Biological Diversity
... The mosquitoes and the protozoa developed this resistance tlrrough natural selection. When they were exposed to DDT and chloroquine, the susceptible individuals died. The most resistant organisms survived and passed their resistant genes to their offspring. Since the susceptible individuals died, th ...
... The mosquitoes and the protozoa developed this resistance tlrrough natural selection. When they were exposed to DDT and chloroquine, the susceptible individuals died. The most resistant organisms survived and passed their resistant genes to their offspring. Since the susceptible individuals died, th ...
Changes in the flora of Thoreau`s Concord
... Species protection is especially important for Concord because it enables people to establish a living connection with species mentioned in Thoreau’s writings. The goal of preserving the species and habitats observed by Thoreau is a frequent topic in environmental discussions in Concord today. The n ...
... Species protection is especially important for Concord because it enables people to establish a living connection with species mentioned in Thoreau’s writings. The goal of preserving the species and habitats observed by Thoreau is a frequent topic in environmental discussions in Concord today. The n ...
Population Ecology of Some Warblers of Northeastern
... birds may emigrate or disperse from the most suitable areas where reproduction is successful into marginal habitats. Consider such a species which will be called A. Let B be a species that lives only in the area that is marginal for species A. Now, even if in an unlimited environment of this type, s ...
... birds may emigrate or disperse from the most suitable areas where reproduction is successful into marginal habitats. Consider such a species which will be called A. Let B be a species that lives only in the area that is marginal for species A. Now, even if in an unlimited environment of this type, s ...
to the complete programme with abstracts
... insufficient to fully resolve above-species level relationships, and still left the difficult task of assigning morphological or ecological diagnoses to the different taxonomic entities. Integrative systematics combine all available sources of evolutionary information in an attempt to reflect phylog ...
... insufficient to fully resolve above-species level relationships, and still left the difficult task of assigning morphological or ecological diagnoses to the different taxonomic entities. Integrative systematics combine all available sources of evolutionary information in an attempt to reflect phylog ...
Batesian Mimicry between a Cardinalfish (Apogonidae) and a
... I station in Honda Bay, Palawan , neither species was taken in a collection without the other. DISCUSSION The numbers of both species collected at each sta tion do not suggest the classical Batesian complex in which the mimic is less common than the model (Table I). The present data indicate that in ...
... I station in Honda Bay, Palawan , neither species was taken in a collection without the other. DISCUSSION The numbers of both species collected at each sta tion do not suggest the classical Batesian complex in which the mimic is less common than the model (Table I). The present data indicate that in ...
![whole_diss_fin_draft[2].](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/003062193_1-403191215a31a029a5378703dc2a9577-300x300.png)
whole_diss_fin_draft[2].
... Reptiles are classified into four main groups: Testudines (turtles), Sphenondontia (tuataras), Crocodilia (alligators and crocodiles) and Squamata (snakes and lizards). Lizards are the most recently evolved out of the four extant orders that form the class Reptilia and are the most numerous and dive ...
... Reptiles are classified into four main groups: Testudines (turtles), Sphenondontia (tuataras), Crocodilia (alligators and crocodiles) and Squamata (snakes and lizards). Lizards are the most recently evolved out of the four extant orders that form the class Reptilia and are the most numerous and dive ...
Oecologia (1994) 97:326-332 Springer-Verlag 1994 ORIGINAL PAPER
... other species. (4) Facilitation, in which the presence of one species may aid the establishment of another either or by causing an increase by host immune suppression in the other parasite's preferred cell class (immature red blood cells, for example). This is not a kind of mutualism because the fac ...
... other species. (4) Facilitation, in which the presence of one species may aid the establishment of another either or by causing an increase by host immune suppression in the other parasite's preferred cell class (immature red blood cells, for example). This is not a kind of mutualism because the fac ...
An allometric approach to quantify the extinction vulnerability of
... non-carnivorous birds. Carnivorous mammals were found to have higher extinction risks than non- carnivores, while birds were more prone to extinction than mammals. These results are explained by the allometric relationships, predicting the vulnerable species groups to have lower intrinsic populati ...
... non-carnivorous birds. Carnivorous mammals were found to have higher extinction risks than non- carnivores, while birds were more prone to extinction than mammals. These results are explained by the allometric relationships, predicting the vulnerable species groups to have lower intrinsic populati ...
Competition - Mark A. Hixon
... Occasionally, between-species competition can be directly observed in nature when its manifestation is self-evident. The two most obvious cases are 1) interspecific territoriality, when it is known that territorial individuals clearly prevent intruders from using shared resources (accepting the argu ...
... Occasionally, between-species competition can be directly observed in nature when its manifestation is self-evident. The two most obvious cases are 1) interspecific territoriality, when it is known that territorial individuals clearly prevent intruders from using shared resources (accepting the argu ...
The Niche
... An 15. interaction in which one animal (the herbivore) feeds on producers (such as plants) is called herbivory. Herbivores, like a ring-tailed lemur, can affect both the size and distribution of plant populations in a community and determine the places that certain plants can survive and grow. For e ...
... An 15. interaction in which one animal (the herbivore) feeds on producers (such as plants) is called herbivory. Herbivores, like a ring-tailed lemur, can affect both the size and distribution of plant populations in a community and determine the places that certain plants can survive and grow. For e ...
Tyto alba (Barn Owl) Prey Preference Based on
... their prey based on nutritional or energy value or they could be selecting their prey based on its abundance. Owl foraging behavior has been closely looked at in order to detect any strategy of prey selection. Most owls forage at night (Lyman and Power, et al.), finding their prey via sound when in ...
... their prey based on nutritional or energy value or they could be selecting their prey based on its abundance. Owl foraging behavior has been closely looked at in order to detect any strategy of prey selection. Most owls forage at night (Lyman and Power, et al.), finding their prey via sound when in ...
Ecological impacts of invasive species: community and ecosystem
... summers; elevation from sea level to 400 m Submontane: several °C cooler, but similar amount and seasonality of precipitation; 400 – 1200 m elevation In both zones, fires occur; most ignited by lava or by humans Do fires consistently favor invasives across this elevational ...
... summers; elevation from sea level to 400 m Submontane: several °C cooler, but similar amount and seasonality of precipitation; 400 – 1200 m elevation In both zones, fires occur; most ignited by lava or by humans Do fires consistently favor invasives across this elevational ...
Hegland and Totland 2005. Relationships between species` floral
... to visual displays for every insect-pollinated plant species during 10-min observation periods. Most periods were obtained between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. In total we conducted 201 (i.e. 2,010 min) observation periods during the flowering season. We reduced the amount of non-pollinating insects in our da ...
... to visual displays for every insect-pollinated plant species during 10-min observation periods. Most periods were obtained between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. In total we conducted 201 (i.e. 2,010 min) observation periods during the flowering season. We reduced the amount of non-pollinating insects in our da ...
Conservation Ecology: The Relations Among Threatened Species
... of political autonomy. In general, ecological considerations of traditional societies are missing from most ethnographic accounts. Among the indigenous groups described in those studies, there may have been no relationships between taboos and species, or they may have escaped the eye of the observer ...
... of political autonomy. In general, ecological considerations of traditional societies are missing from most ethnographic accounts. Among the indigenous groups described in those studies, there may have been no relationships between taboos and species, or they may have escaped the eye of the observer ...
Genetic evidence for the cryptic species pair, Lottia digitalis and
... more restrictive than “Modern Synthesis” vintage and more recent deWnitions (Mayr and Ashlock 1991; Knowlton 1993), we believe that it is helpful for distinguishing between alternative situations where there might or might not be phylogenetic estimates available. Cryptic species are often overlooked ...
... more restrictive than “Modern Synthesis” vintage and more recent deWnitions (Mayr and Ashlock 1991; Knowlton 1993), we believe that it is helpful for distinguishing between alternative situations where there might or might not be phylogenetic estimates available. Cryptic species are often overlooked ...
Effects of cattle grazing on small mammal communities in the
... These habitat modifications caused by cattle can affect other sympatric organisms such as small mammals. Although, small in body size, small mammals are usually abundant in number and engaged in many important ecological processes such as seed dispersal (Li & Zhang, 2003), nitrogen cycling (Bakker e ...
... These habitat modifications caused by cattle can affect other sympatric organisms such as small mammals. Although, small in body size, small mammals are usually abundant in number and engaged in many important ecological processes such as seed dispersal (Li & Zhang, 2003), nitrogen cycling (Bakker e ...
Experimental Zoogeography of Islands
... of our islands concerns intermittent breeding by strong-flying insects combined with continuous foraging by adults. Females of the moth A u t o wzeris i o (Saturniidae) fly frequently onto small mangrove islands and occasionally deposit eggs. The life cycle from egg to adult of Autovneris on Rhizoph ...
... of our islands concerns intermittent breeding by strong-flying insects combined with continuous foraging by adults. Females of the moth A u t o wzeris i o (Saturniidae) fly frequently onto small mangrove islands and occasionally deposit eggs. The life cycle from egg to adult of Autovneris on Rhizoph ...
Newly rare or newly common: evolutionary
... like biocides and overharvesting, other sources of anthropogenic impacts or natural resource management schemes are likely to have more complex, less predictable selective effects on populations and communities. This unpredictability likely arises for several reasons: (i) selection from an environme ...
... like biocides and overharvesting, other sources of anthropogenic impacts or natural resource management schemes are likely to have more complex, less predictable selective effects on populations and communities. This unpredictability likely arises for several reasons: (i) selection from an environme ...
Species extinctions in food webs – local and regional processes Anna Eklöf
... losses affect the ecological structure and functioning of our ecosystems. Ecological communities exist in a landscape but the spatial aspects of community dynamics have until recently to large extent been ignored. However, the community’s response to species losses is likely to depend on both the st ...
... losses affect the ecological structure and functioning of our ecosystems. Ecological communities exist in a landscape but the spatial aspects of community dynamics have until recently to large extent been ignored. However, the community’s response to species losses is likely to depend on both the st ...
Variation in Population Synchrony in a Multi
... Cubic smoothing splines are commonly used to detrend time series data in ecological studies, as they have been shown to adequately represent general trends [50–53]. Various smoothing splines with different numbers of knots and degrees of freedom were considered, and the spline which best represented ...
... Cubic smoothing splines are commonly used to detrend time series data in ecological studies, as they have been shown to adequately represent general trends [50–53]. Various smoothing splines with different numbers of knots and degrees of freedom were considered, and the spline which best represented ...
Chapter 14: Interactions in Ecosystems
... in the same community. In different communities, ecological equivalents occur in very similar niches. In mathematics, numbers that are equal are called equivalents. Similarly, ecological equivalents are species that occupy similar niches but live in different geographical regions. Pictured in Figure ...
... in the same community. In different communities, ecological equivalents occur in very similar niches. In mathematics, numbers that are equal are called equivalents. Similarly, ecological equivalents are species that occupy similar niches but live in different geographical regions. Pictured in Figure ...
Conservation of Native Biodiversity in the City
... remnants support fewer species and smaller remnants support fewer species. Because the relative meaning of “more isolated” and “smaller” is geared toward vertebrates, e.g., birds (Crooks & Soulé 1999; Crooks et al. 2001) or mammals (Bolger et al. 1997a), the habitats that may be valuable to insects ...
... remnants support fewer species and smaller remnants support fewer species. Because the relative meaning of “more isolated” and “smaller” is geared toward vertebrates, e.g., birds (Crooks & Soulé 1999; Crooks et al. 2001) or mammals (Bolger et al. 1997a), the habitats that may be valuable to insects ...
The Role of Benthic Invertebrate Species in Freshwater Ecosystems
... cycling. The concept of “parallel redundancy” used in engineering analysis for system reliability is likely to be applicable for comparing species’ roles in ecosystem studies (Naeem 1998). The redundancy hypothesis can be broken down into three subhypotheses. The “functional group hypothesis” predic ...
... cycling. The concept of “parallel redundancy” used in engineering analysis for system reliability is likely to be applicable for comparing species’ roles in ecosystem studies (Naeem 1998). The redundancy hypothesis can be broken down into three subhypotheses. The “functional group hypothesis” predic ...
C. E. Timothy Paine – Curriculum Vitae
... nearest neighbor distribution function Dij(r). Second, for those pairs with significant spatial associations, we calculated an index of interspecific spatial association using the results of these two summary statistics. Finally, we examined the relationship between interspecific spatial association ...
... nearest neighbor distribution function Dij(r). Second, for those pairs with significant spatial associations, we calculated an index of interspecific spatial association using the results of these two summary statistics. Finally, we examined the relationship between interspecific spatial association ...
species complex - University of Oklahoma
... genetic association, we do not intend this analysis to generate a rigorous phylogenetic hypothesis because our allozyme study was designed primarily to assess evidence for reproductive isolation among groups. Nonetheless, this analytical approach can provide a useful assessment of some broad pattern ...
... genetic association, we do not intend this analysis to generate a rigorous phylogenetic hypothesis because our allozyme study was designed primarily to assess evidence for reproductive isolation among groups. Nonetheless, this analytical approach can provide a useful assessment of some broad pattern ...