HARMFUL ALGAE NEWS - University of Liverpool
... populations controlled by biological or by physical mechanisms, or do they result from combinations of both? Further, what kind of evidence would we need to exclude different possibilities? These are hard questions, with echoes of the old dispute about density-dependent and density-independent popul ...
... populations controlled by biological or by physical mechanisms, or do they result from combinations of both? Further, what kind of evidence would we need to exclude different possibilities? These are hard questions, with echoes of the old dispute about density-dependent and density-independent popul ...
Scale dependent relationships between native plant
... 1985; Papes and Peterson 2003). Its high reproductive capacity and windborne seeds are particularly adapted to colonizing bare or intermittently bare areas (Auld and Martin 1975) which make it a troublesome weed of crops, plantations, and pastures in many parts of the world (Wang et al. 1997). The w ...
... 1985; Papes and Peterson 2003). Its high reproductive capacity and windborne seeds are particularly adapted to colonizing bare or intermittently bare areas (Auld and Martin 1975) which make it a troublesome weed of crops, plantations, and pastures in many parts of the world (Wang et al. 1997). The w ...
Evolution of weaponry in female bovids
... attack, which can be active or passive as in the case of aposematism (Poulton 1890). In birds and mammals, including bovids ( Jarman 1974), crypsis is enhanced in small species that can hide even in low grass (Caro 2005), and in species living in forested habitat where vegetation makes hiding effect ...
... attack, which can be active or passive as in the case of aposematism (Poulton 1890). In birds and mammals, including bovids ( Jarman 1974), crypsis is enhanced in small species that can hide even in low grass (Caro 2005), and in species living in forested habitat where vegetation makes hiding effect ...
Good Buddies
... 2. Competition (- , -) -- based upon a competition for resources. There are four types of competition, and it is possible for an interaction to be a combination of two of the types. In intraspecific competition, organisms from the same species compete for the same resource. In interspecific competit ...
... 2. Competition (- , -) -- based upon a competition for resources. There are four types of competition, and it is possible for an interaction to be a combination of two of the types. In intraspecific competition, organisms from the same species compete for the same resource. In interspecific competit ...
Plant functional types and traits as biodiversity indicators for tropical
... et al. 2004) or where easily determined land use parameters such as the extent of adjacent semi-natural habitats, or the incidence of fertilizer use, predict broad species richness (Billeter et al. 2008). While simple, cost-effective indicators are required (UNEP-CBD 1996; Duraiappah and Naeem 2005) ...
... et al. 2004) or where easily determined land use parameters such as the extent of adjacent semi-natural habitats, or the incidence of fertilizer use, predict broad species richness (Billeter et al. 2008). While simple, cost-effective indicators are required (UNEP-CBD 1996; Duraiappah and Naeem 2005) ...
An intercontinental comparison of the dynamic
... 3 years. In contrast, 2-year species can show even stronger negative lags but at longer time intervals, so they tend to have longer cycles. In any case, acorn crops of the two types of oaks are generally asynchronous, because both depend on similar environmental conditions during flowering, but in r ...
... 3 years. In contrast, 2-year species can show even stronger negative lags but at longer time intervals, so they tend to have longer cycles. In any case, acorn crops of the two types of oaks are generally asynchronous, because both depend on similar environmental conditions during flowering, but in r ...
Species-rich ecosystems are vulnerable to cascading extinctions in an increasingly variable world
... in abundance when rare—the so-called invasibility criterion (MacArthur 1972). One of the conditions for this criterion to be fulfilled is that species differ in their response to the environmental variability. On a similar note, it has been argued that intermediate intensity and frequency of disturb ...
... in abundance when rare—the so-called invasibility criterion (MacArthur 1972). One of the conditions for this criterion to be fulfilled is that species differ in their response to the environmental variability. On a similar note, it has been argued that intermediate intensity and frequency of disturb ...
How important are mangroves and seagrass beds for coral
... The very low densities of 11 species, of which 4 species showed a highly consistent pattern for the different sets of islands, on reefs of islands without bay nursery habitats supports the hypothesis that mangroves and seagrass beds are important nurseries for juvenile reef fish, and suggests that f ...
... The very low densities of 11 species, of which 4 species showed a highly consistent pattern for the different sets of islands, on reefs of islands without bay nursery habitats supports the hypothesis that mangroves and seagrass beds are important nurseries for juvenile reef fish, and suggests that f ...
Predation by Feral Cats - Tree House Humane Society
... have disappeared long ago. But populations of birds on oceanic islands have evolved in circumstances in which predation from mammalian predators was negligible and they, and any other island vertebrates, are therefore particularly vulnerable to predation when cats have been introduced." B. M. Fitzge ...
... have disappeared long ago. But populations of birds on oceanic islands have evolved in circumstances in which predation from mammalian predators was negligible and they, and any other island vertebrates, are therefore particularly vulnerable to predation when cats have been introduced." B. M. Fitzge ...
Sexratio meiotic drive and interspecific competition
... disadvantage (r1 = 0.54, r2 = 0.6), species 1 can still exclude species 2 if the sex ratio is greater than 0.58. Note that when competition is weak, species 2 cannot be excluded with parameters employed and thus there is no upper dotted line. Figure 1b shows the proportion of the community that is s ...
... disadvantage (r1 = 0.54, r2 = 0.6), species 1 can still exclude species 2 if the sex ratio is greater than 0.58. Note that when competition is weak, species 2 cannot be excluded with parameters employed and thus there is no upper dotted line. Figure 1b shows the proportion of the community that is s ...
Decision-making protocols for propagation and introduction of native
... introduction on the genetic diversity and local adaptation of extant or nearby plant populations. In this light, one can consider three key project types as set out in the following questions: (1) Is the project an introduction of a new population in an area where no extant populations occur within ...
... introduction on the genetic diversity and local adaptation of extant or nearby plant populations. In this light, one can consider three key project types as set out in the following questions: (1) Is the project an introduction of a new population in an area where no extant populations occur within ...
第八週
... • Growth equations for two populations coexisting independently (cont.). – For species 1; dN2 /dt = r2N2 [(K2 - N2) / K2] • r = per capita rate of population growth ...
... • Growth equations for two populations coexisting independently (cont.). – For species 1; dN2 /dt = r2N2 [(K2 - N2) / K2] • r = per capita rate of population growth ...
Histological Description of the Male and Female Gonads in Tegula
... (1956), Healy (1988), and Hickman pointed out that species with external fertilization, such as most of the archaeogastropods, have this type of spermatozoa, which characterizes them as primitive. The acrosome in gastropod spermatozoa shows great variation as to size, composition, and morphology and ...
... (1956), Healy (1988), and Hickman pointed out that species with external fertilization, such as most of the archaeogastropods, have this type of spermatozoa, which characterizes them as primitive. The acrosome in gastropod spermatozoa shows great variation as to size, composition, and morphology and ...
Plant succession: theory and applications
... application of succession theory to aquatic environments. The term ’ecological succession’ is usually applied only to directional change over a period of years; short-term cyclic seasonal changes and long-term climatic changes are regarded as being imposed upon an underlying successional pattern. Ea ...
... application of succession theory to aquatic environments. The term ’ecological succession’ is usually applied only to directional change over a period of years; short-term cyclic seasonal changes and long-term climatic changes are regarded as being imposed upon an underlying successional pattern. Ea ...
- Bergen.org
... 6. Which of the following statements is best supported by this graph? F. Most often, the bird eats insects. G. Most often, the bird nests above ground. H. Most often, the bird finds prey at ground level. J. Most often, the bird eats prey that is between 3 and 5 mm long. ...
... 6. Which of the following statements is best supported by this graph? F. Most often, the bird eats insects. G. Most often, the bird nests above ground. H. Most often, the bird finds prey at ground level. J. Most often, the bird eats prey that is between 3 and 5 mm long. ...
Historical land use and environmental determinants
... nonnative plants have invaded nature reserves on every continent, with the exception of Antarctica (Usher et al., 1988), and nonnative species have altered ecosystem processes (Ehrenfeld, 2003) and contributed in various degrees to the decline of rare native species in a variety of ecosystems (Clave ...
... nonnative plants have invaded nature reserves on every continent, with the exception of Antarctica (Usher et al., 1988), and nonnative species have altered ecosystem processes (Ehrenfeld, 2003) and contributed in various degrees to the decline of rare native species in a variety of ecosystems (Clave ...
- Wiley Online Library
... studies (Emrich et al. 2014). Photographs used with permission: mosquito – M. Brock Fenton, bat with pollen – J. Nagel, fox snake – C. Davy all others E.L. Clare. ...
... studies (Emrich et al. 2014). Photographs used with permission: mosquito – M. Brock Fenton, bat with pollen – J. Nagel, fox snake – C. Davy all others E.L. Clare. ...
Species Richness and the Temporal Stability of Biomass Production
... sustainability and reduced risk are often primary goals. Today, the specter of rapid biodiversity loss from ecosystems adds urgency to the effort to understand and to articulate the relationship between biological diversity and the different components of ecological stability (Hooper et al. 2005; Iv ...
... sustainability and reduced risk are often primary goals. Today, the specter of rapid biodiversity loss from ecosystems adds urgency to the effort to understand and to articulate the relationship between biological diversity and the different components of ecological stability (Hooper et al. 2005; Iv ...
Langwig et al 2012 - Kilpatrick Lab - University of California, Santa
... function, which is greatly reduced during hibernation (Moore et al. 2011), would be predicted to increase. Thus, dryer sites would be hypothesised to have lower disease impacts and increasing roost site temperature may increase or decrease WNS impacts depending on whether host or pathogen processes ...
... function, which is greatly reduced during hibernation (Moore et al. 2011), would be predicted to increase. Thus, dryer sites would be hypothesised to have lower disease impacts and increasing roost site temperature may increase or decrease WNS impacts depending on whether host or pathogen processes ...
Mimicry - eweb.furman.edu
... Crypsis: - crypsis is the ability of an organism to avoid observation or detection by other organisms. It may be either a predation strategy or an antipredator adaptation, and methods include camouflage, nocturnality, subterranean lifestyle, transparency,[2] and mimicry (Wikipedia). ...
... Crypsis: - crypsis is the ability of an organism to avoid observation or detection by other organisms. It may be either a predation strategy or an antipredator adaptation, and methods include camouflage, nocturnality, subterranean lifestyle, transparency,[2] and mimicry (Wikipedia). ...
Rapid Evolutionary Change and the Coexistence of Species
... making coexistence more likely. In this framework a species’ mean fitness refers to the component of its population growth rate that is independent of its density and the density of competing species (see the sidebar on Ecological Versus Evolutionary Fitness for a further discussion of ecological fitn ...
... making coexistence more likely. In this framework a species’ mean fitness refers to the component of its population growth rate that is independent of its density and the density of competing species (see the sidebar on Ecological Versus Evolutionary Fitness for a further discussion of ecological fitn ...
Rapid Evolutionary Change and the Coexistence of Species
... making coexistence more likely. In this framework a species’ mean fitness refers to the component of its population growth rate that is independent of its density and the density of competing species (see the sidebar on Ecological Versus Evolutionary Fitness for a further discussion of ecological fitn ...
... making coexistence more likely. In this framework a species’ mean fitness refers to the component of its population growth rate that is independent of its density and the density of competing species (see the sidebar on Ecological Versus Evolutionary Fitness for a further discussion of ecological fitn ...
Island restoration
The ecological restoration of islands, or island restoration, is the application of the principles of ecological restoration to islands and island groups. Islands, due to their isolation, are home to many of the world's endemic species, as well as important breeding grounds for seabirds and some marine mammals. Their ecosystems are also very vulnerable to human disturbance and particularly to introduced species, due to their small size. Island groups such as New Zealand and Hawaii have undergone substantial extinctions and losses of habitat. Since the 1950s several organisations and government agencies around the world have worked to restore islands to their original states; New Zealand has used them to hold natural populations of species that would otherwise be unable to survive in the wild. The principal components of island restoration are the removal of introduced species and the reintroduction of native species.