Rare migration vs. Regular Migration
... genetic equilibrium or tend towards fixation of one of the alleles • With regular migration events the movement of alleles from one population to another causes the separate populations to act collectively: what happens to the allele frequency in one population happens to the allele frequency in all ...
... genetic equilibrium or tend towards fixation of one of the alleles • With regular migration events the movement of alleles from one population to another causes the separate populations to act collectively: what happens to the allele frequency in one population happens to the allele frequency in all ...
3. Ecosystems Booklet TN
... IGNORE hedgehogs eat eggs as given in question E2 hedgehogs, stop birds breeding/reduce offspring (one year); E3 idea of fewer, new adults/breeders (next year); Look for idea of future/knock-on effect E4 idea of more deaths than ‘births’; (c) 1. plenty of/enough, food/birds’ eggs/space; CREDIT littl ...
... IGNORE hedgehogs eat eggs as given in question E2 hedgehogs, stop birds breeding/reduce offspring (one year); E3 idea of fewer, new adults/breeders (next year); Look for idea of future/knock-on effect E4 idea of more deaths than ‘births’; (c) 1. plenty of/enough, food/birds’ eggs/space; CREDIT littl ...
mitigating the impacts of human land
... thank my committee members, Marcy Litvak, for the inspiration and motivation; Blair Wolf, for sticking with me to the end; and Kevin Kirkman for seeing me to the finish. I express my deepest appreciation to the Government of Botswana and the Botswana Department of Wildlife and National Parks for the ...
... thank my committee members, Marcy Litvak, for the inspiration and motivation; Blair Wolf, for sticking with me to the end; and Kevin Kirkman for seeing me to the finish. I express my deepest appreciation to the Government of Botswana and the Botswana Department of Wildlife and National Parks for the ...
The evolution of Lake Erie watersnake color
... Selection? As many more individuals of each species are born than can possibly survive; and as, consequently, there is a frequently recurring struggle for existence, it follows that any being, if it vary however slightly in any manner profitable to itself, under the complex and sometimes varying con ...
... Selection? As many more individuals of each species are born than can possibly survive; and as, consequently, there is a frequently recurring struggle for existence, it follows that any being, if it vary however slightly in any manner profitable to itself, under the complex and sometimes varying con ...
Impacts of Gull predation at Loch Leven NNR
... from a relatively stable 5 year count averaging 4500 and in 2007 deserted the site. Black-headed gull numbers nationally have seen a 63% decline in numbers between 1993 and 2004. Analysis of annual duck nest counts, suggest a very shallow decline over the last 40 years in nesting pairs but this is n ...
... from a relatively stable 5 year count averaging 4500 and in 2007 deserted the site. Black-headed gull numbers nationally have seen a 63% decline in numbers between 1993 and 2004. Analysis of annual duck nest counts, suggest a very shallow decline over the last 40 years in nesting pairs but this is n ...
Detecting Natural Selection in Real Time
... Selection? As many more individuals of each species are born than can possibly survive; and as, consequently, there is a frequently recurring struggle for existence, it follows that any being, if it vary however slightly in any manner profitable to itself, under the complex and sometimes varying con ...
... Selection? As many more individuals of each species are born than can possibly survive; and as, consequently, there is a frequently recurring struggle for existence, it follows that any being, if it vary however slightly in any manner profitable to itself, under the complex and sometimes varying con ...
The Ecology of Invasions and The Invasions of Ecology
... institutions concerned with the impacts of invasive species had little to no grounds on which they could justify extensive management efforts against invasions. Despite mounting ...
... institutions concerned with the impacts of invasive species had little to no grounds on which they could justify extensive management efforts against invasions. Despite mounting ...
Belgian Journal of Zoology Belgian Journal of Zoology
... ABSTRACT. In order to identify long-term population trends in bats in southern Belgium, we compared results of winter bat banding between 1939 and 1952 to winter bat counts between 1995 and 2008 in 58 hibernacula. The results show a strong decrease in the populations of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, R. ...
... ABSTRACT. In order to identify long-term population trends in bats in southern Belgium, we compared results of winter bat banding between 1939 and 1952 to winter bat counts between 1995 and 2008 in 58 hibernacula. The results show a strong decrease in the populations of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, R. ...
The diversity–stability debate
... diverse plant communities respond differentially to variable background processes. The differential responses of populations sum, through time, to give stable community dynamics. If diversity and stability are positively correlated, then both the averaging and negative covariance effect predict that ...
... diverse plant communities respond differentially to variable background processes. The differential responses of populations sum, through time, to give stable community dynamics. If diversity and stability are positively correlated, then both the averaging and negative covariance effect predict that ...
Predator - Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
... Theoretical arguments underpin the current strong emphasis on the study of adaptation by prey, rather than that by predators. Loose application of the “arms race” analogy in the evolution of predator–prey interactions has been criticized for failing to recognize that the selective forces on prey and ...
... Theoretical arguments underpin the current strong emphasis on the study of adaptation by prey, rather than that by predators. Loose application of the “arms race” analogy in the evolution of predator–prey interactions has been criticized for failing to recognize that the selective forces on prey and ...
Detrimental effects of two widespread invasive ant species on
... lost [20% of tissue on their feet) weighed significantly less than uninjured chicks and did not fledge. It is unclear if the chicks were being preyed upon or stung in defense of nearby ant colonies. Radical changes in invasive ant populations have been noted, and booming ant populations could cause ...
... lost [20% of tissue on their feet) weighed significantly less than uninjured chicks and did not fledge. It is unclear if the chicks were being preyed upon or stung in defense of nearby ant colonies. Radical changes in invasive ant populations have been noted, and booming ant populations could cause ...
Bee diversity effects on pollination depend on functional
... April 2008. Some plants started flowering in early June. On 12–16 June, early blooming flowers were cut. By the end of June most species were in flower. The main experimental period started with the introduction of target bee species on 3–5 July and lasted five weeks until 8 August 2008. Fruits were har ...
... April 2008. Some plants started flowering in early June. On 12–16 June, early blooming flowers were cut. By the end of June most species were in flower. The main experimental period started with the introduction of target bee species on 3–5 July and lasted five weeks until 8 August 2008. Fruits were har ...
Collapse of the world`s largest herbivores
... for grazing, a reduction in forage and water available to wild herbivores, a greater risk of disease transmission from domestic to wild species (32), and increased methane emissions (31). In central Asia, the expansion of goat grazing for cashmere wool production for international export has reduced ...
... for grazing, a reduction in forage and water available to wild herbivores, a greater risk of disease transmission from domestic to wild species (32), and increased methane emissions (31). In central Asia, the expansion of goat grazing for cashmere wool production for international export has reduced ...
Action Plan No.7 - Environment, Planning and Sustainable
... settlement. In the ACT, these grasslands are not found at an altitude above 630 m. Areas dominated by D. carphoides occur in grasslands containing Danthonia or Stipa associations, and may occur in patches in Dry Themeda grasslands (see the Action Plan for Natural Temperate Grassland for a more detai ...
... settlement. In the ACT, these grasslands are not found at an altitude above 630 m. Areas dominated by D. carphoides occur in grasslands containing Danthonia or Stipa associations, and may occur in patches in Dry Themeda grasslands (see the Action Plan for Natural Temperate Grassland for a more detai ...
Guidelines for Prevention and Management
... Invasive Alien Species in the marine environment are called by a variety of names including Introduced Marine Pests (IMPs) (Australia and New Zealand), Aquatic Nuisance Species (ANS) (United States), and Harmful Aquatic Organisms (IMO Ballast Water Convention). For a number of marine species, the or ...
... Invasive Alien Species in the marine environment are called by a variety of names including Introduced Marine Pests (IMPs) (Australia and New Zealand), Aquatic Nuisance Species (ANS) (United States), and Harmful Aquatic Organisms (IMO Ballast Water Convention). For a number of marine species, the or ...
Dynamic Energy Budget model parameter estimation for the bivalve
... Thus, M. californianus is potentially exposed to a much broader range of environmental conditions than any one species in the M. edulis complex (Fly and Hilbish, 2013). These observations suggest that this species may lend itself well to the application of the DEB theory. Here we use the covariation ...
... Thus, M. californianus is potentially exposed to a much broader range of environmental conditions than any one species in the M. edulis complex (Fly and Hilbish, 2013). These observations suggest that this species may lend itself well to the application of the DEB theory. Here we use the covariation ...
The distribution, abundance, and habitat preference of lovebirds
... birds than any other fragment in this riparian vegetation. This result is not at variance with the work of Knick and Rotenberry, (2002), who reported high number of forest birds in an undisturbed forest environment. Lovebird population increases gradually from the month of August, and attained a max ...
... birds than any other fragment in this riparian vegetation. This result is not at variance with the work of Knick and Rotenberry, (2002), who reported high number of forest birds in an undisturbed forest environment. Lovebird population increases gradually from the month of August, and attained a max ...
Evaluation of NFWF`s Pacific Seabird Program
... are!high!for!paving!the!way!for!conservation!actions!and!sustaining!conservation! gains.!However,!the!risk!of!failing!to!achieve!stakeholder!buyMin—and! subsequent!conservation!gains—is!elevated!when!organizational!capacity!for! conducting!appropriate!outreach,!education,!and!conservation!actions!is ...
... are!high!for!paving!the!way!for!conservation!actions!and!sustaining!conservation! gains.!However,!the!risk!of!failing!to!achieve!stakeholder!buyMin—and! subsequent!conservation!gains—is!elevated!when!organizational!capacity!for! conducting!appropriate!outreach,!education,!and!conservation!actions!is ...
Desert rodent populations: factors affecting
... Desert, Mojave Desert, and Namib Desert. To resolve this problem, water and food addition experiments should be performed in ...
... Desert, Mojave Desert, and Namib Desert. To resolve this problem, water and food addition experiments should be performed in ...
Temperate rocky subtidal reef community reveals human impacts
... structure were calculated as follow: (1) links per species (L /S), which is the mean number of predator and prey species per node; (2) connectance (C ), where C = L/S 2, which is the fraction of all possible trophic links that are realized in the food web. We also calculated the number of (3) top sp ...
... structure were calculated as follow: (1) links per species (L /S), which is the mean number of predator and prey species per node; (2) connectance (C ), where C = L/S 2, which is the fraction of all possible trophic links that are realized in the food web. We also calculated the number of (3) top sp ...
All about…Bats
... agile than birds, have excellent control of their flight, and can brake and turn quite sharply when hunting for insects. When the time comes to rest, they hang upside down by their claws. This roosting uses no energy at all – the weight of the bat pulls down on the tendons in the leg. The tightened ...
... agile than birds, have excellent control of their flight, and can brake and turn quite sharply when hunting for insects. When the time comes to rest, they hang upside down by their claws. This roosting uses no energy at all – the weight of the bat pulls down on the tendons in the leg. The tightened ...
Ecological fidelity of functional traits based on species presence
... Because bats are very rare in most of the mammalian fossil record, we have limited our analyses to non-volant species. Ecological Traits and their Character Attributes.—Four functional ecological traits were used to characterize the ecology of the Amboseli mammal community: preferred diet (‘‘Diet’’) ...
... Because bats are very rare in most of the mammalian fossil record, we have limited our analyses to non-volant species. Ecological Traits and their Character Attributes.—Four functional ecological traits were used to characterize the ecology of the Amboseli mammal community: preferred diet (‘‘Diet’’) ...
Hedgerow management and wildlife review
... highest species numbers (probably due to increased levels of light). However, not all studies support this contention. ...
... highest species numbers (probably due to increased levels of light). However, not all studies support this contention. ...
Island restoration
The ecological restoration of islands, or island restoration, is the application of the principles of ecological restoration to islands and island groups. Islands, due to their isolation, are home to many of the world's endemic species, as well as important breeding grounds for seabirds and some marine mammals. Their ecosystems are also very vulnerable to human disturbance and particularly to introduced species, due to their small size. Island groups such as New Zealand and Hawaii have undergone substantial extinctions and losses of habitat. Since the 1950s several organisations and government agencies around the world have worked to restore islands to their original states; New Zealand has used them to hold natural populations of species that would otherwise be unable to survive in the wild. The principal components of island restoration are the removal of introduced species and the reintroduction of native species.