The Editorial Committee of the Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution
... interactions. Over geological time scales, adaptive radiation, speciation and plate tectonics can ...
... interactions. Over geological time scales, adaptive radiation, speciation and plate tectonics can ...
Rossberg, A. G. (2012). Food webs. In A. Hastings
... The sheer amount of data that accurate quantitative descriptions of complete natural food webs would require dashes any hopes that such descriptions will become available in the foreseeable future. Each food-web data set is a compromise between accuracy and completeness, and different empiricists wi ...
... The sheer amount of data that accurate quantitative descriptions of complete natural food webs would require dashes any hopes that such descriptions will become available in the foreseeable future. Each food-web data set is a compromise between accuracy and completeness, and different empiricists wi ...
Biodiversity in the Cacao Agroecosystem
... diversity shade or even full sun systems. Meanwhile, small-scale farmers employing the most traditional technologies are struggling to survive low and fluctuating prices and the constant threat of disease and pests. An important question is how much shaded cacao farms can be altered in attempts to i ...
... diversity shade or even full sun systems. Meanwhile, small-scale farmers employing the most traditional technologies are struggling to survive low and fluctuating prices and the constant threat of disease and pests. An important question is how much shaded cacao farms can be altered in attempts to i ...
Networking Agroecology: Integrating the Diversity of Agroecosystem
... (but see Pocock et al., 2012). Simply reversing some of the processes of intensification, by reducing inputs, increasing landscape diversity and increasing on-farm plant diversity, might not be enough. For example, in a grassland experiment, plant diversity in plots that received high rates of nitro ...
... (but see Pocock et al., 2012). Simply reversing some of the processes of intensification, by reducing inputs, increasing landscape diversity and increasing on-farm plant diversity, might not be enough. For example, in a grassland experiment, plant diversity in plots that received high rates of nitro ...
Where less may be more: how the rare biosphere pulls
... Rare species are increasingly recognized as crucial, yet vulnerable components of Earth’s ecosystems. This is also true for microbial communities, which are typically composed of a high number of relatively rare species. Recent studies have demonstrated that rare species can have an over-proportiona ...
... Rare species are increasingly recognized as crucial, yet vulnerable components of Earth’s ecosystems. This is also true for microbial communities, which are typically composed of a high number of relatively rare species. Recent studies have demonstrated that rare species can have an over-proportiona ...
Conservation approaches and development of local communities in
... complex tangle of conflicting issues: human rights versus the protection of animals and forests, the exclusion of all humans from protected areas versus the possibility of human coexistence with wildlife and the exclusive state control over protected areas versu ...
... complex tangle of conflicting issues: human rights versus the protection of animals and forests, the exclusion of all humans from protected areas versus the possibility of human coexistence with wildlife and the exclusive state control over protected areas versu ...
Mt Gibson Endangered Wildlife Restoration Project
... frogs and 45% of our bird species are found only in Australia. However, Australia’s record of protecting its remarkable fauna and flora is poor. ...
... frogs and 45% of our bird species are found only in Australia. However, Australia’s record of protecting its remarkable fauna and flora is poor. ...
Florida Envirothon Study Packet Wildlife Section
... understanding of wildlife biology as a whole. The packet will be the most useful if students first focus on grasping the general principles of wildlife science, then apply these principles to specific problems related to individual species and situations. The section on natural histories depicts the ...
... understanding of wildlife biology as a whole. The packet will be the most useful if students first focus on grasping the general principles of wildlife science, then apply these principles to specific problems related to individual species and situations. The section on natural histories depicts the ...
Resource Partitioning among Five Agrobiont Spiders of a Rice
... measure in the field. Several studies reported that niche overlap indicates current competition in species and also indicates whether competition was present or absent among these species in the past (Schoener 1974). If resources are not in short supply, 2 organisms can share them without detriment ...
... measure in the field. Several studies reported that niche overlap indicates current competition in species and also indicates whether competition was present or absent among these species in the past (Schoener 1974). If resources are not in short supply, 2 organisms can share them without detriment ...
sampling design - Herbivory Network
... more than 5 km apart would be considered different study areas); study area is, broadly, the place where you conduct your research. Within each study area, sampling will focus on the most dominant, typical habitat type (i.e. zonal habitat, sensu CAVM: areas where the vegetation develops under the pr ...
... more than 5 km apart would be considered different study areas); study area is, broadly, the place where you conduct your research. Within each study area, sampling will focus on the most dominant, typical habitat type (i.e. zonal habitat, sensu CAVM: areas where the vegetation develops under the pr ...
Assessing the Biodiversity of Insects at Litzsinger Road Ecology
... million described species (Gullan and Cranston 2005). However, these numbers represent less than the actual species richness of insects (Gullan and Cranston 2005). There are many species left for taxonomists to describe. Assessing the biodiversity of insects is of vast importance. Insects are crucia ...
... million described species (Gullan and Cranston 2005). However, these numbers represent less than the actual species richness of insects (Gullan and Cranston 2005). There are many species left for taxonomists to describe. Assessing the biodiversity of insects is of vast importance. Insects are crucia ...
Nevada Wildlife Action Plan - Nevada Department of Wildlife
... implemented a highly successful transplant program since the 1980s, utilizing capture/relocation techniques supported by an aggressive water development program. Pronghorn are currently enjoying a population boom in positive response to changes in range condition that are shifting from overall shrub ...
... implemented a highly successful transplant program since the 1980s, utilizing capture/relocation techniques supported by an aggressive water development program. Pronghorn are currently enjoying a population boom in positive response to changes in range condition that are shifting from overall shrub ...
Factors influencing in mangroves biodiversity and distributional
... There are twenty-eight genera in total (Table 1) seventeen are exclusively mangrove. There are thirteen polyspecific mangrove genera comprising up to eight species in some, not counting putative hybrids. This relatively low genetic diversity may reflect difficult conditions found in intertidal envir ...
... There are twenty-eight genera in total (Table 1) seventeen are exclusively mangrove. There are thirteen polyspecific mangrove genera comprising up to eight species in some, not counting putative hybrids. This relatively low genetic diversity may reflect difficult conditions found in intertidal envir ...
Projected condition - The Department of State Development
... impacts of climate effects and poor water quality. The impacts of poor water quality are more pronounced in the southern inshore area of the GBR, compared with the northern and offshore areas. Previous clearing and modification of the catchments has also had an impact on inshore functionality, parti ...
... impacts of climate effects and poor water quality. The impacts of poor water quality are more pronounced in the southern inshore area of the GBR, compared with the northern and offshore areas. Previous clearing and modification of the catchments has also had an impact on inshore functionality, parti ...
Community and ecosystem effects of intraspecific genetic diversity in
... indirectly influence composition and functioning by altering the nature of interactions between species. For example, there is now considerable evidence that the nature and intensity of competition between species is genotype-dependent (Turkington and Harper 1979, Kelley and Clay 1987, Taylor and Aar ...
... indirectly influence composition and functioning by altering the nature of interactions between species. For example, there is now considerable evidence that the nature and intensity of competition between species is genotype-dependent (Turkington and Harper 1979, Kelley and Clay 1987, Taylor and Aar ...
McPeek, M. A. 2008. Ecological factors limiting the
... may either enter a diapause phase to pass through harsh environmental conditions (e.g. many Lestes species in temporary ponds have diapausing eggs to pass through periods of pond drying) or begin developing immediately. After hatching, individuals emerge as aquatic or semi-aquatic larvae. Individual ...
... may either enter a diapause phase to pass through harsh environmental conditions (e.g. many Lestes species in temporary ponds have diapausing eggs to pass through periods of pond drying) or begin developing immediately. After hatching, individuals emerge as aquatic or semi-aquatic larvae. Individual ...
On size and area: Patterns of mammalian body size extremes
... hypothesis is that the pattern is the result of sampling artefacts, which we call the `statistical artefact hypothesis'. Our second hypothesis is that body size aects the number of individuals which a particular species can pack in a given area, and which leads to the pattern. We call this the `are ...
... hypothesis is that the pattern is the result of sampling artefacts, which we call the `statistical artefact hypothesis'. Our second hypothesis is that body size aects the number of individuals which a particular species can pack in a given area, and which leads to the pattern. We call this the `are ...
Zooplankton Diversity Indices: Assessment of an Ox
... be 520, 440 and 125 numbers per liter of lake water respectively during pre monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon in the Oxbow Lake. Variations are shown in figure-1. Figure -2 demonstrate variation in different diversity indices of zooplankton during all three seasons in the oxbow lake. Rotiferans form ...
... be 520, 440 and 125 numbers per liter of lake water respectively during pre monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon in the Oxbow Lake. Variations are shown in figure-1. Figure -2 demonstrate variation in different diversity indices of zooplankton during all three seasons in the oxbow lake. Rotiferans form ...
3. Ecosystems Booklet TN
... DO NOT CREDIT disease alone, must be linked to larger squirrel population (c) species richness and evenness decrease; ora (richness) 29 → 26 (species); (evenness) large numbers of, 2/some, species, but, low numbers/none, of other species; ACCEPT they both, decrease/decline/fall or they were higher a ...
... DO NOT CREDIT disease alone, must be linked to larger squirrel population (c) species richness and evenness decrease; ora (richness) 29 → 26 (species); (evenness) large numbers of, 2/some, species, but, low numbers/none, of other species; ACCEPT they both, decrease/decline/fall or they were higher a ...
Common Wall Lizard (Podarcis muralis) - GB non
... Consider only the risks (i.e. the chance and severity of a hazard occurring) posed by a species. They do not consider the practicalities, impacts or other issues relating to the management of the species. They also only consider only the negative impacts of the species, they do not consider any po ...
... Consider only the risks (i.e. the chance and severity of a hazard occurring) posed by a species. They do not consider the practicalities, impacts or other issues relating to the management of the species. They also only consider only the negative impacts of the species, they do not consider any po ...
Evolution of weaponry in female bovids
... Antipredator defences in animals fall into two exclusive categories: (i) crypsis or (ii) defence against predatory attack, which can be active or passive as in the case of aposematism (Poulton 1890). In birds and mammals, including bovids ( Jarman 1974), crypsis is enhanced in small species that can ...
... Antipredator defences in animals fall into two exclusive categories: (i) crypsis or (ii) defence against predatory attack, which can be active or passive as in the case of aposematism (Poulton 1890). In birds and mammals, including bovids ( Jarman 1974), crypsis is enhanced in small species that can ...
Three selected ecological observations interpreted in
... If a system receives a throughflow of exergy (a) the system will utilise this exergy flow to move away from thermodynamic equilibrium, and (b) if more than one pathway is available to achieve this, the one yielding most stored exergy (measured in J m 2 or J m 3) by the prevailing conditions, i.e. w ...
... If a system receives a throughflow of exergy (a) the system will utilise this exergy flow to move away from thermodynamic equilibrium, and (b) if more than one pathway is available to achieve this, the one yielding most stored exergy (measured in J m 2 or J m 3) by the prevailing conditions, i.e. w ...
Effects of Urbanization on the North American Cougar
... avoidance must be looked at to determine whether or not fencing should be constructed (Jaeger and Fahrig 2004). Wildlife crossings can be small or large projects and may end up being very costly. With the risk of building major crossings that may not be utilized by mammals, it is an obvious case to ...
... avoidance must be looked at to determine whether or not fencing should be constructed (Jaeger and Fahrig 2004). Wildlife crossings can be small or large projects and may end up being very costly. With the risk of building major crossings that may not be utilized by mammals, it is an obvious case to ...
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... The vision of the Vermont Biodiversity Project is to maintain ecological integrity in a manner that insures the long-term viability of all native species and natural community types in Vermont within their natural ranges The Vermont Biodiversity Project established specific conservation goals for bi ...
... The vision of the Vermont Biodiversity Project is to maintain ecological integrity in a manner that insures the long-term viability of all native species and natural community types in Vermont within their natural ranges The Vermont Biodiversity Project established specific conservation goals for bi ...
The Effect of Recycling on Plant Competitive Hierarchies
... hypothesis that plant litter is an important component of plant fitness (Berendse 1994). Thorough analysis of the conditions required for such positive feedback to exist has never been presented. Here we present a model of N cycling and plant competition and investigate the conditions that can lead ...
... hypothesis that plant litter is an important component of plant fitness (Berendse 1994). Thorough analysis of the conditions required for such positive feedback to exist has never been presented. Here we present a model of N cycling and plant competition and investigate the conditions that can lead ...
Biodiversity action plan
This article is about a conservation biology topic. For other uses of BAP, see BAP (disambiguation).A biodiversity action plan (BAP) is an internationally recognized program addressing threatened species and habitats and is designed to protect and restore biological systems. The original impetus for these plans derives from the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). As of 2009, 191 countries have ratified the CBD, but only a fraction of these have developed substantive BAP documents.The principal elements of a BAP typically include: (a) preparing inventories of biological information for selected species or habitats; (b) assessing the conservation status of species within specified ecosystems; (c) creation of targets for conservation and restoration; and (d) establishing budgets, timelines and institutional partnerships for implementing the BAP.