Elevated carbon dioxide is predicted to promote model
... and nutrient cycling. Similar frameworks to model competition have been widely used (Miki and Kondoh 2002; Rastetter and Agren 2002; Herbert et al. 2004; Daufresne and Hedin 2005; Ju and DeAngelis 2009). We simulated the effects of eCa on long-term outcomes of interspecific competition using the pla ...
... and nutrient cycling. Similar frameworks to model competition have been widely used (Miki and Kondoh 2002; Rastetter and Agren 2002; Herbert et al. 2004; Daufresne and Hedin 2005; Ju and DeAngelis 2009). We simulated the effects of eCa on long-term outcomes of interspecific competition using the pla ...
Balanced harvesting in fisheries: economic
... Total yield from the ecosystem Modelling analyses indicate that a BH approach (by drawing from a wider range of aquatic species, and sizes, though at a more moderate rate of total exploitation, relative to a conventional fishery management strategy) will produce a higher total productivity of the ec ...
... Total yield from the ecosystem Modelling analyses indicate that a BH approach (by drawing from a wider range of aquatic species, and sizes, though at a more moderate rate of total exploitation, relative to a conventional fishery management strategy) will produce a higher total productivity of the ec ...
Herrera.1979.Oikos
... represent a nonrandom sample, with respect to the relative frequencies of the various species, of the birds in the habitat. In other words, among flock-participating species, there are some species tending to take part in flocks more frequently, and others less, than expected on the basis of their f ...
... represent a nonrandom sample, with respect to the relative frequencies of the various species, of the birds in the habitat. In other words, among flock-participating species, there are some species tending to take part in flocks more frequently, and others less, than expected on the basis of their f ...
Colonization in metapopulations: a review of
... Expression 2 has often but erroneously been interpreted to mean that a good colonizer always has a high r. In this model, a high ratio of natality to mortality and a large propagule size are the most important determinants of colonization success. The time to extinction of a population varying aroun ...
... Expression 2 has often but erroneously been interpreted to mean that a good colonizer always has a high r. In this model, a high ratio of natality to mortality and a large propagule size are the most important determinants of colonization success. The time to extinction of a population varying aroun ...
THE POPULATION BIOLOGY OF INVASIVE SPECIES Ann K. Sakai
... life-history trait needed for colonization of new areas because colonists must be able to cope with a range of environmental conditions (Baker 1965, 1974, Gray 1986). Comparative and experimental studies of invasive species and noninvasive congeners might elucidate the importance of phenotypic plast ...
... life-history trait needed for colonization of new areas because colonists must be able to cope with a range of environmental conditions (Baker 1965, 1974, Gray 1986). Comparative and experimental studies of invasive species and noninvasive congeners might elucidate the importance of phenotypic plast ...
Flowering patterns in a seasonal tropical lowland forest in Western
... ecosystems since some studies have documented changes in ecological processes, such as fruit abundance, in association with weather anomalies over the past decades (Chapman et al. 2005, Wright & Calderon 2006). Although the evidence suggests that natural ecological patterns may be severely modified ...
... ecosystems since some studies have documented changes in ecological processes, such as fruit abundance, in association with weather anomalies over the past decades (Chapman et al. 2005, Wright & Calderon 2006). Although the evidence suggests that natural ecological patterns may be severely modified ...
Effects of prescribed fall burning on a wetland plant community, with
... (Biomedical Computer Programs P series; BMDP 1992) to evaluate annual changes in relative abundance of plant species and how burning interacted with these annual changes. The total number of hits per block for each plant species was used as the dependent variable, which emphasizes proportions (i.e., ...
... (Biomedical Computer Programs P series; BMDP 1992) to evaluate annual changes in relative abundance of plant species and how burning interacted with these annual changes. The total number of hits per block for each plant species was used as the dependent variable, which emphasizes proportions (i.e., ...
SAIS botanical survey report
... occurring in wild situations on each island, based on their presence or absence in each cell of the Ordinance survey 1km grid. This approach gives a coarse but useful estimate of distribution, achievable in a relatively short time frame, and is widely used around the world as a standard approach to ...
... occurring in wild situations on each island, based on their presence or absence in each cell of the Ordinance survey 1km grid. This approach gives a coarse but useful estimate of distribution, achievable in a relatively short time frame, and is widely used around the world as a standard approach to ...
Invasive Alien Plant Species Found in the Carolinian Zone
... reproduce/regenerate more efficiently, which enables them to succeed above others in local conditions (Weston et al., 2005). When an invasive species establishes itself, it can crowd out and replace native plants and change the natural plant community composition, thereby reducing plant and animal d ...
... reproduce/regenerate more efficiently, which enables them to succeed above others in local conditions (Weston et al., 2005). When an invasive species establishes itself, it can crowd out and replace native plants and change the natural plant community composition, thereby reducing plant and animal d ...
EPBC Act Protected Matters Report
... ecological community distributions are less well known, existing vegetation maps and point location data are used to produce indicative distribution maps. ...
... ecological community distributions are less well known, existing vegetation maps and point location data are used to produce indicative distribution maps. ...
The elephant in the room: the role of failed invasions
... From the 76 reported species with invasive and noninvasive populations (Table 1), we found five distinct factors suggested as reasons for invasion failures: propagule pressure, abiotic resistance, biotic resistance, genetic constraints and mutualist release (Fig. 1). We found taxonomic and geographi ...
... From the 76 reported species with invasive and noninvasive populations (Table 1), we found five distinct factors suggested as reasons for invasion failures: propagule pressure, abiotic resistance, biotic resistance, genetic constraints and mutualist release (Fig. 1). We found taxonomic and geographi ...
... to composition. Similarly, to attribute effects to composition, it is necessary to control for differences in diversity. I use this approach to distinguish between effects caused by diversity vs. composition. This requires that experiments, observational studies, and theory be designed as previously ...
Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit Coordinating
... competition and physiology in limiting species distributions. Groups of closely related species with abutting, non-overlapping elevational ranges are key components of biodiversity and endemism in the tropics and have been documented across taxa (Cadena et al. 2011). However, the mechanisms underlyi ...
... competition and physiology in limiting species distributions. Groups of closely related species with abutting, non-overlapping elevational ranges are key components of biodiversity and endemism in the tropics and have been documented across taxa (Cadena et al. 2011). However, the mechanisms underlyi ...
Once a Batesian mimic, not always a Batesian mimic: mimic reverts
... Batesian mimics gain protection from predation through the evolution of physical similarities to a model species that possesses anti-predator defences. This protection should not be effective in the absence of the model since the predator does not identify the mimic as potentially dangerous and both ...
... Batesian mimics gain protection from predation through the evolution of physical similarities to a model species that possesses anti-predator defences. This protection should not be effective in the absence of the model since the predator does not identify the mimic as potentially dangerous and both ...
Species richness and evenness respond in a
... evenness, or how relative abundance or biomass is distributed among species (Huston 1994; Purvis and Hector 2000; Magurran 2004). These components are combined in diversity indices (e.g., Shannon’s H¢ and Simpson’s diversity). Evenness indices standardize abundance and range from near 0 when most in ...
... evenness, or how relative abundance or biomass is distributed among species (Huston 1994; Purvis and Hector 2000; Magurran 2004). These components are combined in diversity indices (e.g., Shannon’s H¢ and Simpson’s diversity). Evenness indices standardize abundance and range from near 0 when most in ...
The American Alligator: An Indicator Species for Everglades
... in south Florida, from freshwater marshes and swamps to mangrove estuaries. As development and watermanagement practices have reduced the quantity and quality of these habitats, alligator populations have declined throughout the Greater Everglades. Everglades restoration aims to enhance quality of n ...
... in south Florida, from freshwater marshes and swamps to mangrove estuaries. As development and watermanagement practices have reduced the quantity and quality of these habitats, alligator populations have declined throughout the Greater Everglades. Everglades restoration aims to enhance quality of n ...
Is the 10-Year Wildlife Cycle Induced by a Lunar Cycle?
... Within the frameworkof intrinsic hypotheses, the periodicity and approximate synchrony of the 10-year cycle have been difficult to explain convincingly. The persistent period is explained only with the tenuous assumption that major disturbing influences are absent or unusually infrequent (Lack 1954: ...
... Within the frameworkof intrinsic hypotheses, the periodicity and approximate synchrony of the 10-year cycle have been difficult to explain convincingly. The persistent period is explained only with the tenuous assumption that major disturbing influences are absent or unusually infrequent (Lack 1954: ...
Multiple effects of exotic largemouth bass
... species (Tonn and Magnuson 1982; Rahel 1984). These factors affect predatory performance and the efficiency of piscivorous species, and alter prey-predator interaction. For example, increasing habitat structural complexity with aquatic macrophytes, rocks, or coarse woody materials decreases predatory e ...
... species (Tonn and Magnuson 1982; Rahel 1984). These factors affect predatory performance and the efficiency of piscivorous species, and alter prey-predator interaction. For example, increasing habitat structural complexity with aquatic macrophytes, rocks, or coarse woody materials decreases predatory e ...
Paxton Lake Benthic and Limnetic Stickleback (Gasterosteus
... beyond a single breeding season. Reproductive females have multiple clutches in quick succession. Nesting males will mate with several to many females, and are thought to often nest more than once within a single breeding season. Benthics delay sexual maturation and on average begin mating as two-ye ...
... beyond a single breeding season. Reproductive females have multiple clutches in quick succession. Nesting males will mate with several to many females, and are thought to often nest more than once within a single breeding season. Benthics delay sexual maturation and on average begin mating as two-ye ...
a transcontinental risk assessment of barriers to animal
... observed relationship between richness and the location of current barriers to a null expectation where the occurrence of barriers and richness are independent. We calculated the richness of all border species within 50-km windows centred at 1-km intervals on the border. We calculated the cumulative ...
... observed relationship between richness and the location of current barriers to a null expectation where the occurrence of barriers and richness are independent. We calculated the richness of all border species within 50-km windows centred at 1-km intervals on the border. We calculated the cumulative ...
Extinctions in Ecological Communities – Alva Curtsdotter
... In the dawning of what may become Earth’s 6th mass extinction the topic of this thesis, understanding extinction processes and what determines the magnitude of species loss, has become only too relevant. The number of known extinctions (~850) during the last centuries translates to extinction rates ...
... In the dawning of what may become Earth’s 6th mass extinction the topic of this thesis, understanding extinction processes and what determines the magnitude of species loss, has become only too relevant. The number of known extinctions (~850) during the last centuries translates to extinction rates ...
Interspecific information transfer influences animal community
... such as groups of hornbills and mongooses in Africa [37]. Such stable groups can be mobile (e.g. flocks or herds), or can stay in one place (e.g. colonies or roosts). There are several potential information benefits to joining mixedspecies groups (Box 2). In brief, mixed-species groups can provide i ...
... such as groups of hornbills and mongooses in Africa [37]. Such stable groups can be mobile (e.g. flocks or herds), or can stay in one place (e.g. colonies or roosts). There are several potential information benefits to joining mixedspecies groups (Box 2). In brief, mixed-species groups can provide i ...
Deer Populations - Frostburg State University
... because they do not find them palatable. With less plant sources available for deer and other herbivores, there will in effect be less herbivores overall. Having a small herbivore population will cause there to be a smaller carnivore population, since they will have limited food supplies. Less plant ...
... because they do not find them palatable. With less plant sources available for deer and other herbivores, there will in effect be less herbivores overall. Having a small herbivore population will cause there to be a smaller carnivore population, since they will have limited food supplies. Less plant ...
silvafennicaartic
... which objectives or measures of biodiversity they will focus on. As different biodiversity objectives (i.e. species in our case study) are often antithetical or conflicting, management actions for one objective can be detrimental to achieving other objectives (Prendergast et al. 1993; Similä et al. ...
... which objectives or measures of biodiversity they will focus on. As different biodiversity objectives (i.e. species in our case study) are often antithetical or conflicting, management actions for one objective can be detrimental to achieving other objectives (Prendergast et al. 1993; Similä et al. ...
Food web structure of three guilds of natural enemies: predators
... the predator web that are likely to bracket what actually occurs in the field. In the first we assume that each predator feeds on the aphids on a particular host plant in proportion to their abundance. In the second we assume that the predator feeds only on the most abundant prey species (leading to ...
... the predator web that are likely to bracket what actually occurs in the field. In the first we assume that each predator feeds on the aphids on a particular host plant in proportion to their abundance. In the second we assume that the predator feeds only on the most abundant prey species (leading to ...