doc GIT
... that the various sphincters which separate the organs of the GIT played a major role regulating the transport of the meal. We now know that, normally, these sphincters do NOT offer resistance. They actually open reflexely, anticipating the arrival of the meal contents in the lumen of the GIT. They a ...
... that the various sphincters which separate the organs of the GIT played a major role regulating the transport of the meal. We now know that, normally, these sphincters do NOT offer resistance. They actually open reflexely, anticipating the arrival of the meal contents in the lumen of the GIT. They a ...
Spontaneous persistent activity in entorhinal cortex modulates
... interactions, whereby MECIII neurons produce a partial decoupling of the CA1 activity from neocortical UDS via their markedly delayed Down transitions and persistent Up states. Notably, the authors found that there was a strong correlation between a neuron’s Down-transition lag and its probability o ...
... interactions, whereby MECIII neurons produce a partial decoupling of the CA1 activity from neocortical UDS via their markedly delayed Down transitions and persistent Up states. Notably, the authors found that there was a strong correlation between a neuron’s Down-transition lag and its probability o ...
Review Inhibitory neurotransmission, plasticity and aging in the
... glycinergic inhibitory neurotransmission. As seen in development, age-related changes may be activity dependent. Age-related presynaptic changes in the cochlear nucleus include reduced glycine levels, while in the auditory midbrain and cortex, GABA synthesis and release are altered. Presumably, in r ...
... glycinergic inhibitory neurotransmission. As seen in development, age-related changes may be activity dependent. Age-related presynaptic changes in the cochlear nucleus include reduced glycine levels, while in the auditory midbrain and cortex, GABA synthesis and release are altered. Presumably, in r ...
The role of ventral premotor cortex in action execution and action
... to the observation of mouth actions have also been found. In humans, by means of an fMRI study, it has been shown that the observation of actions performed with the hand, the mouth and the foot leads to the activation of different sectors of Broca’s area and premotor cortex, according to the effector ...
... to the observation of mouth actions have also been found. In humans, by means of an fMRI study, it has been shown that the observation of actions performed with the hand, the mouth and the foot leads to the activation of different sectors of Broca’s area and premotor cortex, according to the effector ...
mRNA at the Synapse - Journal of Neuroscience
... coordinate cellular processes at many different locations far from the cell body pose unique regulatory problems. Not only must the neuron establish and maintain a specific distribution of the many molecules involved in synaptic transmission, but it must also have the capability of modifying their a ...
... coordinate cellular processes at many different locations far from the cell body pose unique regulatory problems. Not only must the neuron establish and maintain a specific distribution of the many molecules involved in synaptic transmission, but it must also have the capability of modifying their a ...
Glial heterogeneity: the increasing complexity of the brain
... cells, but appear to represent a more versatile cell reservoir in the adult brain. Present-day research provides compelling evidence that a neuron-centered picture of the brain is way too simplistic, indicating that each class of glial cells is much more diverse than commonly thought. Glial cells ap ...
... cells, but appear to represent a more versatile cell reservoir in the adult brain. Present-day research provides compelling evidence that a neuron-centered picture of the brain is way too simplistic, indicating that each class of glial cells is much more diverse than commonly thought. Glial cells ap ...
Amino Acid Residues Contributing to Function of
... Olfactory receptors (Ors) convert chemical signals—the binding of odors and pheromones—to electrical signals through the depolarization of olfactory sensory neurons. Vertebrates Ors are G-protein-coupled receptors, stimulated by odors to produce intracellular second messengers that gate ion channels ...
... Olfactory receptors (Ors) convert chemical signals—the binding of odors and pheromones—to electrical signals through the depolarization of olfactory sensory neurons. Vertebrates Ors are G-protein-coupled receptors, stimulated by odors to produce intracellular second messengers that gate ion channels ...
Olfactory pathway
... the temporal lobe (uncus). Then to olfactory association cortex (anterior part of parahippocampal gyrus or entorinal area). The primary olfactory area and olfactory association cortex are referred to as the pyriform cortex. It is responsible for the appreciation of olfactory stimuli. ...
... the temporal lobe (uncus). Then to olfactory association cortex (anterior part of parahippocampal gyrus or entorinal area). The primary olfactory area and olfactory association cortex are referred to as the pyriform cortex. It is responsible for the appreciation of olfactory stimuli. ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... of urine Other reflexes include alteration of heart rate, changes in respiratory rate and depth, regulation of digestive system activities, and alteration of pupil diameter. Comparable to spinal reflexes. Classic autonomic reflex involves the reduction of blood pressure. ...
... of urine Other reflexes include alteration of heart rate, changes in respiratory rate and depth, regulation of digestive system activities, and alteration of pupil diameter. Comparable to spinal reflexes. Classic autonomic reflex involves the reduction of blood pressure. ...
Prediction error for free monetary reward in the human prefrontal
... that frontostriatal circuits are important for mediating the influence of reward expectation on the selection and preparation of actions. Specific dopamine-rich regions within the prefrontal cortex (Goldman-Rakic et al., 1992; Lidow et al., 1991; Sawaguchi and Goldman-Rakic, 1991), the premotor cort ...
... that frontostriatal circuits are important for mediating the influence of reward expectation on the selection and preparation of actions. Specific dopamine-rich regions within the prefrontal cortex (Goldman-Rakic et al., 1992; Lidow et al., 1991; Sawaguchi and Goldman-Rakic, 1991), the premotor cort ...
disrupted brain thyroid hormone homeostasis
... female control and ASD cases, age 4-16 years. We report that some parameters measured, such as D2 are subject to rapid postmortem inactivation, while others that were analyzed showed both brain region- and sex-dependent changes. Levels of 3-NT were overall increased, T3 was decreased in the cortical ...
... female control and ASD cases, age 4-16 years. We report that some parameters measured, such as D2 are subject to rapid postmortem inactivation, while others that were analyzed showed both brain region- and sex-dependent changes. Levels of 3-NT were overall increased, T3 was decreased in the cortical ...
Pioneers of cortical plasticity: six classic papers by Wiesel and Hubel
... either eye, had exceptionally few cells driven by both eyes, and an electrode passing through cortex encountered large areas of cells responding only to inputs from one or the other eye. Similar studies were conducted in animals with alternating monocular occlusion, and the effects on ocular dominan ...
... either eye, had exceptionally few cells driven by both eyes, and an electrode passing through cortex encountered large areas of cells responding only to inputs from one or the other eye. Similar studies were conducted in animals with alternating monocular occlusion, and the effects on ocular dominan ...
The bit used for relationship between smell and taste
... glomeruli such that each glomerulus receives input primarily from olfactory receptor neurons that express the same olfactory receptor. Glomeruli are also permeated by ...
... glomeruli such that each glomerulus receives input primarily from olfactory receptor neurons that express the same olfactory receptor. Glomeruli are also permeated by ...
DESIGNING OF A POTENT ANALOG AGAINST DRUG RESISTANT HIV-1 PROTEASE:... STUDY Research Article
... to 274.HIV protease is an aspartyl protease which functions as a homodimer with only one active site (D25-T26-G27) which is C2symmetric in its free form. More than 140 structures of the HIV-1 protease, its mutants and enzymes complexed with various inhibitors have been reported so far5. Each monomer ...
... to 274.HIV protease is an aspartyl protease which functions as a homodimer with only one active site (D25-T26-G27) which is C2symmetric in its free form. More than 140 structures of the HIV-1 protease, its mutants and enzymes complexed with various inhibitors have been reported so far5. Each monomer ...
How the prefrontal executive got its stripes
... to the frontal cortex. All cortical areas project to the input nuclei of the basal ganglia (caudate and putamen) but only frontal cortices (motor, premotor and prefrontal) receive the output of the basal ganglia via the thalamus. The simplified diagram shows only the ‘direct’ pathway through the bas ...
... to the frontal cortex. All cortical areas project to the input nuclei of the basal ganglia (caudate and putamen) but only frontal cortices (motor, premotor and prefrontal) receive the output of the basal ganglia via the thalamus. The simplified diagram shows only the ‘direct’ pathway through the bas ...
Developmental mechanics of the primate cerebral cortex
... Abstract The idea that the brain is shaped through the interplay of predetermined ontogenetic factors and mechanisms of self-organization has a long tradition in biology, going back to the late-nineteenth century. Here we illustrate the substantial impact of mechanical forces on the development, mor ...
... Abstract The idea that the brain is shaped through the interplay of predetermined ontogenetic factors and mechanisms of self-organization has a long tradition in biology, going back to the late-nineteenth century. Here we illustrate the substantial impact of mechanical forces on the development, mor ...
Two Phylogenetic Specializations in the Human Brain
... stronger activity in the primary motor cortex. Similarly, the mid-cingulate cortex is more strongly activated when the subject makes small, precisely controlled movements, whereas in the primary motor cortex, activity increases with the force exerted by the subject (see Fig. 4) (Ehrsson and others 2 ...
... stronger activity in the primary motor cortex. Similarly, the mid-cingulate cortex is more strongly activated when the subject makes small, precisely controlled movements, whereas in the primary motor cortex, activity increases with the force exerted by the subject (see Fig. 4) (Ehrsson and others 2 ...
Protein Requirements of Pregnant and Lactating Women
... index) Indian women with normal protein intakes has shown Moving forward that they do not have a higher efficiency of protein utilization Moving forward, many questions still remain to be answered. during pregnancy.11 It is important to emphasize that these low-BMI women also had a “normal” GWG for ...
... index) Indian women with normal protein intakes has shown Moving forward that they do not have a higher efficiency of protein utilization Moving forward, many questions still remain to be answered. during pregnancy.11 It is important to emphasize that these low-BMI women also had a “normal” GWG for ...
NJP VOLUME 40 No 1B
... damage occurs. They activate the pain receptors by irritating nerve endings. These chemical mediators include histamine, substance P, bradykinin, acetylcholine, leukotrienes and prostaglandins. The mediators can produce other reactions at the site of injury, such as vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, ...
... damage occurs. They activate the pain receptors by irritating nerve endings. These chemical mediators include histamine, substance P, bradykinin, acetylcholine, leukotrienes and prostaglandins. The mediators can produce other reactions at the site of injury, such as vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, ...
child development - Goodheart
... • The genes’ instructions are lifelong • Genes affect some parts of growth and development more than others • Some genes determine whether a person will have a trait • Other genes affect the range of a trait ...
... • The genes’ instructions are lifelong • Genes affect some parts of growth and development more than others • Some genes determine whether a person will have a trait • Other genes affect the range of a trait ...
Developing an Effective Parenting Style
... • The genes’ instructions are lifelong • Genes affect some parts of growth and development more than others • Some genes determine whether a person will have a trait • Other genes affect the range of a trait ...
... • The genes’ instructions are lifelong • Genes affect some parts of growth and development more than others • Some genes determine whether a person will have a trait • Other genes affect the range of a trait ...
Exam 3 1. A cross-sectional research study of development
... 1. A cross-sectional research study of development examines what? *A. People of different ages, at the same time B. People of different cultures, at the same time C. One group of people, repeatedly as they grow older D. Many types of behavior, for one group at one time Answer: A. A cross-sectional s ...
... 1. A cross-sectional research study of development examines what? *A. People of different ages, at the same time B. People of different cultures, at the same time C. One group of people, repeatedly as they grow older D. Many types of behavior, for one group at one time Answer: A. A cross-sectional s ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.