Increased responses in trigeminocervical nociceptive neurons to cervical input after
... nociceptive in¯ow from the meningies to the brain (Hoskin et al., 1996; Strassman et al., 1996; Bove and Moskowitz, 1997). This innervation is considered to be the peripheral substrate of head pain in primary headache syndromes, such as migraine or cluster headache (Goadsby, 2001). Primary nocicepti ...
... nociceptive in¯ow from the meningies to the brain (Hoskin et al., 1996; Strassman et al., 1996; Bove and Moskowitz, 1997). This innervation is considered to be the peripheral substrate of head pain in primary headache syndromes, such as migraine or cluster headache (Goadsby, 2001). Primary nocicepti ...
Brains, Bodies, and Behavior - 2012 Book Archive
... thereby blocking the neurotransmitter. As an example, the poison curare is an antagonist for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. When the poison enters the brain, it binds to the dendrites, stops communication among the neurons, and usually causes death. Still other drugs work by blocking the reupta ...
... thereby blocking the neurotransmitter. As an example, the poison curare is an antagonist for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. When the poison enters the brain, it binds to the dendrites, stops communication among the neurons, and usually causes death. Still other drugs work by blocking the reupta ...
The basis of the stress reaction
... established by prior learning, or deduced from circumstances, do not match the current or anticipated perceptions of the internal or external environment; this discrepancy between what is observed or sensed and what is expected or programmed elicits patterned, compensatory responses. In extreme unde ...
... established by prior learning, or deduced from circumstances, do not match the current or anticipated perceptions of the internal or external environment; this discrepancy between what is observed or sensed and what is expected or programmed elicits patterned, compensatory responses. In extreme unde ...
Skeletal System
... Like sensory neurons serving somatic structures (skeletal muscles and skin) The cell bodies of visceral sensory neurons are located in the sensory ganglia of associated cranial nerves or in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord ...
... Like sensory neurons serving somatic structures (skeletal muscles and skin) The cell bodies of visceral sensory neurons are located in the sensory ganglia of associated cranial nerves or in the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord ...
Building Production Systems with Realistic Spiking Neurons Terrence C. Stewart ()
... brain. Furthermore, if a neural level of description is desired, then it is unclear as to whether we should require a molecular, atomic, or quantum level of description. Below a certain level, there may be no advantage to going deeper, as the lower level implementation does not significantly affect ...
... brain. Furthermore, if a neural level of description is desired, then it is unclear as to whether we should require a molecular, atomic, or quantum level of description. Below a certain level, there may be no advantage to going deeper, as the lower level implementation does not significantly affect ...
The effect of spinal cord injury on the neurochemical properties of
... April N. Herritya,b, Jeffrey C. Petruskaa,b,c, David P. Stirlingb,c,d, Kristofer K. Raua,b,e and ...
... April N. Herritya,b, Jeffrey C. Petruskaa,b,c, David P. Stirlingb,c,d, Kristofer K. Raua,b,e and ...
Chapter 20 The Autonomic Nervous System
... neurons to motor neurons. The main integrating centers for most autonomic reflexes are located in the hypothalamus and brain stem. Motor neurons: Two motor neurons connect the CNS to an effector: The preganglionic neuron conducts motor impulses from the CNS to an autonomic ganglion The postgangl ...
... neurons to motor neurons. The main integrating centers for most autonomic reflexes are located in the hypothalamus and brain stem. Motor neurons: Two motor neurons connect the CNS to an effector: The preganglionic neuron conducts motor impulses from the CNS to an autonomic ganglion The postgangl ...
Secrets from the microbiome: molecular biology meets microbiology
... Inter-individual differences in microbiomes give rise to inter-individual differences in drug metabolism. The current ‘one-size fits all’ approach to drug dosages may need to be revised, particularly for potentially toxic drugs such as chemotherapy. When prescribing medications in future, in additio ...
... Inter-individual differences in microbiomes give rise to inter-individual differences in drug metabolism. The current ‘one-size fits all’ approach to drug dosages may need to be revised, particularly for potentially toxic drugs such as chemotherapy. When prescribing medications in future, in additio ...
Tyrosine Hydroxylase in the Rat Parabrachial Region: Ultrastructural
... Axons and axon terminals with TH-I comprised the remaining 83% (524 out of 625) of all labeled profiles in the dorsal, ventral, central, and external nuclei of the PBR. The axons were primarily small (0.1-0.2 pm in diameter) and unmyelinated (Fig. 4A). However, occasionally a slightly larger (0.3-0. ...
... Axons and axon terminals with TH-I comprised the remaining 83% (524 out of 625) of all labeled profiles in the dorsal, ventral, central, and external nuclei of the PBR. The axons were primarily small (0.1-0.2 pm in diameter) and unmyelinated (Fig. 4A). However, occasionally a slightly larger (0.3-0. ...
Distinct or Gradually Changing Spatial and Nonspatial
... Figure 1. Properties of place-field size, theta oscillation, and nonspatial responses along the dorsoventral axis of the hippocampus. A, Summary of data from different studies (Jung et al., 1994; Maurer et al., 2005; Kjelstrup et al., 2008; Royer et al., 2010) showing the ratio of place-field size i ...
... Figure 1. Properties of place-field size, theta oscillation, and nonspatial responses along the dorsoventral axis of the hippocampus. A, Summary of data from different studies (Jung et al., 1994; Maurer et al., 2005; Kjelstrup et al., 2008; Royer et al., 2010) showing the ratio of place-field size i ...
The Somatosensory System
... • 2nd order neuron cross over in the spinal cord anterior commissure to ascend in the anterolateral white matter • It takes 2-3 spinal segments for the decussating fibers to reach the opposite side ( so sensory level of spinal cord lesion starts a few levels below the lesion) ...
... • 2nd order neuron cross over in the spinal cord anterior commissure to ascend in the anterolateral white matter • It takes 2-3 spinal segments for the decussating fibers to reach the opposite side ( so sensory level of spinal cord lesion starts a few levels below the lesion) ...
The role of neuronal signaling in controlling cerebral blood flow
... agents reach blood vessels by diVusion and produce relaxation of vascular smooth muscles. Considerable evidence has since accumulated supporting vasoactive consequences of neurotransmitter release, in particular for the synaptically released fast transmitters glutamate and GABA, but the mechanisms a ...
... agents reach blood vessels by diVusion and produce relaxation of vascular smooth muscles. Considerable evidence has since accumulated supporting vasoactive consequences of neurotransmitter release, in particular for the synaptically released fast transmitters glutamate and GABA, but the mechanisms a ...
neuronal types and their specification dynamics in
... In the presence of an external or internal stressor, the sympathetic system generates the ”fight-or-flight” response, which prepares the body to either face the stressor or flee from it. Once the stressor is removed, the parasympathetic nervous system restores the homeostasis by bringing the body to ...
... In the presence of an external or internal stressor, the sympathetic system generates the ”fight-or-flight” response, which prepares the body to either face the stressor or flee from it. Once the stressor is removed, the parasympathetic nervous system restores the homeostasis by bringing the body to ...
(Full text - MSWord file 171K)
... patterns (e.g., Berns & Sejnowski, 1998). The second class focuses on the tonic inhibitory activity that the major basal ganglia output nuclei exert upon their targets, assuming that it provides for action selection via focused disinhibition (e.g., Gurney et al., 2001). In this paper, we focus on th ...
... patterns (e.g., Berns & Sejnowski, 1998). The second class focuses on the tonic inhibitory activity that the major basal ganglia output nuclei exert upon their targets, assuming that it provides for action selection via focused disinhibition (e.g., Gurney et al., 2001). In this paper, we focus on th ...
Chapter 11 PowerPoint - Hillsborough Community College
... Functional Classification of Neurotransmitters • Neurotransmitter effects may be excitatory (depolarizing) and/or inhibitory (hyperpolarizing) • Determined by the receptor type of the postsynaptic neuron • GABA and glycine are usually inhibitory • Glutamate is usually excitatory ...
... Functional Classification of Neurotransmitters • Neurotransmitter effects may be excitatory (depolarizing) and/or inhibitory (hyperpolarizing) • Determined by the receptor type of the postsynaptic neuron • GABA and glycine are usually inhibitory • Glutamate is usually excitatory ...
The human nervous system An anatomical viewpoint
... -- Singing and playing musical instruments, appreciation of music. Musical skills & comprehension lost following vascular occlusion in right hemisphere. (4). Prefrontal cortex mediates working memory and decision making The parts of frontal lobe anterior to area 4 & 6, do not cause movements when s ...
... -- Singing and playing musical instruments, appreciation of music. Musical skills & comprehension lost following vascular occlusion in right hemisphere. (4). Prefrontal cortex mediates working memory and decision making The parts of frontal lobe anterior to area 4 & 6, do not cause movements when s ...
Morphological Changes in the Hippocampus Following Nicotine and
... (10 mg/kg). Direct magnification 100x. D. CA1 area of the hippocampus (arrows show degenerating cells). Fluoro-Jade B staining. Kainic acid-treated rat (10 mg/kg). Direct magnification 100x. E. CA1 area of the hippocampus (arrows). Bis-benzimide, Hoechst 33342 staining. Nicotine treated rat (1 mg/kg ...
... (10 mg/kg). Direct magnification 100x. D. CA1 area of the hippocampus (arrows show degenerating cells). Fluoro-Jade B staining. Kainic acid-treated rat (10 mg/kg). Direct magnification 100x. E. CA1 area of the hippocampus (arrows). Bis-benzimide, Hoechst 33342 staining. Nicotine treated rat (1 mg/kg ...
Alterations in white matter fractional anisotropy in subsyndromal perimenopausal depression Open Access
... than 16, without a history of neurological or psychiatric illness) performed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to calculate gray matter volume and tract-specific analyses based on VBM. This study showed decreased volumes in the bilateral anterior cingulate gyri and right rectal gyrus, and a positive cor ...
... than 16, without a history of neurological or psychiatric illness) performed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to calculate gray matter volume and tract-specific analyses based on VBM. This study showed decreased volumes in the bilateral anterior cingulate gyri and right rectal gyrus, and a positive cor ...
MS Word Version
... e. The main nutritional and metabolic region of the neuron. f. The transmitting or conductive region of the neuron. 7. (Page 6.) What are outgoing signals on neurons called? 8. (Page 6.) On what part of the neuron are action potentials conducted? In which direction do they go? 9. (Page 6.) How are a ...
... e. The main nutritional and metabolic region of the neuron. f. The transmitting or conductive region of the neuron. 7. (Page 6.) What are outgoing signals on neurons called? 8. (Page 6.) On what part of the neuron are action potentials conducted? In which direction do they go? 9. (Page 6.) How are a ...
FORMATION OF AMMONIA
... body resulting in severe neurological symptoms. Treatment is more or less similar in the different types of disorders. Low protein diet with sufficient arginine and energy by frequent feeding can minimize brain damage since ammonia levels do not increase very high results in toxic symptoms. Brain is ...
... body resulting in severe neurological symptoms. Treatment is more or less similar in the different types of disorders. Low protein diet with sufficient arginine and energy by frequent feeding can minimize brain damage since ammonia levels do not increase very high results in toxic symptoms. Brain is ...
kainic acid lesion-induced deficits on cognitive performance in
... origins and terminal projection loci of the mesotelencephalic dopamine system (Gardner et al., 2000). This heterogeneity is far too often ignored by behavioral and cognitive neuroscientist developing models of mesotelencephalic dopamine function to explain human neuropsychiatric diseases such as sch ...
... origins and terminal projection loci of the mesotelencephalic dopamine system (Gardner et al., 2000). This heterogeneity is far too often ignored by behavioral and cognitive neuroscientist developing models of mesotelencephalic dopamine function to explain human neuropsychiatric diseases such as sch ...
Document
... neurons called the reticular formation These neurons control the timing of sleep periods characterized by rapid eye movements (REMs) and by vivid dreams Sleep is also regulated by the biological clock and regions of the forebrain that regulate intensity and duration © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc ...
... neurons called the reticular formation These neurons control the timing of sleep periods characterized by rapid eye movements (REMs) and by vivid dreams Sleep is also regulated by the biological clock and regions of the forebrain that regulate intensity and duration © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc ...
Chapter 49 - Nervous Systems
... ! These neurons control the timing of sleep periods characterized by rapid eye movements (REMs) and by vivid dreams ! Sleep is also regulated by the biological clock and regions of the forebrain that regulate intensity and duration ...
... ! These neurons control the timing of sleep periods characterized by rapid eye movements (REMs) and by vivid dreams ! Sleep is also regulated by the biological clock and regions of the forebrain that regulate intensity and duration ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.