this PDF file - African Invertebrates
... primarily on the avoidance o f conflict situations, with overt aggressive behaviour seldom displayed. Although the opportunistic existence that this species has developed is probably obligatory due to their sedentary lifestyle and limited availability of resources, this behaviour nonetheless allows ...
... primarily on the avoidance o f conflict situations, with overt aggressive behaviour seldom displayed. Although the opportunistic existence that this species has developed is probably obligatory due to their sedentary lifestyle and limited availability of resources, this behaviour nonetheless allows ...
competition for hummingbird pollination shapes flower color
... the pollinator shift model does not fully account for the diversity of colors across angiosperms. An alternative model involving competition for pollinators can account for color divergence even in the absence of shifts among functional groups of pollinators. When plants cooccur and flower synchrono ...
... the pollinator shift model does not fully account for the diversity of colors across angiosperms. An alternative model involving competition for pollinators can account for color divergence even in the absence of shifts among functional groups of pollinators. When plants cooccur and flower synchrono ...
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... deer in Tropical Asia. It’s habitat varies widely from savannah to mangroves and it is indiscriminate with its herbivorous diet, eating many types of course vegetation. Despite it’s adaptability, populations outside protected areas are at a very high risk with some having faced up to 50% declines ov ...
... deer in Tropical Asia. It’s habitat varies widely from savannah to mangroves and it is indiscriminate with its herbivorous diet, eating many types of course vegetation. Despite it’s adaptability, populations outside protected areas are at a very high risk with some having faced up to 50% declines ov ...
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... because the fan-shaped growth form is regular a n d even; colomes which have undergone partial mortality are irregular in growth form and were considered only in calculations of density, not a g e frequency. Density was approximated by counting all colonies within 3.0 m either side of the observatio ...
... because the fan-shaped growth form is regular a n d even; colomes which have undergone partial mortality are irregular in growth form and were considered only in calculations of density, not a g e frequency. Density was approximated by counting all colonies within 3.0 m either side of the observatio ...
Dynamics of ecological communities in variable environments
... The environment that affects the population dynamics of species is naturally variable and unpredictable. Usually there is a wide spectrum of environmental variables that can change both temporally and spatially, such as climatic factors (Ruokolainen et al. 2009). Variation in the environment can aff ...
... The environment that affects the population dynamics of species is naturally variable and unpredictable. Usually there is a wide spectrum of environmental variables that can change both temporally and spatially, such as climatic factors (Ruokolainen et al. 2009). Variation in the environment can aff ...
abiotic vs. biotic influences on habitat selection
... influences on bird distributions and habitat choice. However, nest-site shifts and microhabitat use also appear to be influenced by interactions among coexisting species. Moreover, shifts in habitat use by all species caused nest predation (i.e., biotic) costs that increased with increasing distance ...
... influences on bird distributions and habitat choice. However, nest-site shifts and microhabitat use also appear to be influenced by interactions among coexisting species. Moreover, shifts in habitat use by all species caused nest predation (i.e., biotic) costs that increased with increasing distance ...
Nitrogen enrichment and plant communities
... and mycorrhizal symbiosis.33 In addition to biological N fixation through symbiosis, plants can also exert feedback control over N cycling although effects of litter chemistry on decomposition and soil microorganism communities34,35 (but see Ref. 36). This concept of multiple resource limitation is ...
... and mycorrhizal symbiosis.33 In addition to biological N fixation through symbiosis, plants can also exert feedback control over N cycling although effects of litter chemistry on decomposition and soil microorganism communities34,35 (but see Ref. 36). This concept of multiple resource limitation is ...
Response of macroarthropod assemblages to the loss
... The Harvard Forest Hemlock Removal Experiment (HF-HeRE) includes two canopy-level manipulations that mimic structural changes caused either by the adelgid or by logging, each of which was applied to replicated 90 3 90 m (0.81 ha) forest plots with at least 70% (basal area) hemlock. The complete expe ...
... The Harvard Forest Hemlock Removal Experiment (HF-HeRE) includes two canopy-level manipulations that mimic structural changes caused either by the adelgid or by logging, each of which was applied to replicated 90 3 90 m (0.81 ha) forest plots with at least 70% (basal area) hemlock. The complete expe ...
Food Webs, Risks of Alien Enemies and Reform of Biological Control
... omnivorous species. It has been argued that trophic spectra are a more accurate concept than discrete trophic levels for the relationships among the consumers and the consumed for many ecological communities (Polis and Strong, 1996). Self-damping is an element of intraspecific interactions that is e ...
... omnivorous species. It has been argued that trophic spectra are a more accurate concept than discrete trophic levels for the relationships among the consumers and the consumed for many ecological communities (Polis and Strong, 1996). Self-damping is an element of intraspecific interactions that is e ...
AMPHIPODS AS FOOD SOURCES FOR HIGHER TROPHIC
... With more than 820 different species, among which about 75% endemics, the amphipod crustaceans form one of the richest animal group of the Southern Ocean. They have colonized most habitats and exhibit very diverse life styles and trophic types. They moreover show a broad size spectrum, with numerous ...
... With more than 820 different species, among which about 75% endemics, the amphipod crustaceans form one of the richest animal group of the Southern Ocean. They have colonized most habitats and exhibit very diverse life styles and trophic types. They moreover show a broad size spectrum, with numerous ...
The Distribution, Abundance And Ecological Impacts Of Invasive
... however not possible to mention each and everyone’s name here, but I sincerely appreciate and thank all of them. First, I would like to express my thanks to Dr. John Mworia and Dr. Nathan Gichuki my supervisors for their invaluable time that they spent in providing guidance during the study. Your av ...
... however not possible to mention each and everyone’s name here, but I sincerely appreciate and thank all of them. First, I would like to express my thanks to Dr. John Mworia and Dr. Nathan Gichuki my supervisors for their invaluable time that they spent in providing guidance during the study. Your av ...
A directory of wetlands in New Zealand
... Conservation measures taken: With the recent acquisition of Okiwi Station which adjoins the Whangapoua Estuary on three sides, all of the wetland is now Crown land, either harbour bed or land held as conservation area and administered and managed by the Department of Conservation. A small area of co ...
... Conservation measures taken: With the recent acquisition of Okiwi Station which adjoins the Whangapoua Estuary on three sides, all of the wetland is now Crown land, either harbour bed or land held as conservation area and administered and managed by the Department of Conservation. A small area of co ...
Pink-footed Shearwater - Registre public des espèces en péril
... Any indigenous species, subspecies, variety, or geographically or genetically distinct population of wild fauna and flora. A species that no longer exists. A species no longer existing in the wild in Canada, but occurring elsewhere. A species facing imminent extirpation or extinction. A species like ...
... Any indigenous species, subspecies, variety, or geographically or genetically distinct population of wild fauna and flora. A species that no longer exists. A species no longer existing in the wild in Canada, but occurring elsewhere. A species facing imminent extirpation or extinction. A species like ...
Wilderness Conservation in a Biodiversity Hotspot
... The island of Madagascar is one of the world’s highest biodiversity conservation priorities. It is considered one of the most important of the world’s 18 megadiversity countries (Mittermeier et al. 1997) and one of the very highest priority biodiversity hotspots as well (Mittermeier et al. 1999; 200 ...
... The island of Madagascar is one of the world’s highest biodiversity conservation priorities. It is considered one of the most important of the world’s 18 megadiversity countries (Mittermeier et al. 1997) and one of the very highest priority biodiversity hotspots as well (Mittermeier et al. 1999; 200 ...
A Community Matrix Analysis of Heliconia Insect Communities
... Heliconia imbricata flowers during the rainy season from June through September. However, in contrast to H. wagneriana, most plants flower synchronously a t the beginning of June and only a few inflorescences begin after that time. Thus, a t a given time, most of the inflorescences in a locality are ...
... Heliconia imbricata flowers during the rainy season from June through September. However, in contrast to H. wagneriana, most plants flower synchronously a t the beginning of June and only a few inflorescences begin after that time. Thus, a t a given time, most of the inflorescences in a locality are ...
diel and seasonal variation in species composition and abundance
... These seagrass beds had the form of terraces raised approximately 1 m above the surrounding sand bottom. The meadows were composed of a dense mixture of Thalassia testudinum and Synngodium filiforme, with Thalassia the much more abundant vegetation. The presence of unattached or drift algae was not ...
... These seagrass beds had the form of terraces raised approximately 1 m above the surrounding sand bottom. The meadows were composed of a dense mixture of Thalassia testudinum and Synngodium filiforme, with Thalassia the much more abundant vegetation. The presence of unattached or drift algae was not ...
Thompson 2009 - Department of Biology
... aptations to parasites or predators. Similarly, there is no biological reason why species cannot coevolve simultaneously with multiple other species. We therefore need more sophisticated ways of understanding how reciprocal selection shapes webs of interaction. The first step is to understand better ...
... aptations to parasites or predators. Similarly, there is no biological reason why species cannot coevolve simultaneously with multiple other species. We therefore need more sophisticated ways of understanding how reciprocal selection shapes webs of interaction. The first step is to understand better ...
Feral Populations of Amphibians and Reptiles in the Ryukyu
... these islands, Ishigakijima may not have an established population yet, because the record derives from a single observation (Japan Wildlife Research Center, 2001), and no other recent surveys on this island have yielded any evidence of its occurrence (Mi. Toda, unpublished data). On the other islan ...
... these islands, Ishigakijima may not have an established population yet, because the record derives from a single observation (Japan Wildlife Research Center, 2001), and no other recent surveys on this island have yielded any evidence of its occurrence (Mi. Toda, unpublished data). On the other islan ...
Revisiting an Old Riddle: What Determines Genetic Diversity Levels
... 1 Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, 2 Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, 3 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of ...
... 1 Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, 2 Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, 3 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of ...
Gibson Desert 1 (GD1 - Lateritic Plain subregion)
... Action Plan for Australian Marsupials and Monotremes Action Plan for Australian Marsupials and Monotremes Action Plan for Australian Marsupials and Monotremes Action Plan for Australian Marsupials and Monotremes Action Plan for Australian Marsupials and Monotremes Action Plan for Australian Reptiles ...
... Action Plan for Australian Marsupials and Monotremes Action Plan for Australian Marsupials and Monotremes Action Plan for Australian Marsupials and Monotremes Action Plan for Australian Marsupials and Monotremes Action Plan for Australian Marsupials and Monotremes Action Plan for Australian Reptiles ...
The Community Biodiversity Index and Biodiversity Awareness
... BioBlitz is a great way for schools, religious institutions, and other community groups to sample the diversity of life within a given area. A BioBlitz takes place over twelve or twenty-four hours during which community members team up with scientists to find and identify as many living species as p ...
... BioBlitz is a great way for schools, religious institutions, and other community groups to sample the diversity of life within a given area. A BioBlitz takes place over twelve or twenty-four hours during which community members team up with scientists to find and identify as many living species as p ...
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... Formerly widespread in Australia, the Malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata) is now nationally listed as vulnerable under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act 1999 and listed as endangered in New South Wales (NSW) under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (Benshemesh, 2 ...
... Formerly widespread in Australia, the Malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata) is now nationally listed as vulnerable under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act 1999 and listed as endangered in New South Wales (NSW) under the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (Benshemesh, 2 ...
Abiotic vs. Biotic Influences on Habitat Selection of Coexisting
... influences on bird distributions and habitat choice. However, nest-site shifts and microhabitat use also appear to be influenced by interactions among coexisting species. Moreover, shifts in habitat use by all species caused nest predation (i.e., biotic) costs that increased with increasing distance ...
... influences on bird distributions and habitat choice. However, nest-site shifts and microhabitat use also appear to be influenced by interactions among coexisting species. Moreover, shifts in habitat use by all species caused nest predation (i.e., biotic) costs that increased with increasing distance ...
The habitat of Salpa fusiformis in the California current a
... alike than swarm and nonswarm ones. However, the variability of the similarity indices within each category is high and the means of the various conditions differ by as much as 5%. Although no large-scale diffcrcnces in the diatom assemblages found with S. fusiformis can be attributed to the factors ...
... alike than swarm and nonswarm ones. However, the variability of the similarity indices within each category is high and the means of the various conditions differ by as much as 5%. Although no large-scale diffcrcnces in the diatom assemblages found with S. fusiformis can be attributed to the factors ...
Island restoration
The ecological restoration of islands, or island restoration, is the application of the principles of ecological restoration to islands and island groups. Islands, due to their isolation, are home to many of the world's endemic species, as well as important breeding grounds for seabirds and some marine mammals. Their ecosystems are also very vulnerable to human disturbance and particularly to introduced species, due to their small size. Island groups such as New Zealand and Hawaii have undergone substantial extinctions and losses of habitat. Since the 1950s several organisations and government agencies around the world have worked to restore islands to their original states; New Zealand has used them to hold natural populations of species that would otherwise be unable to survive in the wild. The principal components of island restoration are the removal of introduced species and the reintroduction of native species.