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Effects of tree species diversity on insect herbivory
... It is generally believed that tree species growing in mixed forest stands are less susceptible to insect herbivore damage than if grown in monocultures, but previous studies have been largely observational and focussed mainly on tree species richness effects. In this thesis, I examined effects of th ...
... It is generally believed that tree species growing in mixed forest stands are less susceptible to insect herbivore damage than if grown in monocultures, but previous studies have been largely observational and focussed mainly on tree species richness effects. In this thesis, I examined effects of th ...
Ecosystems - Environmental
... Organisms; any form of life Populations Same species living in the same area ...
... Organisms; any form of life Populations Same species living in the same area ...
Limiting Similarity Revisited
... Interim Reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. All rights reserved. ...
... Interim Reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. All rights reserved. ...
OIKOS Finland conference for Ecologists and Evolutionary Biologists
... 10.45 – 11.00 Carita Lindstedt-Kareksela (University of Jyväskylä), Sex-linked deception in costly cooperative antipredator defence in social pinesawfly 11.00 – 11.15 Emily Burdfield-Steel (University of Jyväskylä), Safety in numbers? How colour morph frequency affects predation risk in an aposemati ...
... 10.45 – 11.00 Carita Lindstedt-Kareksela (University of Jyväskylä), Sex-linked deception in costly cooperative antipredator defence in social pinesawfly 11.00 – 11.15 Emily Burdfield-Steel (University of Jyväskylä), Safety in numbers? How colour morph frequency affects predation risk in an aposemati ...
do similar communities develop in similar sites? a test
... sites due to historical factors (colonization, disturbance, etc.). We asked ‘‘Do similar zooplankton communities develop in similar ponds?’’ We compared zooplankton community structure and function in 12 newly constructed experimental ponds during 1 yr of natural colonization and analyzed a suite of ...
... sites due to historical factors (colonization, disturbance, etc.). We asked ‘‘Do similar zooplankton communities develop in similar ponds?’’ We compared zooplankton community structure and function in 12 newly constructed experimental ponds during 1 yr of natural colonization and analyzed a suite of ...
Who Resembles Whom? Mimetic and Coincidental Look
... (dangerous or beneficial) species; Mullerian mimicry: multiple dangerous species evolve a common appearance that reduces predation risks to all; and Social (or Schooling) mimicry: a mimic gains protection from predators through its inconspicuousness within schools of an unprotected model. The object ...
... (dangerous or beneficial) species; Mullerian mimicry: multiple dangerous species evolve a common appearance that reduces predation risks to all; and Social (or Schooling) mimicry: a mimic gains protection from predators through its inconspicuousness within schools of an unprotected model. The object ...
ocean climate indicators status report – 2013
... 2009. Adult krill, which are larger and higher in lipid content than their younger counterparts, dominate the zooplankton samples during cold water years, including 2013; however, the percentage of adult stages appears to be declining since mid2010. The top-level predators in our region are represen ...
... 2009. Adult krill, which are larger and higher in lipid content than their younger counterparts, dominate the zooplankton samples during cold water years, including 2013; however, the percentage of adult stages appears to be declining since mid2010. The top-level predators in our region are represen ...
Survey of Seeps and Springs within the Bureau of Land
... SS-Q (Pepper Spring) ........................................................................................................................... 81 SS-R (Korn Cabin Spring).................................................................................................................... 84 SS-S (Br ...
... SS-Q (Pepper Spring) ........................................................................................................................... 81 SS-R (Korn Cabin Spring).................................................................................................................... 84 SS-S (Br ...
... (Kephart and Buxton, 1993; Carlson et al., 1996). It produces dense crowns and prominent networks of vigorous underground rhizomes, allowing for aggressive vegetative spread (Coops et al., 1996; Katterer and Andren, 1999). Panicles are 7 to 40 cm long, bearing wingless glumes that contain both ferti ...
Sex and Aggregation-Sex Pheromones of Cerambycid Beetles
... provided no evidence of even the slightest attraction. In all four cases, the compounds are produced sex specifically by males, and their structures are identical to common pheromone components of related species, so it seems unlikely that the compounds might be, for example, defensive compounds ins ...
... provided no evidence of even the slightest attraction. In all four cases, the compounds are produced sex specifically by males, and their structures are identical to common pheromone components of related species, so it seems unlikely that the compounds might be, for example, defensive compounds ins ...
Effects of body size and resource availability on
... californica Haldeman (native) and Batillaria attramentaria Sowerby (non-indigenous) to investigate how resource levels set by intraspecific competition may influence dispersal rates. I used two distinct size classes of the snails (mature and immature) to determine if the effects of competition on di ...
... californica Haldeman (native) and Batillaria attramentaria Sowerby (non-indigenous) to investigate how resource levels set by intraspecific competition may influence dispersal rates. I used two distinct size classes of the snails (mature and immature) to determine if the effects of competition on di ...
A new Subgenus of Giant Snakes (Anaconda) from
... Received 12 February 2012, Accepted 4 April 2012, Published 30 April 2012. ...
... Received 12 February 2012, Accepted 4 April 2012, Published 30 April 2012. ...
Habitat alteration and community-level effects of an exotic mussel
... assemblages in many ways. Commonly considered mechanisms by which exotics affect other species include competition, predation, parasitism, and alterations of food webs or nutrient cycling (Vitousek 1990, Williamson 1996). Considered much less frequently are the effects of habitat-modifying species, ...
... assemblages in many ways. Commonly considered mechanisms by which exotics affect other species include competition, predation, parasitism, and alterations of food webs or nutrient cycling (Vitousek 1990, Williamson 1996). Considered much less frequently are the effects of habitat-modifying species, ...
invasion of smooth brome into north american tall
... smooth brome was a dominant competitor under all habitats and soil conditions except in areas where soil salinity levels were highest. Results from an herbivore study indicated that smooth brome has the potential to have negative effects on local herbivore assemblages. Despite the large differences ...
... smooth brome was a dominant competitor under all habitats and soil conditions except in areas where soil salinity levels were highest. Results from an herbivore study indicated that smooth brome has the potential to have negative effects on local herbivore assemblages. Despite the large differences ...
Ameiurus natalis (Lesueur, 1819) - CIRCABC
... oxygen concentration, elevated temperatures and a range of pH values”. The black bullhead has been ranked in several European countries/regions as representing a high risk of being invasive, including Belgium, Iberia and the UK but medium risk in Finland. This invasiveness is demonstrated in some co ...
... oxygen concentration, elevated temperatures and a range of pH values”. The black bullhead has been ranked in several European countries/regions as representing a high risk of being invasive, including Belgium, Iberia and the UK but medium risk in Finland. This invasiveness is demonstrated in some co ...
Invertebrate herbivory, plant diversity and ecosystem processes in
... that the number of insect families increased steadily and ± independently from the appearance of angiosperms. Tr, Triassic; J, Jurassic; K, Cretaceous; T, Tertiary. (redrawn after Labandeira and Sepkoski 1993) ...
... that the number of insect families increased steadily and ± independently from the appearance of angiosperms. Tr, Triassic; J, Jurassic; K, Cretaceous; T, Tertiary. (redrawn after Labandeira and Sepkoski 1993) ...
Ecological Differentiation in a Hybridizing Cryptic Species Complex By Patrick William Turko
... permanent and ephemeral freshwater lakes and pools. They are filter feeders, subsisting on algae, bacteria, and small protists, and thus are an important trophic link between aquatic primary consumers and higher trophic levels such as fish and insect larvae. Their distribution is worldwide. They hav ...
... permanent and ephemeral freshwater lakes and pools. They are filter feeders, subsisting on algae, bacteria, and small protists, and thus are an important trophic link between aquatic primary consumers and higher trophic levels such as fish and insect larvae. Their distribution is worldwide. They hav ...
Investigating a Competitive Two Species System that Produces
... depending on their most limited resource (Tilman, 1990). Each species could allocate different portions of its limited energy to the organs responsible for satisfying exploitation of; soil resources, sunlight and germination site or developing resistance to herbivory. The species that allocates more ...
... depending on their most limited resource (Tilman, 1990). Each species could allocate different portions of its limited energy to the organs responsible for satisfying exploitation of; soil resources, sunlight and germination site or developing resistance to herbivory. The species that allocates more ...
Landscape connectivity analysis for conservation
... Recent improved graph-based metrics for the integration of connectivity in conservation planning were developed based on the concept of measuring habitat availability (reachability) at the landscape scale (Pascual-Hortal and Saura 2006; Saura and Pascual-Hortal 2007; Saura and Rubio 2010). This conc ...
... Recent improved graph-based metrics for the integration of connectivity in conservation planning were developed based on the concept of measuring habitat availability (reachability) at the landscape scale (Pascual-Hortal and Saura 2006; Saura and Pascual-Hortal 2007; Saura and Rubio 2010). This conc ...
Population-Wide Changes in Pinyon-Juniper Woodlands Caused by
... distribution of live trees. For example, in the pre-drought period, live trees >25 cm in diameter accounted for 21.6% of all trees measured, while 37.6% of mortality trees were >25 cm in diameter. In the post-drought period, live trees >25 cm in diameter accounted for 25.1% of all trees measured, wh ...
... distribution of live trees. For example, in the pre-drought period, live trees >25 cm in diameter accounted for 21.6% of all trees measured, while 37.6% of mortality trees were >25 cm in diameter. In the post-drought period, live trees >25 cm in diameter accounted for 25.1% of all trees measured, wh ...
Zoology 100/101 Lecture Study Guide
... 45. Describe meiosis and its role in nature. 46. Describe sexual reproduction and the role of mitosis and meiosis in sexual reproduction. 47. Why does sexual reproduction seem to be important to the survival of species? 48. If a 20n cell (one with 20 sets of chromosomes) underwent mitosis, what woul ...
... 45. Describe meiosis and its role in nature. 46. Describe sexual reproduction and the role of mitosis and meiosis in sexual reproduction. 47. Why does sexual reproduction seem to be important to the survival of species? 48. If a 20n cell (one with 20 sets of chromosomes) underwent mitosis, what woul ...
predation risk affects relative strength of top-down
... al. 1997, Polis et al. 1998, Forkner and Hunter 2000, Denno et al. 2002). Moreover, interactions among species at higher trophic levels such as omnivory, intraguild predation, and predator facilitation can either moderate or enhance top-down impacts (Moran et al. 1996, Fagan 1997, Losey and Denno 19 ...
... al. 1997, Polis et al. 1998, Forkner and Hunter 2000, Denno et al. 2002). Moreover, interactions among species at higher trophic levels such as omnivory, intraguild predation, and predator facilitation can either moderate or enhance top-down impacts (Moran et al. 1996, Fagan 1997, Losey and Denno 19 ...
Life 9e - Garvness
... Textbook Reference: 56.1 What Types of Interactions Do Ecologists Study? Page: 1188 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 12. Coevolutionary “arms races” are usually the result of a. amensalism. b. responses to abiotic conditions. c. reciprocal adaptations. d. commensalism. e. None of the above Answer: c ...
... Textbook Reference: 56.1 What Types of Interactions Do Ecologists Study? Page: 1188 Bloom’s Category: 1. Remembering 12. Coevolutionary “arms races” are usually the result of a. amensalism. b. responses to abiotic conditions. c. reciprocal adaptations. d. commensalism. e. None of the above Answer: c ...
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library
... consumed by facultative scavengers, represented by large mammalian carnivores, rather than by obligate scavengers (i.e. vultures). Scavenging network nestedness tended to be higher at larger carcasses, and nestedness was sensitive to the removal of the most connected species in the network (spotted ...
... consumed by facultative scavengers, represented by large mammalian carnivores, rather than by obligate scavengers (i.e. vultures). Scavenging network nestedness tended to be higher at larger carcasses, and nestedness was sensitive to the removal of the most connected species in the network (spotted ...