Nearshore fish assemblages associated with introduced predatory
... constructed using chi‐square distance. Chi‐square distance was chosen over other resemblance measures (such as Jaccard or Copyright # 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. ...
... constructed using chi‐square distance. Chi‐square distance was chosen over other resemblance measures (such as Jaccard or Copyright # 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. ...
Macroecology of mangroves: large-scale patterns and processes in
... minimized among mangrove forests. Thus, large-scale patterns in the structure and function of mangrove forests should be readily apparent and straightforward to interpret. Here, I illustrate two examples of macroecological analyses of mangroves. First, I describe relationships among species richness ...
... minimized among mangrove forests. Thus, large-scale patterns in the structure and function of mangrove forests should be readily apparent and straightforward to interpret. Here, I illustrate two examples of macroecological analyses of mangroves. First, I describe relationships among species richness ...
Complex interactions link the microbial
... zooplankton dilutions vs. cyclopoid presence or absence). Differences in treatments with and without C. abyssorum at the different zooplankton dilutions were ascertained by conducting five preplanned contrasts. These were essentially the same as t-tests between the two cyclopoid levels at each zoopl ...
... zooplankton dilutions vs. cyclopoid presence or absence). Differences in treatments with and without C. abyssorum at the different zooplankton dilutions were ascertained by conducting five preplanned contrasts. These were essentially the same as t-tests between the two cyclopoid levels at each zoopl ...
Observed Instances of Speciation
... organisms that are more closely related to each other than to any other organisms. These distinctions are discussed in Baum 1992 and de Queiroz and Donoghue 1990. A recently offered hypothesis suggests that phylogenetic species concepts and the biological species concept may be highly, if not comple ...
... organisms that are more closely related to each other than to any other organisms. These distinctions are discussed in Baum 1992 and de Queiroz and Donoghue 1990. A recently offered hypothesis suggests that phylogenetic species concepts and the biological species concept may be highly, if not comple ...
Ecosystem engineers on plants: indirect facilitation of arthropod
... (dry and rainy seasons). We predict that rolled leaves can amplify arthropod diversity at both the leaf and plant levels and that this effect is stronger in dry seasons, when arthropods are prone to desiccation. Our results show that the abundance, richness, and biomass of arthropods within several ...
... (dry and rainy seasons). We predict that rolled leaves can amplify arthropod diversity at both the leaf and plant levels and that this effect is stronger in dry seasons, when arthropods are prone to desiccation. Our results show that the abundance, richness, and biomass of arthropods within several ...
Rapid diversity and abundance decline in a Caribbean coral reef
... to losses. Loss of sponges is difficult to quantify without a prior census. Dead corals leave behind solid carbonate skeletons in which clues about their lives and deaths are embedded. But sponges quickly fall apart after dying, leaving no trace. High diversity of sponge assemblages renders loss of ...
... to losses. Loss of sponges is difficult to quantify without a prior census. Dead corals leave behind solid carbonate skeletons in which clues about their lives and deaths are embedded. But sponges quickly fall apart after dying, leaving no trace. High diversity of sponge assemblages renders loss of ...
Criteria for Categorizing Invasive Non
... primary goals, which included the development of the criteria, a revision of the list for California and development of lists for Arizona and Nevada, and the compilation of supporting documentation on all species evaluated with the criteria. Early in the process, the committee reviewed several crite ...
... primary goals, which included the development of the criteria, a revision of the list for California and development of lists for Arizona and Nevada, and the compilation of supporting documentation on all species evaluated with the criteria. Early in the process, the committee reviewed several crite ...
Assemblage and interaction structure of the anemonefish
... most other mutualistic interactions, the anemoneanemonefish mutualism is nested in structure (Ollerton et al. 2007). At a regional scale, the most generalist fish interact with both generalist and specialist anemones, and the most generalist anemones interact with generalist and specialist fish; spe ...
... most other mutualistic interactions, the anemoneanemonefish mutualism is nested in structure (Ollerton et al. 2007). At a regional scale, the most generalist fish interact with both generalist and specialist anemones, and the most generalist anemones interact with generalist and specialist fish; spe ...
Army ants in four forests
... 2. We recorded a total of 22 species of army ants. The four sites varied in observed and estimated species richness. Species overlap was highest between the Central American sites, and lowest between the South American sites. 3. Raid activity varied significantly among sites. Raid activity per kilom ...
... 2. We recorded a total of 22 species of army ants. The four sites varied in observed and estimated species richness. Species overlap was highest between the Central American sites, and lowest between the South American sites. 3. Raid activity varied significantly among sites. Raid activity per kilom ...
A mechanistic approach to understanding range shifts in a changing
... (such as breeding on wintering grounds or overwintering on former breeding grounds) also constitute an important change in habitat use and should be considered independently (Clark, 2010; Badyaev, 2009; Stein and Badyaev, 2011; Newman et al., 2006; Atwell et al., 2012). Range changes may occur when ...
... (such as breeding on wintering grounds or overwintering on former breeding grounds) also constitute an important change in habitat use and should be considered independently (Clark, 2010; Badyaev, 2009; Stein and Badyaev, 2011; Newman et al., 2006; Atwell et al., 2012). Range changes may occur when ...
Interspecific Competition and Species` Distributions
... According to Diamond (1978), Hutch- and views here expressed, which were ininson (1975, 1978), and others, the path to valuable in completing the final draft." Beunderstanding of the ecological impor- fore 1944 Lack had seemingly no interest tance of interspecific competition looks in competition an ...
... According to Diamond (1978), Hutch- and views here expressed, which were ininson (1975, 1978), and others, the path to valuable in completing the final draft." Beunderstanding of the ecological impor- fore 1944 Lack had seemingly no interest tance of interspecific competition looks in competition an ...
Invasive Alien Species in Nova Scotia
... How To Use This Guide: Layout Description This guide is divided into three sections: Aquatic ...
... How To Use This Guide: Layout Description This guide is divided into three sections: Aquatic ...
Phylogenetic and functional characteristics of household yard floras
... would see an increase in short-lived, self-pollinating plants with high specific leaf area. Furthermore, with increasing urbanization (quantified in terms of housing density), species number per unit yard area should increase, particularly in lineages dominated by exotic species, causing phylogeneti ...
... would see an increase in short-lived, self-pollinating plants with high specific leaf area. Furthermore, with increasing urbanization (quantified in terms of housing density), species number per unit yard area should increase, particularly in lineages dominated by exotic species, causing phylogeneti ...
Plant species traits are the predominant control on litter
... Species-specific decomposition records and the traits of green leaves and undecomposed leaf litter were collected from published and unpublished sources based on experimental multi-species incubations (see Appendix S1). In most cases, the data were contributed directly by the lead author of the orig ...
... Species-specific decomposition records and the traits of green leaves and undecomposed leaf litter were collected from published and unpublished sources based on experimental multi-species incubations (see Appendix S1). In most cases, the data were contributed directly by the lead author of the orig ...
Field Test of the Effectiveness of Ladybirds in Controlling Aphids
... ity of cases, the adults are winged and can easily move between patches, whereas the immature stages are confined to one patch throughout their development, and their survival is associated with the quality of the patch of prey in which they were born. Therefore, the fitness of most predators (espec ...
... ity of cases, the adults are winged and can easily move between patches, whereas the immature stages are confined to one patch throughout their development, and their survival is associated with the quality of the patch of prey in which they were born. Therefore, the fitness of most predators (espec ...
Life-History Differences among Coral Reef Sponges
... overgrow—and sometimes appear to smother—sponges of the three mutualistic species. The proximate aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that this fourth species is an exploiter, gaining by adhering to sponges of other species as if it were participating in the mutualism but failing to reciproc ...
... overgrow—and sometimes appear to smother—sponges of the three mutualistic species. The proximate aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that this fourth species is an exploiter, gaining by adhering to sponges of other species as if it were participating in the mutualism but failing to reciproc ...
0213187 COVER SHEET FOR PROPOSAL TO THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PD 98-1128 01/10/02
... appropriate null models with which to compare the composition of pre-existing communities (for example, Diamond 1975, Connor and Simberloff 1979, Colwell and Winkler 1984, Gotelli and Graves 1996). When selecting a null model, it can be difficult to determine which species should be included in the ...
... appropriate null models with which to compare the composition of pre-existing communities (for example, Diamond 1975, Connor and Simberloff 1979, Colwell and Winkler 1984, Gotelli and Graves 1996). When selecting a null model, it can be difficult to determine which species should be included in the ...
climate change and connectivity: are corridors the solution?
... many of the studies are not replicable due to their scale. In selecting the studies to be examined in this report, it was important to choose a variety of conservation corridor types: there needed to be a variety of habitats, of focus species or taxonomic groups, and of matrices. Consequently, this ...
... many of the studies are not replicable due to their scale. In selecting the studies to be examined in this report, it was important to choose a variety of conservation corridor types: there needed to be a variety of habitats, of focus species or taxonomic groups, and of matrices. Consequently, this ...
Is a healthy ecosystem one that is rich in parasites?
... global population [20]. Although extinction from parasitism alone appears rare, it is still a matter of concern, because parasitism can reduce numbers in a population to a size where there is an increased extinction risk from all the stochastic processes that affect small populations [21]. ...
... global population [20]. Although extinction from parasitism alone appears rare, it is still a matter of concern, because parasitism can reduce numbers in a population to a size where there is an increased extinction risk from all the stochastic processes that affect small populations [21]. ...
Biogeography and community structure of North American
... species pool) and the degree of specialization in food consumption (4, 113). Competition and resource partitioning have been studied extensively as explanations for community structure and species coexistence in North American seed-harvester ants, with a series of early studies providing the first s ...
... species pool) and the degree of specialization in food consumption (4, 113). Competition and resource partitioning have been studied extensively as explanations for community structure and species coexistence in North American seed-harvester ants, with a series of early studies providing the first s ...
Metaâ•`analysis of the effects of small mammal
... Abstract The disturbance activities of many small mammals, including building burrows, mounds, trails and tunnels, and herbivory, can have significant impacts on their ecosystems, both through trophic and non-trophic interactions. Some species have large enough impacts through their disturbances to ...
... Abstract The disturbance activities of many small mammals, including building burrows, mounds, trails and tunnels, and herbivory, can have significant impacts on their ecosystems, both through trophic and non-trophic interactions. Some species have large enough impacts through their disturbances to ...
landbird conservation plan - Charles Darwin Foundation
... These declines have been most pronounced in humid forest and agricultural zones at higher elevations (Dvorak et al., 2012). On Floreana, studies showing a serious decline in the Medium Tree Finch (Camarhynchus pauper) have lead to an upgrade of this species to “Critically Endangered”, under the IUCN ...
... These declines have been most pronounced in humid forest and agricultural zones at higher elevations (Dvorak et al., 2012). On Floreana, studies showing a serious decline in the Medium Tree Finch (Camarhynchus pauper) have lead to an upgrade of this species to “Critically Endangered”, under the IUCN ...
The dance of the invading jelly-fish
... A first in the Mediterranean This direct correlation between the abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton and jellyfish in turn seems logical. It still remained to explain this 'trophic cascade' - which had never before been done for this species in the Mediterranean - but also to situate this tro ...
... A first in the Mediterranean This direct correlation between the abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton and jellyfish in turn seems logical. It still remained to explain this 'trophic cascade' - which had never before been done for this species in the Mediterranean - but also to situate this tro ...
7th Annual EFJ Public Lecture - The Environmental Foundation of
... are those found only in particular places, such as on particular islands – like Jamaica. The Caribbean is one of 25 recognized global hotspots, and Jamaica is regarded as a ‘hotspot within a hotspot’. Indeed, the ‘Land of Wood and Water’ boasts an impressive list of endemic species – unique forms of ...
... are those found only in particular places, such as on particular islands – like Jamaica. The Caribbean is one of 25 recognized global hotspots, and Jamaica is regarded as a ‘hotspot within a hotspot’. Indeed, the ‘Land of Wood and Water’ boasts an impressive list of endemic species – unique forms of ...