Chapter 54
... • Dominant species are those that are most abundant or have the highest biomass • Biomass is the total mass of all individuals in a population • Dominant species exert powerful control over the occurrence and distribution of other species ...
... • Dominant species are those that are most abundant or have the highest biomass • Biomass is the total mass of all individuals in a population • Dominant species exert powerful control over the occurrence and distribution of other species ...
Inglés
... Results and Discussion: Extinctions have occurred at a more or less consistent rate of one to two species per decade since the 1840s, with that rate continuing unabated. A further 55 species from that original fauna are now threatened, and an additional 42 are Near Threatened. Although many factors ...
... Results and Discussion: Extinctions have occurred at a more or less consistent rate of one to two species per decade since the 1840s, with that rate continuing unabated. A further 55 species from that original fauna are now threatened, and an additional 42 are Near Threatened. Although many factors ...
Applying the Reference Site Model to Riparian Restoration Sites in
... model to the California Coastal Sage Scrub, Chaparral and Oak-Woodlands ecoregion has not existed. In this study, I compared restoration projects in the East San Francisco Bay area to reference sites within the California Coastal Sage Scrub, Chaparral, and Oak Woodlands ecoregion to assess how well ...
... model to the California Coastal Sage Scrub, Chaparral and Oak-Woodlands ecoregion has not existed. In this study, I compared restoration projects in the East San Francisco Bay area to reference sites within the California Coastal Sage Scrub, Chaparral, and Oak Woodlands ecoregion to assess how well ...
Vesper Sparrow affinis subspecies Pooecetes gramineus affini
... The Vesper Sparrow breeds in sparsely vegetated, grassland habitats with scattered trees or shrubs. Structural diversity is important because these sparrows use the taller perches for singing whereas open areas are used for foraging. Biology Vesper Sparrows nest on the ground. The breeding season of ...
... The Vesper Sparrow breeds in sparsely vegetated, grassland habitats with scattered trees or shrubs. Structural diversity is important because these sparrows use the taller perches for singing whereas open areas are used for foraging. Biology Vesper Sparrows nest on the ground. The breeding season of ...
Monsoon Vine Thickets Monsoon Vine Thickets
... Monsoon Vine Thickets are a type of rainforest ecosystem found in discrete patches along the Kimberley coast and also inland among rocky springs or streams. The great diversity of plants found within vine thickets ...
... Monsoon Vine Thickets are a type of rainforest ecosystem found in discrete patches along the Kimberley coast and also inland among rocky springs or streams. The great diversity of plants found within vine thickets ...
Positive interactions expand habitat use and the realized niches of
... Abstract. Niche theory, the oldest, most established community assembly model, predicts that in sympatry, the realized niche will contract due to negative interspecific interactions, but fails to recognize the effects of positive interactions on community assembly. The stress gradient hypothesis pred ...
... Abstract. Niche theory, the oldest, most established community assembly model, predicts that in sympatry, the realized niche will contract due to negative interspecific interactions, but fails to recognize the effects of positive interactions on community assembly. The stress gradient hypothesis pred ...
Formation of a bird community on a new island, Surtsey, iceland
... The year of first breeding is not accurately known for some species. In other cases the first nesting attempt had a long prologue. Greylag Goose probably nested in 1999 but was first confirmed in 2001. Similarly White Wagtail probably bred in 2001 and Meadow Pipit in 2002 but both first confirmed in ...
... The year of first breeding is not accurately known for some species. In other cases the first nesting attempt had a long prologue. Greylag Goose probably nested in 1999 but was first confirmed in 2001. Similarly White Wagtail probably bred in 2001 and Meadow Pipit in 2002 but both first confirmed in ...
Below-ground resources limit seedling growth in forest understories
... both light and soil resources [26, 27, 48]. In a controlled experiment, shade intolerant species survived better in deep shade under higher than lower nutrient availability [50]. In contrast, shade tolerant species, which survived better than the intolerants in any case, were unaffected by variation ...
... both light and soil resources [26, 27, 48]. In a controlled experiment, shade intolerant species survived better in deep shade under higher than lower nutrient availability [50]. In contrast, shade tolerant species, which survived better than the intolerants in any case, were unaffected by variation ...
Life 9e - Garvness
... 16. In most communities, which of the following is greater in tertiary consumers as compared to secondary consumers? a. Reproductive rates b. Number of species c. Total biomass d. Body size e. None of the above Answer: d Textbook Reference: 57.1 What Are Ecological Communities? Page: 1206 Bloom’s Ca ...
... 16. In most communities, which of the following is greater in tertiary consumers as compared to secondary consumers? a. Reproductive rates b. Number of species c. Total biomass d. Body size e. None of the above Answer: d Textbook Reference: 57.1 What Are Ecological Communities? Page: 1206 Bloom’s Ca ...
Within-population spatial synchrony in mast seeding of North American oaks
... many cases, plant seeds play critical roles in food webs and temporal pulses in their numbers may have cascading effects on higher trophic levels (Liebhold et al. 2000, Ostfeld and Keesing 2000, Selås et al. 2001). Population densities of seed consumers may temporally track fluctuations in mast abu ...
... many cases, plant seeds play critical roles in food webs and temporal pulses in their numbers may have cascading effects on higher trophic levels (Liebhold et al. 2000, Ostfeld and Keesing 2000, Selås et al. 2001). Population densities of seed consumers may temporally track fluctuations in mast abu ...
Evidence for ecological speciation and its alternative
... adapting to similar environments (20, 23). A of salt and drought. This type of reproductive major challenge in applying the test to natural isolation is context-dependent and is weakened in populations is to eliminate the possibility that each intermediate environments. On the other hand, ecotype ha ...
... adapting to similar environments (20, 23). A of salt and drought. This type of reproductive major challenge in applying the test to natural isolation is context-dependent and is weakened in populations is to eliminate the possibility that each intermediate environments. On the other hand, ecotype ha ...
Ecological Resilience, Biodiversity, and Scale
... more species-rich rainforests, at least in areas of about 1⁄3 ha (80 3 40 m) for 5 years (Ewel and others 1991). Naeem and coworkers (1994) assembled replicate artificial ecosystems at a number of levels of species richness. They demonstrated that carbon dioxide consumption, vegetative cover, and pr ...
... more species-rich rainforests, at least in areas of about 1⁄3 ha (80 3 40 m) for 5 years (Ewel and others 1991). Naeem and coworkers (1994) assembled replicate artificial ecosystems at a number of levels of species richness. They demonstrated that carbon dioxide consumption, vegetative cover, and pr ...
The tales of two geckos: does dispersal prevent extinction in recently
... pairs of O. reticulata populations, separated by 150, 550, and 580 m, and three pairs of G. variegata populations, separated by 150, 300, and 1000 m (Table 1). In most cases the distance to other extant populations was large and we consider that dispersal from individuals of other populations into t ...
... pairs of O. reticulata populations, separated by 150, 550, and 580 m, and three pairs of G. variegata populations, separated by 150, 300, and 1000 m (Table 1). In most cases the distance to other extant populations was large and we consider that dispersal from individuals of other populations into t ...
Biodiversity and Climate Change: Integrating Evolutionary and
... that rapid evolution should be defined as genetic changes occurring fast enough to have a measurable impact on simultaneous ecological change. There is accumulating empirical evidence that evolution can proceed fast (Gingerich 2009, Reznick & Ghalambor 2001) and, more importantly, that the selective ...
... that rapid evolution should be defined as genetic changes occurring fast enough to have a measurable impact on simultaneous ecological change. There is accumulating empirical evidence that evolution can proceed fast (Gingerich 2009, Reznick & Ghalambor 2001) and, more importantly, that the selective ...
Evidence for Ecological Speciation and Its Alternative
... of large fish is scarce or seasonal” (12). When correlated with environmental factors, such repetition is unlikely to result from chance; environmental selection pressures must therefore be the cause of speciation. “As a result of our recent studies on fishes...weight is constantly being added to th ...
... of large fish is scarce or seasonal” (12). When correlated with environmental factors, such repetition is unlikely to result from chance; environmental selection pressures must therefore be the cause of speciation. “As a result of our recent studies on fishes...weight is constantly being added to th ...
Mimicry as a novel pathway linking biodiversity
... The feedback of biodiversity on individual trait variation is a poorly explored mechanistic pathway in ecological research. We analysed the relationship between biodiversity and individual performance by focusing on vocal mimicry, a widespread interaction that may serve in intra- and interspecific c ...
... The feedback of biodiversity on individual trait variation is a poorly explored mechanistic pathway in ecological research. We analysed the relationship between biodiversity and individual performance by focusing on vocal mimicry, a widespread interaction that may serve in intra- and interspecific c ...
Role of biotic interactions in a semiarid scrub community in north
... interactions in structuring small mammal assemblages, and in determining trophic interactions within the community. However, few long-term, large scale field experiments have been conducted in the temperate Neotropics, and such studies are needed to assess the generality of patterns largely derived ...
... interactions in structuring small mammal assemblages, and in determining trophic interactions within the community. However, few long-term, large scale field experiments have been conducted in the temperate Neotropics, and such studies are needed to assess the generality of patterns largely derived ...
Discoveries of new mammal species and their
... of new species discovered in Philippines is rather remarkable. On average these species had ranges of ⬇87,000 km2 (2), significantly smaller compared with an average land mammal range of 400,000 km2 (2) (P ⬍ 0.0001). Indeed, 81% of the new species have very restricted ranges [i.e., ⬍10,000 km2 (2)] ...
... of new species discovered in Philippines is rather remarkable. On average these species had ranges of ⬇87,000 km2 (2), significantly smaller compared with an average land mammal range of 400,000 km2 (2) (P ⬍ 0.0001). Indeed, 81% of the new species have very restricted ranges [i.e., ⬍10,000 km2 (2)] ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Australia and New Guinea), ‘padless’ (those limbed taxa with no adhesive toepads; these were restricted to Australia), ‘continental pad-bearing’ (those taxa that possessed adhesive toepads and were found throughout the Australian continent), ‘New Caledonian padbearing’ (those taxa that possessed wel ...
... Australia and New Guinea), ‘padless’ (those limbed taxa with no adhesive toepads; these were restricted to Australia), ‘continental pad-bearing’ (those taxa that possessed adhesive toepads and were found throughout the Australian continent), ‘New Caledonian padbearing’ (those taxa that possessed wel ...
Rusty Crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) - GB non
... The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) emphasises the need for a precautionary approach towards non-native species where there is often a lack of firm scientific evidence. It also strongly promotes the use of good quality risk assessment to help underpin this approach. The GB risk analysis mec ...
... The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) emphasises the need for a precautionary approach towards non-native species where there is often a lack of firm scientific evidence. It also strongly promotes the use of good quality risk assessment to help underpin this approach. The GB risk analysis mec ...
Branches in the lines of descent: Charles
... Charles Darwin introduced a novel idea into the concept of species, namely that species are branches in the lines of descent (segments of population lineages). In addition to this novel evolutionary component, Darwin’s species concept also retained an older taxonomic component, namely the view that ...
... Charles Darwin introduced a novel idea into the concept of species, namely that species are branches in the lines of descent (segments of population lineages). In addition to this novel evolutionary component, Darwin’s species concept also retained an older taxonomic component, namely the view that ...
Night-time conductance in C3 and C4 species: do plants lose water
... where night-time E was signi®cantly greater than empty chamber measurements (solid bars in Fig. 1B), night-time E as a percentage of daytime E, though measured in a cuvette on a leaf area basis, but under ambient temperature and relative humidity conditions, was not trivial and exceeded 10% of dayti ...
... where night-time E was signi®cantly greater than empty chamber measurements (solid bars in Fig. 1B), night-time E as a percentage of daytime E, though measured in a cuvette on a leaf area basis, but under ambient temperature and relative humidity conditions, was not trivial and exceeded 10% of dayti ...
Trait matching of flower visitors and crops predicts
... beyond flower visitor species diversity and abundance. 3. Flower visitor trait diversity was positively related to fruit set, but surprisingly did not explain more variation than flower visitor species diversity. 4. The best prediction of fruit set was obtained by matching traits of flower visitors ...
... beyond flower visitor species diversity and abundance. 3. Flower visitor trait diversity was positively related to fruit set, but surprisingly did not explain more variation than flower visitor species diversity. 4. The best prediction of fruit set was obtained by matching traits of flower visitors ...
Live-bearing Seastar - Natural Values Atlas
... Endemic to Tasmania, the species is known only from waters between the high and low tide mark (littoral waters) in the State’s southeast. The seastar is unusual in being one of very few seastars worldwide that brood their eggs then give birth to live young (viviparous). The main threats to the speci ...
... Endemic to Tasmania, the species is known only from waters between the high and low tide mark (littoral waters) in the State’s southeast. The seastar is unusual in being one of very few seastars worldwide that brood their eggs then give birth to live young (viviparous). The main threats to the speci ...
Feral Cat Predation and It`s Effects on Wildlife
... comments like these made by the researchers themselves are often ignored by groups who use and abuse these studies to prove cats are the major cause of prey species decline. OTHER FACTORS Besides the inherent problems of the studies as discussed above, there are numerous other factors other than fer ...
... comments like these made by the researchers themselves are often ignored by groups who use and abuse these studies to prove cats are the major cause of prey species decline. OTHER FACTORS Besides the inherent problems of the studies as discussed above, there are numerous other factors other than fer ...
Island restoration
The ecological restoration of islands, or island restoration, is the application of the principles of ecological restoration to islands and island groups. Islands, due to their isolation, are home to many of the world's endemic species, as well as important breeding grounds for seabirds and some marine mammals. Their ecosystems are also very vulnerable to human disturbance and particularly to introduced species, due to their small size. Island groups such as New Zealand and Hawaii have undergone substantial extinctions and losses of habitat. Since the 1950s several organisations and government agencies around the world have worked to restore islands to their original states; New Zealand has used them to hold natural populations of species that would otherwise be unable to survive in the wild. The principal components of island restoration are the removal of introduced species and the reintroduction of native species.