Geographic and taxonomic distribution of a positive interaction: ant
... Here, we propose a practical approach for studying the occurrence and outcome of interactions across large geographic scales. The method comprises (1) experimentally documenting the outcome of an interaction on a local scale, (2) using these results to identify conditions that must be met in order t ...
... Here, we propose a practical approach for studying the occurrence and outcome of interactions across large geographic scales. The method comprises (1) experimentally documenting the outcome of an interaction on a local scale, (2) using these results to identify conditions that must be met in order t ...
Community-wide character displacement in barnacles
... Results revealed a striking pattern of community-wide character displacement in feeding leg length in two distinct barnacle communities separated by nearly 1700 km. This is particularly unique because very few examples of character displacement exist at the taxonomic level of order (Schluter 2000a). ...
... Results revealed a striking pattern of community-wide character displacement in feeding leg length in two distinct barnacle communities separated by nearly 1700 km. This is particularly unique because very few examples of character displacement exist at the taxonomic level of order (Schluter 2000a). ...
Vaughn.BioScience.2010
... species richness, but of greater concern may be the loss of the traits of the species involved and the materials they provide and the processes to which they contribute. Higher species richness can lead to increased ecological function through niche differentiation (resource partitioning or compleme ...
... species richness, but of greater concern may be the loss of the traits of the species involved and the materials they provide and the processes to which they contribute. Higher species richness can lead to increased ecological function through niche differentiation (resource partitioning or compleme ...
Sample Chapter 03
... increase in the frequency of the allele that confers the highest fitness in a given environment. In some cases, however, selection will act to maintain a number of alleles in a population, especially if the relative fitness of different alleles changes on a spatial or temporal scale. Here we describ ...
... increase in the frequency of the allele that confers the highest fitness in a given environment. In some cases, however, selection will act to maintain a number of alleles in a population, especially if the relative fitness of different alleles changes on a spatial or temporal scale. Here we describ ...
Coevolutionary motion and swarming in a niche space model of
... aware that many ecological interactions cannot be described in this formalism. Most prominently the interaction strength will usually depend on many other factors than just the nichedistance. Also it is not clear that all the species in a community can be described in a single niche space. In a high ...
... aware that many ecological interactions cannot be described in this formalism. Most prominently the interaction strength will usually depend on many other factors than just the nichedistance. Also it is not clear that all the species in a community can be described in a single niche space. In a high ...
The problem of pattern and scale in ecology: what have we learned
... maturity at an earlier age and smaller size, produce more and smaller offspring per litter and devote more resources to each litter. Food availability for guppies varies with environmental factors such as forest canopy cover, such that less canopy cover favours the development of a larger algal crop ...
... maturity at an earlier age and smaller size, produce more and smaller offspring per litter and devote more resources to each litter. Food availability for guppies varies with environmental factors such as forest canopy cover, such that less canopy cover favours the development of a larger algal crop ...
shared and unique features of diversification in greater antillean
... significance, we repeated the procedure 9999 times, comparing the observed average distance to the permuted average distance each time. Because the interaction term could describe multiple effects, we conducted a test of each specific effect. RESULTS MANOVA revealed significant effects for all facto ...
... significance, we repeated the procedure 9999 times, comparing the observed average distance to the permuted average distance each time. Because the interaction term could describe multiple effects, we conducted a test of each specific effect. RESULTS MANOVA revealed significant effects for all facto ...
Ecological Importance of Large Herbivores in the
... effects in different sites. Moreover, some of the dominant plants in clay soils are exceptionally well defended, most notably the whistling thorn, which is protected by both large thorns and symbiotic ants. Recent research by Goheen and Palmer (2010) shows that ants effectively defend trees against ...
... effects in different sites. Moreover, some of the dominant plants in clay soils are exceptionally well defended, most notably the whistling thorn, which is protected by both large thorns and symbiotic ants. Recent research by Goheen and Palmer (2010) shows that ants effectively defend trees against ...
A species-based theory of insular zoogeography
... isolation (Fig. 1; see Lomolino, 1986). The insular distribution function can be represented by a line, or curve, separating islands inhabited by a focal species from those where the species is absent. The salient features of the insular distribution function can be derived with a very conservative ...
... isolation (Fig. 1; see Lomolino, 1986). The insular distribution function can be represented by a line, or curve, separating islands inhabited by a focal species from those where the species is absent. The salient features of the insular distribution function can be derived with a very conservative ...
aggregated seed arrival alters plant diversity in
... and Pacala 1999). These theoretical results are consistent whether using interacting particle systems, moment equations for spatial point processes or metapopulation models (Bolker et al. 2003). This is not to say that coexistence occurs under all conditions—as eventually the strongest competitor wi ...
... and Pacala 1999). These theoretical results are consistent whether using interacting particle systems, moment equations for spatial point processes or metapopulation models (Bolker et al. 2003). This is not to say that coexistence occurs under all conditions—as eventually the strongest competitor wi ...
Understanding ecosystem dynamics for conservation of
... Paine (1966, 1980) formalized a component of this inequality with his definition of a ‘Keystone species’, which is one whose functional role is disproportionately greater than its abundance. Problems with methods for identifying keystones and for the measurement of their impact (Power et al. 1996) h ...
... Paine (1966, 1980) formalized a component of this inequality with his definition of a ‘Keystone species’, which is one whose functional role is disproportionately greater than its abundance. Problems with methods for identifying keystones and for the measurement of their impact (Power et al. 1996) h ...
Enemy free space and the structure of ecological
... stations, feeding methods, etc.), have been influenced, not by competitors, but by natural enemies. Although all ecologists recognize that this must be so, many continue to act and write as though classical resource-based competition, especially for food, is the primary constraint operating on speci ...
... stations, feeding methods, etc.), have been influenced, not by competitors, but by natural enemies. Although all ecologists recognize that this must be so, many continue to act and write as though classical resource-based competition, especially for food, is the primary constraint operating on speci ...
KREMEN 2005 Managing Ecosystem Services_What Do We Need
... Ôecosystem service providersÕ (ESPs) and characterizing their functional relationships; (2) determining the various aspects of community structure that influence function in real landscapes, especially compensatory community responses that stabilize function, or non-random extinction sequences that ...
... Ôecosystem service providersÕ (ESPs) and characterizing their functional relationships; (2) determining the various aspects of community structure that influence function in real landscapes, especially compensatory community responses that stabilize function, or non-random extinction sequences that ...
Caribou
... Caribou, ancient members of the deer family (Cervidae), are one of Canada’s most widely distributed large mammals. Caribou are unique among Cervids in that both sexes have antlers. The Woodland Caribou’s coat is mostly brown in summer (more grey in winter), but the neck, mane, shoulder stripe, under ...
... Caribou, ancient members of the deer family (Cervidae), are one of Canada’s most widely distributed large mammals. Caribou are unique among Cervids in that both sexes have antlers. The Woodland Caribou’s coat is mostly brown in summer (more grey in winter), but the neck, mane, shoulder stripe, under ...
Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem multifunctionality
... have been shown to play a crucial role in affecting several ecosystem functions [9–11]. Rare species comprise the vast majority of the species in any natural community and are more sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances [12,13]. Thus, quantifying the functional consequences of their loss is of part ...
... have been shown to play a crucial role in affecting several ecosystem functions [9–11]. Rare species comprise the vast majority of the species in any natural community and are more sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances [12,13]. Thus, quantifying the functional consequences of their loss is of part ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Abstract. Biologists have held the tenet that closely related species compete more strongly with each other than with distant relatives since 1859, when Darwin observed that close relatives seldom co-occur in nature and suggested it was because they competitively exclude one another. The expectation ...
... Abstract. Biologists have held the tenet that closely related species compete more strongly with each other than with distant relatives since 1859, when Darwin observed that close relatives seldom co-occur in nature and suggested it was because they competitively exclude one another. The expectation ...
habitat loss, trophic collapse, and the decline of ecosystem services
... themselves from the bottom up (Thornton et al. 1988, Thornton 1996); the island was first colonized by plants, then herbivores, and only after 50 years were there sufficient resources for predators to colonize. As natural habitats are eroded in size, the net decline in species diversity has traditiona ...
... themselves from the bottom up (Thornton et al. 1988, Thornton 1996); the island was first colonized by plants, then herbivores, and only after 50 years were there sufficient resources for predators to colonize. As natural habitats are eroded in size, the net decline in species diversity has traditiona ...
VERTEBRATES: FISH, AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES, BIRDS, MAMMALS
... representing a trade-off for amphibians and other organisms that occupy lentic, freshwater systems. In ephemeral ponds, competition for resources is hypothesized to be low because the short hydroperiod prevents many species from occupying these systems. However, to exploit these systems, larval amph ...
... representing a trade-off for amphibians and other organisms that occupy lentic, freshwater systems. In ephemeral ponds, competition for resources is hypothesized to be low because the short hydroperiod prevents many species from occupying these systems. However, to exploit these systems, larval amph ...
Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem
... have been shown to play a crucial role in affecting several ecosystem functions [9–11]. Rare species comprise the vast majority of the species in any natural community and are more sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances [12,13]. Thus, quantifying the functional consequences of their loss is of part ...
... have been shown to play a crucial role in affecting several ecosystem functions [9–11]. Rare species comprise the vast majority of the species in any natural community and are more sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances [12,13]. Thus, quantifying the functional consequences of their loss is of part ...
D3.1 Annex 8c Section 6 Environmental impact plants
... In this question we rate the current environmental impact in other invaded regions that can be used as an indicator for determining the potential environmental impact in the PRA area (Q. 6.09). If the species has not invaded any other area, or if the invasion is too recent and too little is known ab ...
... In this question we rate the current environmental impact in other invaded regions that can be used as an indicator for determining the potential environmental impact in the PRA area (Q. 6.09). If the species has not invaded any other area, or if the invasion is too recent and too little is known ab ...
Spatiotemporal variations in aphidparasitoid relative abundance
... environment (Peers et al. 2012). Furthermore, a decrease in preferred resources could lead to an expansion of niche breadth, as individuals tend to accept previously unutilized resources (Araujo et al. 2011). Consequently, frequent spatiotemporal variations in the quality and quantity of available r ...
... environment (Peers et al. 2012). Furthermore, a decrease in preferred resources could lead to an expansion of niche breadth, as individuals tend to accept previously unutilized resources (Araujo et al. 2011). Consequently, frequent spatiotemporal variations in the quality and quantity of available r ...
Models of Biological Interaction Among Species or Populations
... The bio-economic models examined so far in this course have typically considered just one population of a single biological species interacting with its natural environment (the biological component) and human harvesting of that population (the economic component). There are two circumstances in whi ...
... The bio-economic models examined so far in this course have typically considered just one population of a single biological species interacting with its natural environment (the biological component) and human harvesting of that population (the economic component). There are two circumstances in whi ...
A new parameterization for estimating co
... accounting for errors in detection of species can be difficult to fit when the effects of covariates on species occurrence probabilities are included. The source of the estimation problems is the particular parameterization used to specify species co-occurrence probability. We develop a new parameteri ...
... accounting for errors in detection of species can be difficult to fit when the effects of covariates on species occurrence probabilities are included. The source of the estimation problems is the particular parameterization used to specify species co-occurrence probability. We develop a new parameteri ...
Landscape net Ecological Potential - Eionet Projects
... similar habitats. Therefore, the areas of high ecological value to consider are not only important in themselves but their buffer zones as well (see definition of the ecological networks, CoE 20075). The buffers should reflect an influence which is proportional to the size and inversely proportional ...
... similar habitats. Therefore, the areas of high ecological value to consider are not only important in themselves but their buffer zones as well (see definition of the ecological networks, CoE 20075). The buffers should reflect an influence which is proportional to the size and inversely proportional ...