Deleting species from model food webs
... The dynamics of the model has two time scales. On time scales of the order of the lifetimes of individuals, the number of species is fixed and the dynamics is determined by a set of coupled ordinary differential equations for the species population densities. This population dynamics uses a multi-sp ...
... The dynamics of the model has two time scales. On time scales of the order of the lifetimes of individuals, the number of species is fixed and the dynamics is determined by a set of coupled ordinary differential equations for the species population densities. This population dynamics uses a multi-sp ...
Some historic landmarks
... recruiting, dying, and replacing themselves through reproduction) “When we look at the plants and bushes clothing an entangled bank, we are tempted to attribute their proportional numbers and kinds to what we call chance. But how false a view is this!” (C. Darwin 1859) Photo from UCLA ...
... recruiting, dying, and replacing themselves through reproduction) “When we look at the plants and bushes clothing an entangled bank, we are tempted to attribute their proportional numbers and kinds to what we call chance. But how false a view is this!” (C. Darwin 1859) Photo from UCLA ...
BIOLOGY Monday 24 Apr 2017
... • The interaction of an animal feeding on primary producers. • Herbivore eating plants. Herbivores can affect size & distribution of plant populations. They can also determine where plants can survive & grow. p. 102 ...
... • The interaction of an animal feeding on primary producers. • Herbivore eating plants. Herbivores can affect size & distribution of plant populations. They can also determine where plants can survive & grow. p. 102 ...
Mountain Cultures, Keystone Species: Exploring the Role of Cultural
... individuals and communities, and have the potential to convert the energy into livelihood and conservation actions. Such tools do, however, need to be integrated into more comprehensive planning frameworks and conducted to influence policy-makers. Objectives 3 and 4 were assessed by the extent to wh ...
... individuals and communities, and have the potential to convert the energy into livelihood and conservation actions. Such tools do, however, need to be integrated into more comprehensive planning frameworks and conducted to influence policy-makers. Objectives 3 and 4 were assessed by the extent to wh ...
Using Ecological-Niche Modeling to Predict Barred Owl Invasions
... Recently, however, an additional peril for the Northern Spotted Owl has appeared. Its eastern North American congener, the Barred Owl ( Strix varia ), has been extending its range westward since the 1960s, jumping over much of the Great Plains, Rocky Mountains, and Intermontane Region to arrive in t ...
... Recently, however, an additional peril for the Northern Spotted Owl has appeared. Its eastern North American congener, the Barred Owl ( Strix varia ), has been extending its range westward since the 1960s, jumping over much of the Great Plains, Rocky Mountains, and Intermontane Region to arrive in t ...
Nearshore fish assemblages associated with introduced predatory
... predator composition, and within lakes before and after recent predator invasions. 3. The presence of an introduced predator was associated with significantly different native fish assemblages across lakes, after controlling for environmental and spatial variables. 4. Native fish assemblages did not si ...
... predator composition, and within lakes before and after recent predator invasions. 3. The presence of an introduced predator was associated with significantly different native fish assemblages across lakes, after controlling for environmental and spatial variables. 4. Native fish assemblages did not si ...
Connectance in stream food webs
... trophic relations, however, unless their realized diets are known with more confidence and analysed more realistically (Polis 1991). Benthic organisms usually reveal strong ontogenetic size-dependent predation (Schmid & Schmid-Araya 1997; Woodward & Hildrew 2002) and, because their diet also changes ...
... trophic relations, however, unless their realized diets are known with more confidence and analysed more realistically (Polis 1991). Benthic organisms usually reveal strong ontogenetic size-dependent predation (Schmid & Schmid-Araya 1997; Woodward & Hildrew 2002) and, because their diet also changes ...
TU National Piscicide Policy
... only tool available for native fish conservation in situations where other methods are impractical or where there are mixed populations of native and non-native species. In smaller ecosystems, electrofishing is the dominant physical control method. Complete removal of non-native trout has been repo ...
... only tool available for native fish conservation in situations where other methods are impractical or where there are mixed populations of native and non-native species. In smaller ecosystems, electrofishing is the dominant physical control method. Complete removal of non-native trout has been repo ...
Case Study: black and white and spread all over Species
... Altered communities can be restored • Humans have dramatically changed ecological systems - Severely degraded systems cease to function • Ecological restoration = efforts to restore communities • Restoration is informed by restoration ecology = the science of restoring an area to an earlier conditio ...
... Altered communities can be restored • Humans have dramatically changed ecological systems - Severely degraded systems cease to function • Ecological restoration = efforts to restore communities • Restoration is informed by restoration ecology = the science of restoring an area to an earlier conditio ...
Marine Invertebrate Conservation: Evaluation of Fisheries Over
... the MLS was set at 55 mm, allowing them to spawn twice before reaching a harvestable size (Bourne and Harbo, 1987). However, for species where fisheries began before modern fisheries management approaches were developed and which continue today, MLS limits were often established for economic or othe ...
... the MLS was set at 55 mm, allowing them to spawn twice before reaching a harvestable size (Bourne and Harbo, 1987). However, for species where fisheries began before modern fisheries management approaches were developed and which continue today, MLS limits were often established for economic or othe ...
SEASONAL VARIATION IN AVIAN COMMUNITY STRUCTURE
... suggeststhat diversity changes with richness in relatively stable, benign environments and varies with evenness under unstable, rigorous conditions. The former occurs when most populations are near equilibrium, which is possiblebecause the physical environment and resource levels remain stable over ...
... suggeststhat diversity changes with richness in relatively stable, benign environments and varies with evenness under unstable, rigorous conditions. The former occurs when most populations are near equilibrium, which is possiblebecause the physical environment and resource levels remain stable over ...
New Approaches to the Study of Human–Environment Interactions
... systems would enhance biodiversity and augment populations of some species by improving access to food or new habitat niches (Fa et al. 2005, Linares 1976, Posey 1985, Smith 2005). Whereas some species of large game become depleted around indigenous settlements in the Amazon basin because of hunting ...
... systems would enhance biodiversity and augment populations of some species by improving access to food or new habitat niches (Fa et al. 2005, Linares 1976, Posey 1985, Smith 2005). Whereas some species of large game become depleted around indigenous settlements in the Amazon basin because of hunting ...
Urban Vegetation
... crassipes was supplied as feed for pigs in the 1950s) or simply to beautify the urban environment (e.g., the ornamental tree Rhus typhina), but they later realize the harmful effects when those species become dominant in new spaces such as urban landscapes. ...
... crassipes was supplied as feed for pigs in the 1950s) or simply to beautify the urban environment (e.g., the ornamental tree Rhus typhina), but they later realize the harmful effects when those species become dominant in new spaces such as urban landscapes. ...
Species Invasions and the Relationships between Species Diversity
... consequences of species losses for the functioning of ecosystems. This concern has renewed interest within ecology in the relationship between the number or diversity of species in a community and the extent to which that community maintains its functioning. Indeed, experimental tests of relationshi ...
... consequences of species losses for the functioning of ecosystems. This concern has renewed interest within ecology in the relationship between the number or diversity of species in a community and the extent to which that community maintains its functioning. Indeed, experimental tests of relationshi ...
The Overriding Importance of Environmental Context in Determining
... has shown that phytoplankton concentrations (as estimated by chlorophyll-a concentration, hereafter termed chl-a) at Boiler Bay are consistently lower than those at Strawberry Hill (Menge et al. 1997a, b). This difference is particularly dramatic after summer upwelling events. Within 2–3 days of rel ...
... has shown that phytoplankton concentrations (as estimated by chlorophyll-a concentration, hereafter termed chl-a) at Boiler Bay are consistently lower than those at Strawberry Hill (Menge et al. 1997a, b). This difference is particularly dramatic after summer upwelling events. Within 2–3 days of rel ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Biodiversity part 2 Global Environmental
... estimated 40,000 species rendered extinct annually. ...
... estimated 40,000 species rendered extinct annually. ...
Global Biodiversity Change Indicators
... One key advantage of these new indicators is that they cover the entire terrestrial surface of the planet at 1km grid resolution. By operating at this spatial resolution the indicators can effectively account for important relationships between species distributions and patterns of habitat loss and ...
... One key advantage of these new indicators is that they cover the entire terrestrial surface of the planet at 1km grid resolution. By operating at this spatial resolution the indicators can effectively account for important relationships between species distributions and patterns of habitat loss and ...
How Useful Are Species Distribution Models for Managing
... move seasonally within their ranges will frequently over-predict distribution extent (Table 1), but that this effect may not be noticed until there is a sudden collapse in actual range, due to the loss of accessible seasonal refugia. To our knowledge, no one has systematically considered this comple ...
... move seasonally within their ranges will frequently over-predict distribution extent (Table 1), but that this effect may not be noticed until there is a sudden collapse in actual range, due to the loss of accessible seasonal refugia. To our knowledge, no one has systematically considered this comple ...
Réserve écologique de la Tourbière-de-Shannon
... var. blephariglottis) and the Southern Twayblade (Listera australis Lindl.). The Eastern Prairie FringedOrchid has been observed in great abundance in open and semi-open areas, particularly near groves of Larch and Black Spruce. There are probably in excess of 1000 individuals here, making this a po ...
... var. blephariglottis) and the Southern Twayblade (Listera australis Lindl.). The Eastern Prairie FringedOrchid has been observed in great abundance in open and semi-open areas, particularly near groves of Larch and Black Spruce. There are probably in excess of 1000 individuals here, making this a po ...
Utah Envirothon Study Guide
... animals change, gradually replaced by other species of plants and animals that are better able to survive in the type of habitat that has developed. A good example of succession is a pasture, which unmowed or ungrazed is allowed to progress to an overgrown field with tall grasses and shrubs. In many ...
... animals change, gradually replaced by other species of plants and animals that are better able to survive in the type of habitat that has developed. A good example of succession is a pasture, which unmowed or ungrazed is allowed to progress to an overgrown field with tall grasses and shrubs. In many ...
Island restoration
The ecological restoration of islands, or island restoration, is the application of the principles of ecological restoration to islands and island groups. Islands, due to their isolation, are home to many of the world's endemic species, as well as important breeding grounds for seabirds and some marine mammals. Their ecosystems are also very vulnerable to human disturbance and particularly to introduced species, due to their small size. Island groups such as New Zealand and Hawaii have undergone substantial extinctions and losses of habitat. Since the 1950s several organisations and government agencies around the world have worked to restore islands to their original states; New Zealand has used them to hold natural populations of species that would otherwise be unable to survive in the wild. The principal components of island restoration are the removal of introduced species and the reintroduction of native species.