Shrubs as ecosystem engineers in a coastal dune: influences on
... microhabitat type (under Lupinus, under Ericameria, and shrub-free areas) and block (24 in 1996, 17 in 1998, and 14 in 2000) as the grouping factors and the following groups of response variables: (a) Claytonia, Bromus and Vulpia cover and density in 1996; (b) species richness of grasses and forbs i ...
... microhabitat type (under Lupinus, under Ericameria, and shrub-free areas) and block (24 in 1996, 17 in 1998, and 14 in 2000) as the grouping factors and the following groups of response variables: (a) Claytonia, Bromus and Vulpia cover and density in 1996; (b) species richness of grasses and forbs i ...
Evaluating effects of large-scale salvage logging for
... at the scale proposed for British Columbia. The last large-scale salvage operation in the province was for a spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) outbreak in the area of Bowron Lakes. The current bark beetle outbreak is much more extensive. Because there is no literature dealing with events at th ...
... at the scale proposed for British Columbia. The last large-scale salvage operation in the province was for a spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) outbreak in the area of Bowron Lakes. The current bark beetle outbreak is much more extensive. Because there is no literature dealing with events at th ...
Download appendices
... Original IP Total Mature, Immature, Seedling: These first three columns display the original population numbers as noted in the first Implementation Plan reports of MIP (2005) and OIP (2008). When no numbers are displayed, the PU was not known at the time of the IPs Current Mature, Immature, Seedlin ...
... Original IP Total Mature, Immature, Seedling: These first three columns display the original population numbers as noted in the first Implementation Plan reports of MIP (2005) and OIP (2008). When no numbers are displayed, the PU was not known at the time of the IPs Current Mature, Immature, Seedlin ...
An African grassland responds similarly to long
... In South Africa, a Veld (Field) Fertilization Experiment (henceforth, VFE) was established in 1951 on Ukulinga, the University of KwaZulu-Natal’s research farm in Pietermaritzburg (KwaZulu-Natal province on the eastern seaboard of South Africa). This experiment, which is still running, set out to e ...
... In South Africa, a Veld (Field) Fertilization Experiment (henceforth, VFE) was established in 1951 on Ukulinga, the University of KwaZulu-Natal’s research farm in Pietermaritzburg (KwaZulu-Natal province on the eastern seaboard of South Africa). This experiment, which is still running, set out to e ...
Geographic Variation in Camouflage Specialization by a Decorator
... field (Rhode Island: N = 5, r = 0.90, P = .010; Connecticut: N = 6, r = 0.97, P ! .0001; New Jersey: N = 9, r = 0.67, P = .045). In New Jersey, six of the nine seaweeds or invertebrates co-occurring with Libinia were used for camouflage in proportions not different from their field abundance (P 1 .0 ...
... field (Rhode Island: N = 5, r = 0.90, P = .010; Connecticut: N = 6, r = 0.97, P ! .0001; New Jersey: N = 9, r = 0.67, P = .045). In New Jersey, six of the nine seaweeds or invertebrates co-occurring with Libinia were used for camouflage in proportions not different from their field abundance (P 1 .0 ...
Insect Ecology
... •Animals with tight nutritional spectrum are called specialists (specialized to one food source) and animals with wide spectrum are called opportunists (main and additional food sources) •Changing the food source: is a rare phenomenon when different developmental stages of the same insect species ea ...
... •Animals with tight nutritional spectrum are called specialists (specialized to one food source) and animals with wide spectrum are called opportunists (main and additional food sources) •Changing the food source: is a rare phenomenon when different developmental stages of the same insect species ea ...
The consequences of consumer diversity loss
... cover among high-density treatments using ANOVA and compared all treatments to the control using a Dunnett’s test. For both ANOVAs, all assumptions regarding normality and homoscedasticity were met. Meta-analysis of combination additive–replacement experiments While full additive–replacement design ...
... cover among high-density treatments using ANOVA and compared all treatments to the control using a Dunnett’s test. For both ANOVAs, all assumptions regarding normality and homoscedasticity were met. Meta-analysis of combination additive–replacement experiments While full additive–replacement design ...
in the Rio Conejos of southern Colorado
... R. Edward DeWalt 1,2 and Kenneth W Stewart 1 ABSTRACT,-Thirty-one stonefly species representing eight families were collected during the March 1987 to May 1990 study period. Genera represented by more than one species included Capnia, Utacapnia, Taenionema, Suwallia, Triznaka, Isogenoides, and [sope ...
... R. Edward DeWalt 1,2 and Kenneth W Stewart 1 ABSTRACT,-Thirty-one stonefly species representing eight families were collected during the March 1987 to May 1990 study period. Genera represented by more than one species included Capnia, Utacapnia, Taenionema, Suwallia, Triznaka, Isogenoides, and [sope ...
Quantifying and interpreting functional diversity of natural communities
... ing affected by its diversity?” are examples of questions that ecologists have been asking for a long time. However, the first step in answering such questions is the quantification of diversity. Originally, species diversity – simply the number of coexisting species, or measured by compound indices ...
... ing affected by its diversity?” are examples of questions that ecologists have been asking for a long time. However, the first step in answering such questions is the quantification of diversity. Originally, species diversity – simply the number of coexisting species, or measured by compound indices ...
Adults - Gopher Tortoise Day
... URTD is a disease that tortoises contract through contact with each other. Tortoises may not show symptoms and it is highly contagious. This is one reason why it is important that only professionals relocate tortoises to avoid introducing an infected tortoise into a healthy habitat. ...
... URTD is a disease that tortoises contract through contact with each other. Tortoises may not show symptoms and it is highly contagious. This is one reason why it is important that only professionals relocate tortoises to avoid introducing an infected tortoise into a healthy habitat. ...
Least-Cost Input Mixtures of Water and Nitrogen for Photosynthesis
... higher in lower-humidity (higher VPD) habitats. The first axis in interpreting photosynthesis as a twoinput production process is water use, as represented by gs. In “The Relative Costs of Water and Nitrogen in Different Habitats,” this will be extended for understanding production in different humi ...
... higher in lower-humidity (higher VPD) habitats. The first axis in interpreting photosynthesis as a twoinput production process is water use, as represented by gs. In “The Relative Costs of Water and Nitrogen in Different Habitats,” this will be extended for understanding production in different humi ...
Domestic Stock Grazing to Enhance Woodland Biodiversity
... 6. Figure 16 shows the broad variation in diet for domestic stock. Cattle and horses are generally classed as grazing species, being low selective herbaceous feeders (taking mainly grasses and other ground vegetation) whilst sheep and goats are more selective and tend to browse more on the shoots an ...
... 6. Figure 16 shows the broad variation in diet for domestic stock. Cattle and horses are generally classed as grazing species, being low selective herbaceous feeders (taking mainly grasses and other ground vegetation) whilst sheep and goats are more selective and tend to browse more on the shoots an ...
Marine Ecology Progress Series 12:24
... also showed that variation within the population predominately derives from individual specialization in habitat use. Importantly, we found that the degree of spatial segregation between individuals differed markedly between habitats. At the population level, yellow-legged gulls were able to use up ...
... also showed that variation within the population predominately derives from individual specialization in habitat use. Importantly, we found that the degree of spatial segregation between individuals differed markedly between habitats. At the population level, yellow-legged gulls were able to use up ...
The restoration and re-creation of species
... fertilisers and herbicides, allowing earlier, repeated cutting for silage and stocking rates to be increased (Hopkins and Hopkins, 1994). As a result grassland specialists have been replaced by a few generalists that thrive in productive, human-altered environments (McKinney and Lockwood, 1999). Mod ...
... fertilisers and herbicides, allowing earlier, repeated cutting for silage and stocking rates to be increased (Hopkins and Hopkins, 1994). As a result grassland specialists have been replaced by a few generalists that thrive in productive, human-altered environments (McKinney and Lockwood, 1999). Mod ...
View/Open - Oregon State University
... multiple locations. In addition, B. hordeaceus is an effective sentinel, because it is annual, which ...
... multiple locations. In addition, B. hordeaceus is an effective sentinel, because it is annual, which ...
roundtable session 2a: national legislation, eu directives and
... NATIONAL LEGISLATION, EU DIRECTIVES AND CONSERVATION. E. VIGNEUX (France), M. THIBAULT (France), F. MARNELL (Ireland), C. SOUTY-GROSSET (France) ...
... NATIONAL LEGISLATION, EU DIRECTIVES AND CONSERVATION. E. VIGNEUX (France), M. THIBAULT (France), F. MARNELL (Ireland), C. SOUTY-GROSSET (France) ...
Fauna Conservation Enclosure report
... A scientific and technical advisory committee is guiding the project. The proposal aims to securely fence a carefully selected 110 ha bush-land area on Balijup farm near Tenterden WA. This farm has an area of 919 ha of which 585 ha are under remnant vegetation or re-vegetation and a further 102 ha a ...
... A scientific and technical advisory committee is guiding the project. The proposal aims to securely fence a carefully selected 110 ha bush-land area on Balijup farm near Tenterden WA. This farm has an area of 919 ha of which 585 ha are under remnant vegetation or re-vegetation and a further 102 ha a ...
56_Lecture_Presentation
... area with a great concentration of endemic species and many endangered and threatened species • Biodiversity hot spots are good choices for nature reserves, but identifying them is not ...
... area with a great concentration of endemic species and many endangered and threatened species • Biodiversity hot spots are good choices for nature reserves, but identifying them is not ...
Chapter 8 Diversity and ecosystem function Jan Lepš Dr. Jan Lepš
... b.log(2) new species are added. The number of species at zero area is not defined; actually, for very small plot sizes S becomes negative. Note that both c and a depend on the units in which area is measured, whereas z and b do not. Theoretical arguments supporting either of the relationships were s ...
... b.log(2) new species are added. The number of species at zero area is not defined; actually, for very small plot sizes S becomes negative. Note that both c and a depend on the units in which area is measured, whereas z and b do not. Theoretical arguments supporting either of the relationships were s ...
View plan for Palikea Management Unit
... taxon, based on the likelihood of plants showing up anywhere, not just at known location, it was decided to control this species as part of WCA management, instead of ICA efforts. There is a stand of Araucaria both inside and outside the fence in the southern part of the MU exclosure, and another sm ...
... taxon, based on the likelihood of plants showing up anywhere, not just at known location, it was decided to control this species as part of WCA management, instead of ICA efforts. There is a stand of Araucaria both inside and outside the fence in the southern part of the MU exclosure, and another sm ...
Scorpiones (Scorpions) - American Museum of Natural History
... Scorpions are the fifth-most diverse order of arachnids in number of described species, but the known diversity is grossly underestimated. Estimates of total diversity run as high as 7,000 species. There are two reasons for this underestimate. (1) Scorpions are cryptic, seasonal, habitat specific, a ...
... Scorpions are the fifth-most diverse order of arachnids in number of described species, but the known diversity is grossly underestimated. Estimates of total diversity run as high as 7,000 species. There are two reasons for this underestimate. (1) Scorpions are cryptic, seasonal, habitat specific, a ...
Invasive Species Articles
... between then and now, beekeeping was more profitable, the cost of production was lower. It was more pleasant to work with European bees, there were less stinging incidents.” And yet the Africanized bees had more to offer than most people realized at first. For one thing, they groom themselves more ...
... between then and now, beekeeping was more profitable, the cost of production was lower. It was more pleasant to work with European bees, there were less stinging incidents.” And yet the Africanized bees had more to offer than most people realized at first. For one thing, they groom themselves more ...
A multi-agent ecosystem model for studying changes in a tropical
... estuary were given, as well as seasonality of juvenile entrance into the estuary For category C species, mature individuals perform seasonal migrations to reproduce outside the estuary. Estuarine population dynamics for categories B and C is initially given by predetermined entrance rates for the ar ...
... estuary were given, as well as seasonality of juvenile entrance into the estuary For category C species, mature individuals perform seasonal migrations to reproduce outside the estuary. Estuarine population dynamics for categories B and C is initially given by predetermined entrance rates for the ar ...
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE
... resources to individually study every species or community; instead, we must develop general principles for ecology to progress as a science (Keddy 1989, Peters 1991). One obstacle to constructing such generalities is that the nature of interactions among species may change with abiotic conditions ( ...
... resources to individually study every species or community; instead, we must develop general principles for ecology to progress as a science (Keddy 1989, Peters 1991). One obstacle to constructing such generalities is that the nature of interactions among species may change with abiotic conditions ( ...
Island restoration
The ecological restoration of islands, or island restoration, is the application of the principles of ecological restoration to islands and island groups. Islands, due to their isolation, are home to many of the world's endemic species, as well as important breeding grounds for seabirds and some marine mammals. Their ecosystems are also very vulnerable to human disturbance and particularly to introduced species, due to their small size. Island groups such as New Zealand and Hawaii have undergone substantial extinctions and losses of habitat. Since the 1950s several organisations and government agencies around the world have worked to restore islands to their original states; New Zealand has used them to hold natural populations of species that would otherwise be unable to survive in the wild. The principal components of island restoration are the removal of introduced species and the reintroduction of native species.