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... prey avoided or reacted in a manner that caused the predator to end the predation sequence. Prey capture was not required for an event to be included as a sample. In all cases, a predation event required a predator or group of predators to alter prior behavior and direct movement toward potential pr ...
... prey avoided or reacted in a manner that caused the predator to end the predation sequence. Prey capture was not required for an event to be included as a sample. In all cases, a predation event required a predator or group of predators to alter prior behavior and direct movement toward potential pr ...
tests for similarity and convergence of finch
... for the nonbreeding season, because finches are generally most granivorous then, and natural selection on beak and body size is most frequent in the non breeding season (Boag and Grant 1981, Price eta!. 1984, Schluter and Smith 1986). This choice of season affects lists primarily for the north-tempe ...
... for the nonbreeding season, because finches are generally most granivorous then, and natural selection on beak and body size is most frequent in the non breeding season (Boag and Grant 1981, Price eta!. 1984, Schluter and Smith 1986). This choice of season affects lists primarily for the north-tempe ...
a chameleon as predator of butterflies and its avoidance of known
... and not innate, since there is much geographical and seasonal variation in the prey spectrum. It is also clear that the chameleon was giving due consideration before catching a prey item. Easily recognizable prey items such as Pierids were taken immediately, while more ambiguously coloured prey item ...
... and not innate, since there is much geographical and seasonal variation in the prey spectrum. It is also clear that the chameleon was giving due consideration before catching a prey item. Easily recognizable prey items such as Pierids were taken immediately, while more ambiguously coloured prey item ...
Trophic Organization of Fishes in a Coastal
... 1976a). This analysis was done in conjunction with notations concerning the frequency of 'empty' stomachs so that sampling effort could be established on a n empirical basis. It was found that 7 to 15 individuals (depending on species) were adequate for 90 % food item representation. Combined sample ...
... 1976a). This analysis was done in conjunction with notations concerning the frequency of 'empty' stomachs so that sampling effort could be established on a n empirical basis. It was found that 7 to 15 individuals (depending on species) were adequate for 90 % food item representation. Combined sample ...
tarantula fact sheet - World Animal Foundation
... depending on the species, in a silken egg sac and guard it for 6 to 8 weeks. During this time, the female will stay very close to the egg sac and become more aggressive. Within most species, the female turns the egg sac often, which is called brooding. This keeps the eggs from deforming due to sitti ...
... depending on the species, in a silken egg sac and guard it for 6 to 8 weeks. During this time, the female will stay very close to the egg sac and become more aggressive. Within most species, the female turns the egg sac often, which is called brooding. This keeps the eggs from deforming due to sitti ...
Functional Importance of Seed Weight on the Seedling
... provoked in more seedling leaves for both species. In general, S. bankense seedlings attributed with more leaves than Q. gemelliflora seedling (Figure 2B). It can be referred that there was a positive correlation between seed weight and shoot length of S. bankense and Q. gemelliflora. The same patte ...
... provoked in more seedling leaves for both species. In general, S. bankense seedlings attributed with more leaves than Q. gemelliflora seedling (Figure 2B). It can be referred that there was a positive correlation between seed weight and shoot length of S. bankense and Q. gemelliflora. The same patte ...
Human-Induced Trophic Cascades along the Fecal Detritus Pathway
... and located within the first 400 m of transects used to survey mammal and beetles. Due to logistical constraints, we only measured seed burial within terra firme forest (n = 15) transects, and within the dry season. The border of each mesocosm arena was delimited by a mesh fence (approximately 15 cm ...
... and located within the first 400 m of transects used to survey mammal and beetles. Due to logistical constraints, we only measured seed burial within terra firme forest (n = 15) transects, and within the dry season. The border of each mesocosm arena was delimited by a mesh fence (approximately 15 cm ...
taraxacum officinale pollen depresses seed set of montane
... different species present on a stigma (Kearns & Inouye 1993). Taraxacum pollen was not found on most of the species sampled, but was found at low amounts on the stigmas of three species, from which we selected our two focal species. We also carried out pollinator observations in areas where Taraxacu ...
... different species present on a stigma (Kearns & Inouye 1993). Taraxacum pollen was not found on most of the species sampled, but was found at low amounts on the stigmas of three species, from which we selected our two focal species. We also carried out pollinator observations in areas where Taraxacu ...
The relationships between net primary productivity, human
... words in their name (following Parks & Harcourt, 2002) because they could not be completely surrounded by humans: bay, cape, gulf, cove, harbour, inlet, coast, beach and promontory (including these parks in the analyses does not change the qualitative results or conclusions of the study). Contiguous ...
... words in their name (following Parks & Harcourt, 2002) because they could not be completely surrounded by humans: bay, cape, gulf, cove, harbour, inlet, coast, beach and promontory (including these parks in the analyses does not change the qualitative results or conclusions of the study). Contiguous ...
Managing for ocean biodiversity to sustain marine ecosystem services.
... (Tilman et al. 2006). Invasive species add complexity to these Figure 2. A schematic view of the benefits of biodiversity. Diversity (red ring) issues. Although they nominally add to enhances a variety of ecological processes (blue ring). These enhanced processes biodiversity by increasing the numbe ...
... (Tilman et al. 2006). Invasive species add complexity to these Figure 2. A schematic view of the benefits of biodiversity. Diversity (red ring) issues. Although they nominally add to enhances a variety of ecological processes (blue ring). These enhanced processes biodiversity by increasing the numbe ...
red swamp crayfish
... introduced most frequently by humans when crayfish used as bait or pets are released alive. Once established, local containment of red swamp crayfish may be difficult as males are known to disperse over land for up to several miles at night and during wet weather. ...
... introduced most frequently by humans when crayfish used as bait or pets are released alive. Once established, local containment of red swamp crayfish may be difficult as males are known to disperse over land for up to several miles at night and during wet weather. ...
Tesis Maestria en Ciencias de Marcos A. Caraballo Ortiz
... individuals. Plant-pollinator interactions can also be affected by recently introduced species (Traveset & Richardson 2006), which can alter native pollinator populations (Hansen et al. 2002, Dupont et al. 2004) and disrupt diverse aspects of the reproductive biology of plants. Some introduced spec ...
... individuals. Plant-pollinator interactions can also be affected by recently introduced species (Traveset & Richardson 2006), which can alter native pollinator populations (Hansen et al. 2002, Dupont et al. 2004) and disrupt diverse aspects of the reproductive biology of plants. Some introduced spec ...
atlantic wolffish - Conservation Law Foundation
... Atlantic wolffish also breed uniquely: while most fish broadcast millions of eggs into the water to be fertilized by males and then abandoned, Atlantic wolffish pair up during spawning season and fertilize their eggs internally, similar to how mammals mate. Male wolffish then stay with the eggs in a ...
... Atlantic wolffish also breed uniquely: while most fish broadcast millions of eggs into the water to be fertilized by males and then abandoned, Atlantic wolffish pair up during spawning season and fertilize their eggs internally, similar to how mammals mate. Male wolffish then stay with the eggs in a ...
2 OBJECTIVE: Prevent the introduction of ANS into CT
... http://www.dep.state.ct.us/gis/dataguides/dep/layers/basinm.htm) ...
... http://www.dep.state.ct.us/gis/dataguides/dep/layers/basinm.htm) ...
The return of the Scarlet Ibis: first breeding event in southern Brazil
... Olmos & Silva and Silva (2001, 2003) and Olmos (2003) report that in the Santos-Cubatão mangrove, the Scarlet Ibis can have three reproductive pulses, in November, December and January, being the first species to start breeding activities in the whole waterbird colony. In this area the mean number o ...
... Olmos & Silva and Silva (2001, 2003) and Olmos (2003) report that in the Santos-Cubatão mangrove, the Scarlet Ibis can have three reproductive pulses, in November, December and January, being the first species to start breeding activities in the whole waterbird colony. In this area the mean number o ...
impacts of invasive stream salmonids on native fish: using meta
... by those in allopatry (control) (see Rosenberg et al. 1997). Thus, negative values of lnR mean that, for the native species, the value of a response variable was lower in sympatric than allopatric situations, indicating a negative impact of the alien species on the native one. However, as there was ...
... by those in allopatry (control) (see Rosenberg et al. 1997). Thus, negative values of lnR mean that, for the native species, the value of a response variable was lower in sympatric than allopatric situations, indicating a negative impact of the alien species on the native one. However, as there was ...
J F MAMMALS OF THE FREEMAN RANCH, HAYS COUNTY, TEXAS
... May of 1998, allowing for comparison of different habitats within one season (Nudds, 1977). Five permanent points (T-posts) within each habitat type were established and used as sampling stations. T-posts were randomly placed (at least 250 m apart) within an area of relatively uniform habitat. One l ...
... May of 1998, allowing for comparison of different habitats within one season (Nudds, 1977). Five permanent points (T-posts) within each habitat type were established and used as sampling stations. T-posts were randomly placed (at least 250 m apart) within an area of relatively uniform habitat. One l ...
An ecological perspective on the deployment and design of low
... bnaturalQ, bundisturbedQ or bpristineQ or reference state. However, this is often difficult from a management perspective when bnaturalQ is defined as an environment that is not being affected by anthropogenic activities (Angermeier, 1994). Few coastal environments (if any) can today be regarded as ...
... bnaturalQ, bundisturbedQ or bpristineQ or reference state. However, this is often difficult from a management perspective when bnaturalQ is defined as an environment that is not being affected by anthropogenic activities (Angermeier, 1994). Few coastal environments (if any) can today be regarded as ...
The Galapagos Sailfin Grouper
... to higher profits at market, and so it is in the best interest of a fishermen to catch the largest fish possible. As a result, in places where overfishing occurs, it is usually the largest fish that are the first to go, as long term survival becomes increasingly difficult. The Galapagos grouper is n ...
... to higher profits at market, and so it is in the best interest of a fishermen to catch the largest fish possible. As a result, in places where overfishing occurs, it is usually the largest fish that are the first to go, as long term survival becomes increasingly difficult. The Galapagos grouper is n ...
Competitive Response Hierarchies for Germination
... more than others, these differences in importance may be independent of the intensity of competition (Welden and Slauson 1986). To further understand the influence of competition on corninunity structure. we need to compare the intensity of competition and the degree of consistency of competitive ab ...
... more than others, these differences in importance may be independent of the intensity of competition (Welden and Slauson 1986). To further understand the influence of competition on corninunity structure. we need to compare the intensity of competition and the degree of consistency of competitive ab ...
Cyanopsitta Magazine.. - Loro Parque Fundación
... a few of the many statistics associated with forests, and there is no doubt that they constitute the major repository of life on the planet. Some areas of forest, for their delicate natural balance and other special characteristics, should be left free from the influence of modern man. In other word ...
... a few of the many statistics associated with forests, and there is no doubt that they constitute the major repository of life on the planet. Some areas of forest, for their delicate natural balance and other special characteristics, should be left free from the influence of modern man. In other word ...
41 Ile Iqk
... The numbers of unparasitized cocoons opened by S. cinereus greatly exceeded the numbers of parasitized cocoons opened by this species, whereas the numbers opened by S. arcticus were more nearly equal (Table V). Similarl y , more time was spent by S. eineretts in the runways containing caged, unparas ...
... The numbers of unparasitized cocoons opened by S. cinereus greatly exceeded the numbers of parasitized cocoons opened by this species, whereas the numbers opened by S. arcticus were more nearly equal (Table V). Similarl y , more time was spent by S. eineretts in the runways containing caged, unparas ...
The Cronus hypothesis – extinction as a necessary and dynamic
... 1991; Novotny et al. 2002; Prance 2001; Wilson & Despite early flirtations with the idea of regular return Reeder 2005) has experienced at least five mass times (Raup & Sepkoski 1986), subsequent work has extinction events since the Cambrian period (i.e., failed to confirm any detectable periodicity ...
... 1991; Novotny et al. 2002; Prance 2001; Wilson & Despite early flirtations with the idea of regular return Reeder 2005) has experienced at least five mass times (Raup & Sepkoski 1986), subsequent work has extinction events since the Cambrian period (i.e., failed to confirm any detectable periodicity ...
Critical problems for bird conservation in the Galápagos Islands
... We thank all of the wardens of the Galápagos National Park Service, volunteers, scholarship students and personnel of the Charles Darwin Research Station, and scientists of various universities, who between them have helped acquire information on the birds of Galápagos and the threats they face. Gal ...
... We thank all of the wardens of the Galápagos National Park Service, volunteers, scholarship students and personnel of the Charles Darwin Research Station, and scientists of various universities, who between them have helped acquire information on the birds of Galápagos and the threats they face. Gal ...
Bifrenaria
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.