ASD v2.0: updated content and novel features
... patch-clamp fluorometry (20) and electrophysiology (21) create plenty of opportunities to recognize novel allosteric molecules, leading to an explosive growth in the number of allosteric proteins and allosteric modulators. Intrinsically, the allosteric regulation of proteins is triggered by the bindi ...
... patch-clamp fluorometry (20) and electrophysiology (21) create plenty of opportunities to recognize novel allosteric molecules, leading to an explosive growth in the number of allosteric proteins and allosteric modulators. Intrinsically, the allosteric regulation of proteins is triggered by the bindi ...
Theta Modulation in the Medial and the Lateral Entorhinal Cortices
... modulation in the medial and the lateral entorhinal cortices. J Neurophysiol 104: 994 –1006, 2010. First published May 26, 2010; doi:10.1152/jn.01141.2009. Hippocampal neurons show a strong modulation by theta frequency oscillations. This modulation is thought to be important not only for temporal e ...
... modulation in the medial and the lateral entorhinal cortices. J Neurophysiol 104: 994 –1006, 2010. First published May 26, 2010; doi:10.1152/jn.01141.2009. Hippocampal neurons show a strong modulation by theta frequency oscillations. This modulation is thought to be important not only for temporal e ...
Structural and Functional Basis of
... the second step in the formation of product, the COX reaction is absolutely dependent on POX activity for its activation.10,35 In short, one turnover of the POX reaction is required to provide the tyrosyl radical for initiation of the COX reaction, which continues to turn over, in the presence of fa ...
... the second step in the formation of product, the COX reaction is absolutely dependent on POX activity for its activation.10,35 In short, one turnover of the POX reaction is required to provide the tyrosyl radical for initiation of the COX reaction, which continues to turn over, in the presence of fa ...
Optic neuritis
... third ventricle, the internal carotid A. lie just laterally, adjacent to the cavernous sinuses. Etiology: most diseases that affect the chiasma are neoplastic, most common is pituitary tumors, next are tuberculum sella meningioma、 craniopharyngioma、anterior communicating aneurysm、tumor of third vent ...
... third ventricle, the internal carotid A. lie just laterally, adjacent to the cavernous sinuses. Etiology: most diseases that affect the chiasma are neoplastic, most common is pituitary tumors, next are tuberculum sella meningioma、 craniopharyngioma、anterior communicating aneurysm、tumor of third vent ...
General principles of cellular organization in the genome
... expression responses are similar though. For the transcriptome analysis we combined strand-specific tiling arrays, complemented by transcriptome sequencing, with more than 252 spotted arrays. We detected 117 previously undescribed, mostly non-coding transcripts, 89 of them in antisense configuration ...
... expression responses are similar though. For the transcriptome analysis we combined strand-specific tiling arrays, complemented by transcriptome sequencing, with more than 252 spotted arrays. We detected 117 previously undescribed, mostly non-coding transcripts, 89 of them in antisense configuration ...
New Treatment Approaches in Tinnitus: The Place of Repetitive
... may take up to 20 minutes. While the anodal stimulation increases the neuronal excitability by depolarizing the cell wall, cathodal stimulation lowers neuronal excitability by hyperpolarizing the cell wall (26). However, since there are many cortical cell types in the brain, the combined effect of t ...
... may take up to 20 minutes. While the anodal stimulation increases the neuronal excitability by depolarizing the cell wall, cathodal stimulation lowers neuronal excitability by hyperpolarizing the cell wall (26). However, since there are many cortical cell types in the brain, the combined effect of t ...
A decade of the anaphase-promoting complex in the nervous system
... in the WD40 domain of Cdc20, thereby competitively blocking the binding of D-box-containing substrates with Cdc20 (Sackton et al. 2014). Although proteins that inhibit Cdh1–APC have been used in studies in the nervous system (Konishi et al. 2004; Huang et al. 2015), the potential utility of small mo ...
... in the WD40 domain of Cdc20, thereby competitively blocking the binding of D-box-containing substrates with Cdc20 (Sackton et al. 2014). Although proteins that inhibit Cdh1–APC have been used in studies in the nervous system (Konishi et al. 2004; Huang et al. 2015), the potential utility of small mo ...
Leptin Signaling in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarii
... (⫺15⫾12%; P value not significant). This effect depended on intact functional leptin receptors, because it was not observed in Zucker obese rats that have a missense mutation in the leptin receptor. Rostral NTS injection of leptin failed to increase SNA, indicating that leptin signaling in the NTS i ...
... (⫺15⫾12%; P value not significant). This effect depended on intact functional leptin receptors, because it was not observed in Zucker obese rats that have a missense mutation in the leptin receptor. Rostral NTS injection of leptin failed to increase SNA, indicating that leptin signaling in the NTS i ...
C. jejuni
... ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC-transporter) are members of a protein superfamily that is one of the largest and most ancient families with representatives in all extant phyla from prokaryotes to humans. ABC transporters are transmembrane proteins that utilize the energy of ATP hydrolysis to ...
... ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC-transporter) are members of a protein superfamily that is one of the largest and most ancient families with representatives in all extant phyla from prokaryotes to humans. ABC transporters are transmembrane proteins that utilize the energy of ATP hydrolysis to ...
Mechanisms of Leptin Action and Leptin Resistance
... LRb signaling, feedback inhibition, and the regulation of physiology. Leptin binding to the extracellular domain of LRb, the functional leptin receptor isoform, mediates the activation of the intracellular, LRb-associated Jak2 tyrosine kinase, resulting in Jak2 autophosphorylation on tyrosine residu ...
... LRb signaling, feedback inhibition, and the regulation of physiology. Leptin binding to the extracellular domain of LRb, the functional leptin receptor isoform, mediates the activation of the intracellular, LRb-associated Jak2 tyrosine kinase, resulting in Jak2 autophosphorylation on tyrosine residu ...
Relating normalization to neuronal populations across cortical areas
... the same brain area under identical conditions exhibit a range of normalization, ranging from suppression by nonpreferred stimuli (strong normalization) to additive responses to combinations of stimuli (no normalization; for examples, see Lee and Maunsell, 2009; Busse et al., 2009). Normalization ha ...
... the same brain area under identical conditions exhibit a range of normalization, ranging from suppression by nonpreferred stimuli (strong normalization) to additive responses to combinations of stimuli (no normalization; for examples, see Lee and Maunsell, 2009; Busse et al., 2009). Normalization ha ...
MARCKS modulates radial progenitor placement
... 2003; Suzuki et al., 2001; Wodarz et al., 2000; Yamanaka et al., 2001). Moreover, PIP2 has recently been shown to complex with key components of the polarity machinery, including PTEN, CDC42 and aPKCζ. The loss of aPKCζ or PIP2 localization causes apically confined signaling proteins to lose their p ...
... 2003; Suzuki et al., 2001; Wodarz et al., 2000; Yamanaka et al., 2001). Moreover, PIP2 has recently been shown to complex with key components of the polarity machinery, including PTEN, CDC42 and aPKCζ. The loss of aPKCζ or PIP2 localization causes apically confined signaling proteins to lose their p ...
Neuronal uptake and propagation of a rare phosphorylated high-molecular-weight tau
... (n ¼ 9–12). One-way ANOVA. (b) Neurons were incubated with brain extracts (500 ng ml 1 human tau) for 2 and 5 days. (c) Tau uptake assay in HEK-taubiosensor cells. Brain extracts (1 mg protein) were applied to the cells (lipofectamie ( )). (n ¼ 4). Mann–Whitney U-test. (d,e) SEC of PBS-soluble b ...
... (n ¼ 9–12). One-way ANOVA. (b) Neurons were incubated with brain extracts (500 ng ml 1 human tau) for 2 and 5 days. (c) Tau uptake assay in HEK-taubiosensor cells. Brain extracts (1 mg protein) were applied to the cells (lipofectamie ( )). (n ¼ 4). Mann–Whitney U-test. (d,e) SEC of PBS-soluble b ...
ORAL UPF/ TESI DOCT Nicotine addiction phenotypes in a BAC transgenic mouse
... nicotine addiction. Specifically, we focus on the cluster CHRNA5/A3/B4 of human chromosome 15, which human genetic studies have identified as a strong candidate for nicotine dependence and smoking-related behaviours. This cluster codifies for the alpha5, alpha3 and beta4 subunits of the nicotinic ac ...
... nicotine addiction. Specifically, we focus on the cluster CHRNA5/A3/B4 of human chromosome 15, which human genetic studies have identified as a strong candidate for nicotine dependence and smoking-related behaviours. This cluster codifies for the alpha5, alpha3 and beta4 subunits of the nicotinic ac ...
Mitochondria as a Pharmacological Target
... function, mitochondria are involved in such complex processes as apoptosis and cardioprotection. A rapidly expanding body of literature also suggests that mitochondrial dysfunctions play pivotal roles in neurodegenerative disorders ranging from Parkinson’s to Huntington’s to Alzheimer’s diseases. Mi ...
... function, mitochondria are involved in such complex processes as apoptosis and cardioprotection. A rapidly expanding body of literature also suggests that mitochondrial dysfunctions play pivotal roles in neurodegenerative disorders ranging from Parkinson’s to Huntington’s to Alzheimer’s diseases. Mi ...
Interactions between amygdala central nucleus and the ventral
... rearing, was defined as standing on the hind legs with both front legs off the floor, but not grooming. To assess the objectivity of behavioral scoring, many of the video tapes were scored by multiple observers, who agreed on 95% of > 10 000 joint observations. The number of observations scored as rea ...
... rearing, was defined as standing on the hind legs with both front legs off the floor, but not grooming. To assess the objectivity of behavioral scoring, many of the video tapes were scored by multiple observers, who agreed on 95% of > 10 000 joint observations. The number of observations scored as rea ...
Neocortical Very Fast Oscillations (Ripples, 80–200 Hz) During
... experimental evidence. 1) Seizures consisting of SW complexes and fast runs are generated in neocortex even after thalamectomy (Steriade and Contreras 1998) and in isolated neocortical slabs (Timofeev et al. 1998). 2) During such seizures, the majority of thalamocortical neurons are hyperpolarized a ...
... experimental evidence. 1) Seizures consisting of SW complexes and fast runs are generated in neocortex even after thalamectomy (Steriade and Contreras 1998) and in isolated neocortical slabs (Timofeev et al. 1998). 2) During such seizures, the majority of thalamocortical neurons are hyperpolarized a ...
Anaerobic and aerobic pathways for salvage of proximal tubules
... provision of the substrates only during reoxygenation, and they are not mutually exclusive. One is that the same mechanisms of substrate-level phosphorylation and anaerobic respiration that prevent the lesion from developing during hypoxia are responsible. The other explanation is that, during reoxy ...
... provision of the substrates only during reoxygenation, and they are not mutually exclusive. One is that the same mechanisms of substrate-level phosphorylation and anaerobic respiration that prevent the lesion from developing during hypoxia are responsible. The other explanation is that, during reoxy ...
Caudate Tracing Guidelines
... anterior portion, or head, lies rostral to the thalamus and bulges into the anterior horn of the ventricle. The head of the caudate nucleus and the putamen are separated by fibers of the anterior limb of the internal capsule, except rostroventrally where continuity is maintained. The body of the cau ...
... anterior portion, or head, lies rostral to the thalamus and bulges into the anterior horn of the ventricle. The head of the caudate nucleus and the putamen are separated by fibers of the anterior limb of the internal capsule, except rostroventrally where continuity is maintained. The body of the cau ...
A Systematic Nomenclature for the Insect Brain
... All the neuronal cell bodies are distributed near the surface of the brain, forming the cell body rind (CBR ), which also contains certain types of glial cells (surface-associated glia and cell body glia). Because there are few synapses in the cell body rind, we use the term rind rather than the oft ...
... All the neuronal cell bodies are distributed near the surface of the brain, forming the cell body rind (CBR ), which also contains certain types of glial cells (surface-associated glia and cell body glia). Because there are few synapses in the cell body rind, we use the term rind rather than the oft ...
Explaining The Efficiency Of Marte Meo From A Neurobiological
... the words in an affirming tone of voice. Furthermore, the child thus learns step by step to distinguish between »I« and »you« (Aarts, 2009). A possible neurobiological explanation: when the mother repeats the complete sentence correctly and with a friendly tone, it is immediately memorised in the ch ...
... the words in an affirming tone of voice. Furthermore, the child thus learns step by step to distinguish between »I« and »you« (Aarts, 2009). A possible neurobiological explanation: when the mother repeats the complete sentence correctly and with a friendly tone, it is immediately memorised in the ch ...
Subicular and CA1 hippocampal projections to the accessory
... provides feedback inputs to the olfactory system by means of centrifugal projections. Historically, a projection from the temporal third of the subiculum to the anterior olfactory nucleus has been described (Swanson and Cowan, 1977). Retrogradely labeled cells were found in the ventral CA1 after lar ...
... provides feedback inputs to the olfactory system by means of centrifugal projections. Historically, a projection from the temporal third of the subiculum to the anterior olfactory nucleus has been described (Swanson and Cowan, 1977). Retrogradely labeled cells were found in the ventral CA1 after lar ...
Introducing a New Product
... Components of neurons (cont) Dendrites Each neuron has one or more dendrites, which branch from the cell body Conduct nerve signals to the cell body of the neuron Distal ends of dendrites of sensory neurons are receptors Dendritic spines—small knoblike protrusions on dendrites of some brain ...
... Components of neurons (cont) Dendrites Each neuron has one or more dendrites, which branch from the cell body Conduct nerve signals to the cell body of the neuron Distal ends of dendrites of sensory neurons are receptors Dendritic spines—small knoblike protrusions on dendrites of some brain ...
Seven principles in the regulation of adult neurogenesis
... level for the remaining time of life. The one existing estimate for humans, even though only based on the number of doublecortinexpressing cells as surrogate measure, shows a very similar pattern (Knoth et al., 2010). The characteristic early decline is often taken as evidence that adult neurogenesi ...
... level for the remaining time of life. The one existing estimate for humans, even though only based on the number of doublecortinexpressing cells as surrogate measure, shows a very similar pattern (Knoth et al., 2010). The characteristic early decline is often taken as evidence that adult neurogenesi ...
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... with stereotyped morphology. The typical sequence of neuronal differentiation in vivo is that axogenesis in individual neurons precedes their dendrogenesis (Kim and Chiba, 2004; Westerfield et al., 1986). As a result, when dendrites first appear in the embryonic CNS, axons have already laid out basi ...
... with stereotyped morphology. The typical sequence of neuronal differentiation in vivo is that axogenesis in individual neurons precedes their dendrogenesis (Kim and Chiba, 2004; Westerfield et al., 1986). As a result, when dendrites first appear in the embryonic CNS, axons have already laid out basi ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.