On the structural stability of mutualistic systems
... the question of how interspecific interactions increase the persistence of species for a given parameterization of intrinsic growth rates. As we will show below, this is also the core of the problem in studies that are based on arbitrary numerical simulations. Numerical simulations Numerical simulat ...
... the question of how interspecific interactions increase the persistence of species for a given parameterization of intrinsic growth rates. As we will show below, this is also the core of the problem in studies that are based on arbitrary numerical simulations. Numerical simulations Numerical simulat ...
Combinatorial functional diversity: an information theoretical approach
... it uses frequencies of trait combinations (fk) so that there is no need to calculate relative frequencies (estimated probabilities in eq. 3). The minimum of CFD is 0, when all species have the same trait combination, while the maximum is log s obtained in the case with fk = 1 for all realized combin ...
... it uses frequencies of trait combinations (fk) so that there is no need to calculate relative frequencies (estimated probabilities in eq. 3). The minimum of CFD is 0, when all species have the same trait combination, while the maximum is log s obtained in the case with fk = 1 for all realized combin ...
how do different measures of functional diversity perform?
... lack of competition for similar resources (e.g., MacArthur and Levins 1967). For example, species that exhibit a large diversity of above and below ground architectures should coexist, capture light, and forage resources more completely and efficiently than a community containing species all with si ...
... lack of competition for similar resources (e.g., MacArthur and Levins 1967). For example, species that exhibit a large diversity of above and below ground architectures should coexist, capture light, and forage resources more completely and efficiently than a community containing species all with si ...
Extinction and the zoogeography of West Indian land mammals
... Hershkovitz, 1958; Savage, 1974; Baker & Genoways, 1978). Most zoogeographers agree that the Antillean mammal fauna was derived primarily from Central and South America, since only a small percentage of the taxa are related to North American groups. Recent studies on the plate tectonic history of th ...
... Hershkovitz, 1958; Savage, 1974; Baker & Genoways, 1978). Most zoogeographers agree that the Antillean mammal fauna was derived primarily from Central and South America, since only a small percentage of the taxa are related to North American groups. Recent studies on the plate tectonic history of th ...
pdf file - UNM Biology
... original set of four kangaroo rat removal and four control plots, a series of 155 census periods was used for the analysis (September 1977-January 199 1). For the new set of four kangaroo rat removal and four control plots initiated in 1988, this series was divided into a premanipulation series of 1 ...
... original set of four kangaroo rat removal and four control plots, a series of 155 census periods was used for the analysis (September 1977-January 199 1). For the new set of four kangaroo rat removal and four control plots initiated in 1988, this series was divided into a premanipulation series of 1 ...
Experimental Tests of the Dependence of Arthropod Diversity on Plant Diversity
... 491 species in 16 orders (app. C). Both plant species diversity and plant functional diversity influenced total arthropod diversity and arthropod trophic group diversity. In simple regressions, log 2 (number of species planted) (fig. 1A, table 1) and the number of functional groups planted (fig. 1B, ...
... 491 species in 16 orders (app. C). Both plant species diversity and plant functional diversity influenced total arthropod diversity and arthropod trophic group diversity. In simple regressions, log 2 (number of species planted) (fig. 1A, table 1) and the number of functional groups planted (fig. 1B, ...
cws-RecoveryInfo2
... process and outcome of setting both recovery goals and population and distribution (P&D) objectives: 1. Be precautionary – Preventative measures should be taken to avoid harm or secure good in order to safeguard against irreversible damage to a species including extinctions or local extirpations. Th ...
... process and outcome of setting both recovery goals and population and distribution (P&D) objectives: 1. Be precautionary – Preventative measures should be taken to avoid harm or secure good in order to safeguard against irreversible damage to a species including extinctions or local extirpations. Th ...
Plant Succession Following Nuèes Ardentes of Mt. Merapi Volcano
... succession with the older sites, regaining nearly complete stratified forest vegetation after 14 years. In terms of species interspecific associations, positive associations were greater than negative associations as time progressed in the primary succession. The nitrogenfixing species Calliandra ca ...
... succession with the older sites, regaining nearly complete stratified forest vegetation after 14 years. In terms of species interspecific associations, positive associations were greater than negative associations as time progressed in the primary succession. The nitrogenfixing species Calliandra ca ...
Geographic Variation in Camouflage Specialization by a Decorator
... biotic or abiotic stresses may become commensal, and commensalisms may become antagonistic when those stresses are relaxed (e.g., Palumbi 1985; Hay 1986; Bronstein 1994; Bertness and Leonard 1997; Holzapfel and Mahall 1999; Stachowicz and Hay 1999a). Although many biologists recognize that biotic in ...
... biotic or abiotic stresses may become commensal, and commensalisms may become antagonistic when those stresses are relaxed (e.g., Palumbi 1985; Hay 1986; Bronstein 1994; Bertness and Leonard 1997; Holzapfel and Mahall 1999; Stachowicz and Hay 1999a). Although many biologists recognize that biotic in ...
12 Terrestrial fauna - The Department of State Development
... At each of the systematic survey sites, all standard vertebrate survey techniques were used except for harp trapping which requires suitable flyways for efficiency. This technique was used opportunistically. Survey techniques excluding pitfall and box trapping were used at the supplementary survey s ...
... At each of the systematic survey sites, all standard vertebrate survey techniques were used except for harp trapping which requires suitable flyways for efficiency. This technique was used opportunistically. Survey techniques excluding pitfall and box trapping were used at the supplementary survey s ...
Status of marine species and habitats
... were prevalent across the archipelago 40 years ago, whereas today they are greatly reduced (to <5% of their historical range) and restricted to localities in the far north and west of the archipelago and a few fragments elsewhere. Today the prevalent habitat across subtidal rocky reefs is urchin bar ...
... were prevalent across the archipelago 40 years ago, whereas today they are greatly reduced (to <5% of their historical range) and restricted to localities in the far north and west of the archipelago and a few fragments elsewhere. Today the prevalent habitat across subtidal rocky reefs is urchin bar ...
Human-induced biotic invasions and changes in plankton
... including their juvenile stages; omnivores include three probably native species of Acartia spp., ...
... including their juvenile stages; omnivores include three probably native species of Acartia spp., ...
5.1 Celtic Sea Ecoregion-Ecosystem overview
... Several fish species have been depleted by fishing in the past and are now on the OSPAR list of threatened and declining species (see full list below), including spurdog Squallus acanthias, the common skate complex Dipturus spp., angel shark Squatina squatina, porbeagle Lamna nasus, and some deep-wa ...
... Several fish species have been depleted by fishing in the past and are now on the OSPAR list of threatened and declining species (see full list below), including spurdog Squallus acanthias, the common skate complex Dipturus spp., angel shark Squatina squatina, porbeagle Lamna nasus, and some deep-wa ...
Primefact 9: Macquarie Perch, Third Editon
... stocked or translocated into a number of reservoirs including Talbingo, Cataract and Khancoban reservoirs and translocated into streams including the Mongarlowe River. There has been a significant decline in the distribution and abundance of Macquarie Perch in all river systems in NSW and therefore ...
... stocked or translocated into a number of reservoirs including Talbingo, Cataract and Khancoban reservoirs and translocated into streams including the Mongarlowe River. There has been a significant decline in the distribution and abundance of Macquarie Perch in all river systems in NSW and therefore ...
Marine Ecology Progress Series 224:21
... ABSTRACT: We conducted field surveys of rocky intertidal communities at 18 sites distributed between 29°S and 36°S on the coast of central Chile in order to document broad patterns of functional and trophic group abundance and evaluate their association with oceanographic features. Results showed th ...
... ABSTRACT: We conducted field surveys of rocky intertidal communities at 18 sites distributed between 29°S and 36°S on the coast of central Chile in order to document broad patterns of functional and trophic group abundance and evaluate their association with oceanographic features. Results showed th ...
Living in a landscape of fear: the impact of predation, resource
... also selected areas of their range with higher canopies and higher understory visibility, behaviour consistent with further minimizing risk of predation. These results contrast with those of vervet monkeys, Chlorocebus aethiops pygerythrus, at the same site for which the landscapes of fear from leop ...
... also selected areas of their range with higher canopies and higher understory visibility, behaviour consistent with further minimizing risk of predation. These results contrast with those of vervet monkeys, Chlorocebus aethiops pygerythrus, at the same site for which the landscapes of fear from leop ...
global efforts to limit Australian acacia invasions
... and so the extent of invasions is the result of greater introduction and dissemination efforts. Even if the former were true, and managers needed to concentrate only on existing known invaders, Australian acacia invasions are still likely to increase in global extent over the next few decades (Richa ...
... and so the extent of invasions is the result of greater introduction and dissemination efforts. Even if the former were true, and managers needed to concentrate only on existing known invaders, Australian acacia invasions are still likely to increase in global extent over the next few decades (Richa ...
Threats, conservation strategies, and prognosis for suckers
... Catostomid fishes are a diverse family of 76+ freshwater species that are distributed across North America in many different habitats. This group of fish is facing a variety of impacts and conservation issues that are somewhat unique relative to more economically valuable and heavily managed fish specie ...
... Catostomid fishes are a diverse family of 76+ freshwater species that are distributed across North America in many different habitats. This group of fish is facing a variety of impacts and conservation issues that are somewhat unique relative to more economically valuable and heavily managed fish specie ...
IDENTIFICATION OF IMPORTANT HABITATS IN THE LOWER
... were based on disturbance distances derived from 1) technical literature, 2) analyses we conducted (identifying the observed minimum distance between developed land and occupied habitat), 3) expert observation, and 4) agency rules. Distances depended on habitat function (e.g., reproduction, foraging ...
... were based on disturbance distances derived from 1) technical literature, 2) analyses we conducted (identifying the observed minimum distance between developed land and occupied habitat), 3) expert observation, and 4) agency rules. Distances depended on habitat function (e.g., reproduction, foraging ...
Understanding the combined biodiversity benefits of the component
... 2.1. This review focussed on species recognised as Species of Principal Importance for the conservation of biodiversity under Section 41 (England) and Section 42 (Wales) of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act (2006). The equivalent legislation in Scotland is the Nature Conservat ...
... 2.1. This review focussed on species recognised as Species of Principal Importance for the conservation of biodiversity under Section 41 (England) and Section 42 (Wales) of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act (2006). The equivalent legislation in Scotland is the Nature Conservat ...
Bog Bird.s-foot Trefoil (Lotus pinnatus)
... mature seed until August. Flowers likely require cross-pollination to set viable seed, though pollinators have not yet been identified. The seeds have a hard seed coat that may delay the germination of some seed for several months or years. ...
... mature seed until August. Flowers likely require cross-pollination to set viable seed, though pollinators have not yet been identified. The seeds have a hard seed coat that may delay the germination of some seed for several months or years. ...
Open Lands in a New England Town, Lincoln, MA: History, Ecology
... transformation of open lands. The broad variety of natural communities, diverse types of land use, and rich literature legacies make Lincoln the perfect place to study open lands. Today there are 29 types of natural community and 5 types of agricultural production in Lincoln (Town of Lincoln, 2017). ...
... transformation of open lands. The broad variety of natural communities, diverse types of land use, and rich literature legacies make Lincoln the perfect place to study open lands. Today there are 29 types of natural community and 5 types of agricultural production in Lincoln (Town of Lincoln, 2017). ...
Here - American Society of Mammalogists
... Program in Ecology and Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82091 USA; National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Hirola Conservation Program, Garissa, Kenya Range Collapse, Demography and Habitat Selection of the Critically Endangered Hirola Antelope (Beatragus h ...
... Program in Ecology and Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82091 USA; National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; Hirola Conservation Program, Garissa, Kenya Range Collapse, Demography and Habitat Selection of the Critically Endangered Hirola Antelope (Beatragus h ...
“The History And Future Of Island Conservation In A Snail Shell”
... given the theorised predation parameters within which they are likely to work? 1.2 Creating an island baseline to analyse extinction risk The concept of a baseline within conservation-minded ecology comes from the recognition that scientists often only assess ecosystems after a period of decline (Pa ...
... given the theorised predation parameters within which they are likely to work? 1.2 Creating an island baseline to analyse extinction risk The concept of a baseline within conservation-minded ecology comes from the recognition that scientists often only assess ecosystems after a period of decline (Pa ...
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning Further
... evidence then available. For the second printing of his book, May (1974) added an alternative resolution to the debate—that ecosystem properties could be more stable at higher diversity even as population stability was lower. This possibility, however, was generally overlooked for two decades. Ecolo ...
... evidence then available. For the second printing of his book, May (1974) added an alternative resolution to the debate—that ecosystem properties could be more stable at higher diversity even as population stability was lower. This possibility, however, was generally overlooked for two decades. Ecolo ...