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Comparing impacts of invasive plants and animals using a
... Impacts through competition with livestock, transmission of diseases or parasites to livestock and predation of livestock. Intoxication of livestock through changes in food palatability, secondary plant compounds or toxins, weakening or injuring livestock, e.g. by stinging or biting. Also impacts on ...
... Impacts through competition with livestock, transmission of diseases or parasites to livestock and predation of livestock. Intoxication of livestock through changes in food palatability, secondary plant compounds or toxins, weakening or injuring livestock, e.g. by stinging or biting. Also impacts on ...
Impacts of introduced predatory fishes in Ontario lakes: Assessing
... No difference in effect of native or introduced littoral predators on native minnow presence (Whittier et al. 1997) ...
... No difference in effect of native or introduced littoral predators on native minnow presence (Whittier et al. 1997) ...
Few Ant Species Play a Central Role Linking Different Plant
... as ants can play distinct functional roles simultaneously [13]. Many ants are considered herbivorous, with most of their food coming directly or indirectly from plants [14]. Most well-studied interactions between ants and plants are putatively mutualistic, with plants providing shelter (e.g., nestin ...
... as ants can play distinct functional roles simultaneously [13]. Many ants are considered herbivorous, with most of their food coming directly or indirectly from plants [14]. Most well-studied interactions between ants and plants are putatively mutualistic, with plants providing shelter (e.g., nestin ...
第八週
... – Biological control viewed by some (cont.). • Is this the best strategy? – Intensive competition for the prey leads to lower effectiveness of the biological agents – Greater population establishment rate with fewer enemy species (Figure 1 for Box 1) ...
... – Biological control viewed by some (cont.). • Is this the best strategy? – Intensive competition for the prey leads to lower effectiveness of the biological agents – Greater population establishment rate with fewer enemy species (Figure 1 for Box 1) ...
Leaf-Cutting Ant Herbivory in Successional and Agricultural
... experimental ecosystems established as part of the re? search project. The latter ranged from monocultures to ecosystems even more diverse than successional vegetation. Atta cephalotes, a member ofthe myrmicine fungusgrowing tribe Attini, is a conspicuous, widespread her? bivore whose populations in ...
... experimental ecosystems established as part of the re? search project. The latter ranged from monocultures to ecosystems even more diverse than successional vegetation. Atta cephalotes, a member ofthe myrmicine fungusgrowing tribe Attini, is a conspicuous, widespread her? bivore whose populations in ...
Wildlife Document - Manitoba Forestry Association
... Wildlife is defined as animals that are undomesticated and most commonly free-living. They include more than just the mammals and birds living in a wilderness area. Every form of virus, soil organisms, insect, no matter where it lives, is a wild species. The basic habitat needs of food, water, cover ...
... Wildlife is defined as animals that are undomesticated and most commonly free-living. They include more than just the mammals and birds living in a wilderness area. Every form of virus, soil organisms, insect, no matter where it lives, is a wild species. The basic habitat needs of food, water, cover ...
Species Composition of Nebraska`s Freshwater Gastropod Fauna: A
... (Newbold et al. 1983, Richardson et al. 1988, Brown 2001). These important ecosystem components are in a conservation crisis. The non-marine mollusks collectively are thought be one of the most threatened groups of organisms (Lydeard et al. 2004). Freshwater snails specifically head the list of endan ...
... (Newbold et al. 1983, Richardson et al. 1988, Brown 2001). These important ecosystem components are in a conservation crisis. The non-marine mollusks collectively are thought be one of the most threatened groups of organisms (Lydeard et al. 2004). Freshwater snails specifically head the list of endan ...
The effects of UVB radiation on southern temperate forests
... School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand ...
... School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand ...
Flexible filter feeders van Walraven, Lodewijk
... Coenen in 1577−1581 (Egmond, 2005). In his book Coenen includes drawings of several species of jellyfish which he calls “zeenetels”, sea-nettles in Dutch. Coenen mentions jellyfish as being “useless creatures” whose bad-smelling corpses were thrown on the beaches and who clogged up fishermen’s net b ...
... Coenen in 1577−1581 (Egmond, 2005). In his book Coenen includes drawings of several species of jellyfish which he calls “zeenetels”, sea-nettles in Dutch. Coenen mentions jellyfish as being “useless creatures” whose bad-smelling corpses were thrown on the beaches and who clogged up fishermen’s net b ...
A Cultural Niche Construction Theory of Initial
... theory (e.g., Kennett and Winterhalder 2006; Piperno 2006, 2011), are based on a ‘‘unidirectional’’ definition of adaptation that was the consensus within evolutionary theory up through the 1970s and still dominates today. According to this traditional definition, adaptation is a one-way street in w ...
... theory (e.g., Kennett and Winterhalder 2006; Piperno 2006, 2011), are based on a ‘‘unidirectional’’ definition of adaptation that was the consensus within evolutionary theory up through the 1970s and still dominates today. According to this traditional definition, adaptation is a one-way street in w ...
Positive interactions in ecology: filling the fundamental niche
... 1997). Therefore, while blood-root might be filling a greater portion of its fundamental niche than before the introduction of RIFA, the range of the conditions that predicted its fundamental niche has not changed. The spread of exotic species often results in physical alteration of existing habitat ...
... 1997). Therefore, while blood-root might be filling a greater portion of its fundamental niche than before the introduction of RIFA, the range of the conditions that predicted its fundamental niche has not changed. The spread of exotic species often results in physical alteration of existing habitat ...
Translocation strategies for multiple species depend on interspecific
... Predator-free areas are scarce and expensive to create (Bode and Wintle 2010), and the increasing number of threatened species encourages managers to move competing species into the same reserves. In New Zealand, three threatened reptile species, Sphenodon punctatus, Hoplodactylus duvaucelii, and O ...
... Predator-free areas are scarce and expensive to create (Bode and Wintle 2010), and the increasing number of threatened species encourages managers to move competing species into the same reserves. In New Zealand, three threatened reptile species, Sphenodon punctatus, Hoplodactylus duvaucelii, and O ...
Competition
... • When the two species occur together, G. fuliginosa has a much narrower beak that G fortis. Sympatric populations of G fuliginosa eats smaller seeds than G fortis: they partition the resource. • When found on separate islands, both species have beaks of intermediate size, and exploit a wider variet ...
... • When the two species occur together, G. fuliginosa has a much narrower beak that G fortis. Sympatric populations of G fuliginosa eats smaller seeds than G fortis: they partition the resource. • When found on separate islands, both species have beaks of intermediate size, and exploit a wider variet ...
10/4 version of Chapter3
... the plants alter, by reaction, their own environment. However, stabilising forces do exist, and aspects of ...
... the plants alter, by reaction, their own environment. However, stabilising forces do exist, and aspects of ...
fire and nonnative invasive plants
... seed dispersal, which deposits seed on the ground and may make it less vulnerable to fire (Kan and Pollak 2000; Major and others 1960). Destroying Seeds in the Litter and Soil—Grassland and surface fires may kill seed in the litter layer (Daubenmire 1968a; DeBano and others 2005, review), but it i ...
... seed dispersal, which deposits seed on the ground and may make it less vulnerable to fire (Kan and Pollak 2000; Major and others 1960). Destroying Seeds in the Litter and Soil—Grassland and surface fires may kill seed in the litter layer (Daubenmire 1968a; DeBano and others 2005, review), but it i ...
Historical contingency in species interactions: towards nichebased
... effects, where the order in which species arrive at local sites dictates the effect of species on one another (Gleason 1926; Lewontin 1969; MacArthur 1972; Gilpin & Case 1976; Drake 1991; Chase & Leibold 2003; Fukami & Morin 2003; Petraitis 2013). In many cases, species arrival order is highly stoch ...
... effects, where the order in which species arrive at local sites dictates the effect of species on one another (Gleason 1926; Lewontin 1969; MacArthur 1972; Gilpin & Case 1976; Drake 1991; Chase & Leibold 2003; Fukami & Morin 2003; Petraitis 2013). In many cases, species arrival order is highly stoch ...
CHARACTERIZATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS AND
... Temperature The temperature in the tide pools ranged between 6-20 °C. The temperature decreased significantly between September and November. The temperature at high tide varied most from the open water temperature (Figure1). Temperature was affected by the solar radiation, air temperature and rock ...
... Temperature The temperature in the tide pools ranged between 6-20 °C. The temperature decreased significantly between September and November. The temperature at high tide varied most from the open water temperature (Figure1). Temperature was affected by the solar radiation, air temperature and rock ...
Habitat Features Determine the Basking Distribution of
... Native to the eastern United States, T. s. elegans is the most widely introduced reptile on earth, primarily as a result of the release of pet trade turtles (Kraus 2009). It is on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Invasive Species Specialist Group’s ‘‘100 of the World’s Worst In ...
... Native to the eastern United States, T. s. elegans is the most widely introduced reptile on earth, primarily as a result of the release of pet trade turtles (Kraus 2009). It is on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Invasive Species Specialist Group’s ‘‘100 of the World’s Worst In ...
1 - Biology Department | UNC Chapel Hill
... Pioneer species ............................................................................................................................ 8 ...
... Pioneer species ............................................................................................................................ 8 ...
Interactions among invaders: community and ecosystem effects of
... underscored by the increasing number and rate of freshwater invasions, the high endemicity of freshwater ecosystems, and the importance of freshwater for human health and the economy. Despite recent progress in invasion biology, a more complete understanding of invader impacts and the mechanisms thr ...
... underscored by the increasing number and rate of freshwater invasions, the high endemicity of freshwater ecosystems, and the importance of freshwater for human health and the economy. Despite recent progress in invasion biology, a more complete understanding of invader impacts and the mechanisms thr ...
The impact of predation by introduced mammals on
... The avifauna of New Zealand has been severely depleted since human colonisation and currently contains a disproportionately high number of threatened species. Of the 23 threatened shorebird species worldwide, six are endemic to New Zealand. We review the status of New Zealand's endemic shorebirds an ...
... The avifauna of New Zealand has been severely depleted since human colonisation and currently contains a disproportionately high number of threatened species. Of the 23 threatened shorebird species worldwide, six are endemic to New Zealand. We review the status of New Zealand's endemic shorebirds an ...
A Three-Way Trade-Off Maintains Functional Diversity under
... extremes of adaptation, it is reasonable to posit a threeway trade-off between fast growth, competitive ability, and ability to store nutrients. We refer to this proposed mutual constraint as a velocity-affinity-storage trade-off. Our goal in this study is twofold: first to test for potential trade- ...
... extremes of adaptation, it is reasonable to posit a threeway trade-off between fast growth, competitive ability, and ability to store nutrients. We refer to this proposed mutual constraint as a velocity-affinity-storage trade-off. Our goal in this study is twofold: first to test for potential trade- ...
Christchurch - New Zealand Ecological Society
... Society has been the relative strengths of these roles. Peter Bull in his Presidential address at the 25th Jubilee, reflected on this and warned the Society against equating the science of ecology (and the function of the Society) with conservation and the environmental lobby. He thought the Society ...
... Society has been the relative strengths of these roles. Peter Bull in his Presidential address at the 25th Jubilee, reflected on this and warned the Society against equating the science of ecology (and the function of the Society) with conservation and the environmental lobby. He thought the Society ...
Energy, Density, and Constraints to Species Richness: Ant
... factors have been linked, not just to plant productivity, but to the ability of consumers to harvest productivity (Andrewartha and Birch 1954). However, we know of no studies of taxon density along the terrestrial productivity gradient, nor any that dissected the impact of productivity on taxon dens ...
... factors have been linked, not just to plant productivity, but to the ability of consumers to harvest productivity (Andrewartha and Birch 1954). However, we know of no studies of taxon density along the terrestrial productivity gradient, nor any that dissected the impact of productivity on taxon dens ...
1 Introduction
... the plants alter, by reaction, their own environment. However, stabilising forces do exist, and aspects of ...
... the plants alter, by reaction, their own environment. However, stabilising forces do exist, and aspects of ...
Introduced species
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Melilotus_alba_bgiu.jpg?width=300)
An introduced, alien, exotic, non-indigenous, or non-native species, or simply an introduction, is a species living outside its native distributional range, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental. Non-native species can have various effects on the local ecosystem. Introduced species that become established and spread beyond the place of introduction are called invasive species. Some have a negative effect on a local ecosystem. Some introduced species may have no negative effect or only minor impact. Some species have been introduced intentionally to combat pests. They are called biocontrols and may be regarded as beneficial as an alternative to pesticides in agriculture for example. In some instances the potential for being beneficial or detrimental in the long run remains unknown. A list of some introduced species is given in a separate article.The effects of introduced species on natural environments have gained much scrutiny from scientists, governments, farmers and others.