUN D IG UA N A Population numbers for the Mona Ground Iguana (ESA Threatened) are estimated at around 5,000. Juveniles are scarce and represent only 5 - 10% of the population, resulting in an aging and declining population. Feral cats and pigs present on the island are the main cause of ...
... 1. MONA GROUN D IG UA N A Population numbers for the Mona Ground Iguana (ESA Threatened) are estimated at around 5,000. Juveniles are scarce and represent only 5 - 10% of the population, resulting in an aging and declining population. Feral cats and pigs present on the island are the main cause of ...
Ecology and Ecosystems - Baltic University Programme
... exact form of natural history studies. Detailed knowledge of the autecology of species is now an important basis for the Red Data Books, which for each country assess the risk of extinction for plants, fungi and animals. The Red Data Books consist of expert judgements of the risk of extinction withi ...
... exact form of natural history studies. Detailed knowledge of the autecology of species is now an important basis for the Red Data Books, which for each country assess the risk of extinction for plants, fungi and animals. The Red Data Books consist of expert judgements of the risk of extinction withi ...
Understanding and confronting species uncertainty in biology and
... From a purely ontological perspective, entities are real things that have a location in space and time, and that can be acted upon or can change [36]. Entities have a different kind of existence than do categories, such as taxa, which have defining properties. To be clear, by way of a deliberate exa ...
... From a purely ontological perspective, entities are real things that have a location in space and time, and that can be acted upon or can change [36]. Entities have a different kind of existence than do categories, such as taxa, which have defining properties. To be clear, by way of a deliberate exa ...
A declining species has to be added to the official list of endangered
... begin fore years because of social or economic obstacles that need to be overcome, including lack of sufficient funding. Once consensus is reached on necessary recovery tasks, the unpredictable nature of ecological systems may produce unanticipated recovery task results, and new or modified approach ...
... begin fore years because of social or economic obstacles that need to be overcome, including lack of sufficient funding. Once consensus is reached on necessary recovery tasks, the unpredictable nature of ecological systems may produce unanticipated recovery task results, and new or modified approach ...
Shanna Faulkner
... that studies of dispersal, applied to this and other paradigms, must be done in a discriminating fashion, (Howe and Smallwood, 1982).” It was apparent, however, that Janzen’s influence on the ecological world was not diminished—Howe and Smallwood cited Janzen’s 1970 paper 6 times in their publicati ...
... that studies of dispersal, applied to this and other paradigms, must be done in a discriminating fashion, (Howe and Smallwood, 1982).” It was apparent, however, that Janzen’s influence on the ecological world was not diminished—Howe and Smallwood cited Janzen’s 1970 paper 6 times in their publicati ...
Modern lessons from ancient food webs
... Recent investigations into the structure and dynamics of past and contemporary food webs has shown that there is a certain fixedness in the patterns of species interactions, independent of species identity, habitat, and time. However, this fixed structure appears to be sensitive to external disturba ...
... Recent investigations into the structure and dynamics of past and contemporary food webs has shown that there is a certain fixedness in the patterns of species interactions, independent of species identity, habitat, and time. However, this fixed structure appears to be sensitive to external disturba ...
Lethal Interactions Between Parasites and Prey Increase Niche
... two plant species at this single site in Peru, we found 14 fly species (all Blepharoneura) and 18 parasitoid species (18) (figs. S1 to S7). Most parasitoids were braconid wasps in the subfamily Opiinae (17 species): 14 Bellopius species (n = 199 individuals), two Thiemanastrepha species (n = 50), an ...
... two plant species at this single site in Peru, we found 14 fly species (all Blepharoneura) and 18 parasitoid species (18) (figs. S1 to S7). Most parasitoids were braconid wasps in the subfamily Opiinae (17 species): 14 Bellopius species (n = 199 individuals), two Thiemanastrepha species (n = 50), an ...
Section 4-1 The Role of Climate (pages 87
... a. They generally weaken but do not kill their host. b. They obtain all or part of their nutritional needs from the host. c. They neither help nor harm the host. d. They are usually smaller than the host. ...
... a. They generally weaken but do not kill their host. b. They obtain all or part of their nutritional needs from the host. c. They neither help nor harm the host. d. They are usually smaller than the host. ...
Subsidized Island Biogeography Hypothesis: another new twist on
... species±area curve for those islands will decrease relative to A (B range in Fig. 1a, b). If plants are on the descending side of the P±D curve where richness decreases with increasing productivity, z for those islands will increase relative to A (C range in Fig. 1a, b). The degree to which the slop ...
... species±area curve for those islands will decrease relative to A (B range in Fig. 1a, b). If plants are on the descending side of the P±D curve where richness decreases with increasing productivity, z for those islands will increase relative to A (C range in Fig. 1a, b). The degree to which the slop ...
Bio112HW_Comm - Napa Valley College
... ____ 15. When populations of two different species interact over long periods of time, changes in the gene pool of one species can lead to changes in the gene pool of the other. This is called a. competition b. coevolution c. coincidence d. commensalism e. predation ____ 16. The weakest symbiotic at ...
... ____ 15. When populations of two different species interact over long periods of time, changes in the gene pool of one species can lead to changes in the gene pool of the other. This is called a. competition b. coevolution c. coincidence d. commensalism e. predation ____ 16. The weakest symbiotic at ...
Ecological and Evolutionary Limits to Species Geographic Ranges.
... whether range boundaries have been stable over long periods of time (Moeller et al. 2011). This requires good historical information from the fossil record on species distributions or studies of population genetics and phylogeography combined with climate reconstruction or, failing such information, ...
... whether range boundaries have been stable over long periods of time (Moeller et al. 2011). This requires good historical information from the fossil record on species distributions or studies of population genetics and phylogeography combined with climate reconstruction or, failing such information, ...
Zalophus wollebaeki, Galápagos Sea Lion
... water that they vociferously and aggressively defend. Male tenure on territories usually lasts from a few days to one month. Males may be more than once on territory during the drawn out reproductive period. Most copulations occur in the water. Pupping and breeding take place across an extended peri ...
... water that they vociferously and aggressively defend. Male tenure on territories usually lasts from a few days to one month. Males may be more than once on territory during the drawn out reproductive period. Most copulations occur in the water. Pupping and breeding take place across an extended peri ...
extinction-proneness of island species
... ABSTRACT.- After three centuries of anthropogenic insults, island species and communities are in the forefront of the precipitous decline in biodiversity that we face in the new millennium. The sorry plight of island biotas is often seen as resulting from an inherent weakness of island species, mani ...
... ABSTRACT.- After three centuries of anthropogenic insults, island species and communities are in the forefront of the precipitous decline in biodiversity that we face in the new millennium. The sorry plight of island biotas is often seen as resulting from an inherent weakness of island species, mani ...
Ecological Succession:
... Inhabit = to live in • For example: lichen – Lichen is fungi and algae living together in a mutually beneficial (symbiotic) relationship: – Algae = makes its own food and provides food for the fungi – Fungi = breaks down organic material and makes soil ...
... Inhabit = to live in • For example: lichen – Lichen is fungi and algae living together in a mutually beneficial (symbiotic) relationship: – Algae = makes its own food and provides food for the fungi – Fungi = breaks down organic material and makes soil ...
Author`s personal copy
... America are known to have dramatically altered the physical and biogeochemical properties of the soil and litter layer, to the detriment of many native herbs (Frelich et al. 2006). They are also believed to be responsible for some of the declines in tree seedling success (Hale et al. 2006), which me ...
... America are known to have dramatically altered the physical and biogeochemical properties of the soil and litter layer, to the detriment of many native herbs (Frelich et al. 2006). They are also believed to be responsible for some of the declines in tree seedling success (Hale et al. 2006), which me ...
Biodiversity action plan
This article is about a conservation biology topic. For other uses of BAP, see BAP (disambiguation).A biodiversity action plan (BAP) is an internationally recognized program addressing threatened species and habitats and is designed to protect and restore biological systems. The original impetus for these plans derives from the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). As of 2009, 191 countries have ratified the CBD, but only a fraction of these have developed substantive BAP documents.The principal elements of a BAP typically include: (a) preparing inventories of biological information for selected species or habitats; (b) assessing the conservation status of species within specified ecosystems; (c) creation of targets for conservation and restoration; and (d) establishing budgets, timelines and institutional partnerships for implementing the BAP.