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05-06
05-06

... that many exotic plants cannot tolerate. In addition, park lands in Alaska have remained relatively free of man-made disturbances such as livestock grazing, wildfire suppression, and altered hydrological regimes that encourage the introduction of exotic species, and they still have all of the major ...
Work Packet - Huth Science
Work Packet - Huth Science

... B. A loss of rain forests trees would have only a small effect on the carbon cycle, because they are green all year long. C. Rain forest destruction would cause only a small increase in carbon dioxide levels if the roots were left to remove carbon dioxide from the air. D. Cutting down rain forests c ...
Criticality and unpredictability in macroevolution
Criticality and unpredictability in macroevolution

... where we have the initial condition P(J 1 ,0)5 p 0 . This result leads immediately to an exponential decay in the average value f T 5( ( i Fi )/N of the local fields, f T }exp(2t/N). The temporal variable f T acts as a control parameter in our system @4#. This exponential time dependence gives a con ...
Mosquito Life Cycle - University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture
Mosquito Life Cycle - University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture

... in the mosquito life cycle has diverse morphology (how they look), but they all follow a general life cycle which has been described in detail in this handout. ...
Chapter 5 - Mr. Carlson`s Science 8
Chapter 5 - Mr. Carlson`s Science 8

... parasite can contribute to biodiversity by controlling the size of specific species populations. 2. Mutualism is a relationship that benefits both species; these benefits can be in dispersing pollen and seeds for reproduction, in receiving food, or in receiving protection. a. Mutualism is not cooper ...
Read the Clissold Park biodiversity report (Word)
Read the Clissold Park biodiversity report (Word)

... trees. Starting with the more mature sections they can sequentially be cut back or coppiced to encourage growth from the base and create a denser hedge. New trees planted in this area may not thrive as it is shaded and the ground very compacted, although Elm trees between the fence and the horse che ...
Ecology (Finals Study Guide).
Ecology (Finals Study Guide).

... • If an anemone-eating species tries to attack the anemone, the clownfish dart out and chase away the predators. • This kind of relationship between species in which both benefit is known as mutualism. ...
3.6 Fauna - ottawariver.org
3.6 Fauna - ottawariver.org

... threatened. Organochlorine compounds may still be in use in the birds’ southern wintering range.  Furthermore, there is uncertainty about the stability of small reintroduced populations in southern  Canada, and the birds’ overall population remains small. The birds also face diminishing quality of  ...
1A Chap 8,11,12 Guided Notes
1A Chap 8,11,12 Guided Notes

... Flying Foxeso Fruit-eating ________ found in Southeast Asian tropical rain forests o Endangered Species because of deforestation and hunting o ______________- important in sustaining tropical forest communities § Mutualism- pollinate many plants including the durian which is an exquisite fruit in So ...
Forecasting global biodiversity threats associated with human
Forecasting global biodiversity threats associated with human

... human population densities and severe ecological disruption that skewed the data in favor of high corre- ...
Lesson 3 - Kingsborough Community College
Lesson 3 - Kingsborough Community College

... 35. Horses and donkeys mate successfully to produce mules which are always sterile. Which genetic isolating mechanism is involved here to prevent horses and donkeys from becoming a single species? a. hybrid inviability b. gametic isolation c. mechanical isolation d. behavioral isolation e. temporal ...
Ground Rules, exams, etc. (no “make up” exams) Text: read
Ground Rules, exams, etc. (no “make up” exams) Text: read

... Pollinating “vectors” — high degree of plant-animal specificity assures that pollen will not be wasted. Costs versus benefits to both plant and pollinator. Must provide large enough reward to make it worthwhile for pollinator to visit flower, but small enough to assure that the pollinator will conti ...
Log-normal distribution
Log-normal distribution

... have 1 individual, x2 to have 2 individuals, etc... Fisher’s alpha diversity index () is usually not biased by sample size and often adequately discriminates differences in diversity among communities even when underlying species abundances do not exactly follow a log series You only need S and N ...
Diversity of freshwater fish (Pisces)
Diversity of freshwater fish (Pisces)

... The family of Cyprinidae is the predominant in species number in this study, with 23 species. According to Nelson (2006), Cyprinidae is the main occupant of the greatest number of the population for several rivers in Sumatra in addition to the type of catfish (Bagridae, Clariidae, Pangasidae). Cypri ...
About AquaMaps: Creating standardized range maps of marine
About AquaMaps: Creating standardized range maps of marine

Ecology and Control of Introduced Plants
Ecology and Control of Introduced Plants

... The socio-economic background of plant introductions Human-aided movement of plant and animal species is an intrinsic part of our history and social development (di Castri 1989) (see Chapter 2). Many of the major crop and domestic species that sustain the human population have been introduced specie ...
Life History Strategies - UNU-FTP
Life History Strategies - UNU-FTP

... Life history and communities • Traits such as body size and its covariates such as home range and tolerance to stress, together with differences in species richness between trophic levels, will determine the impact on ecosystems of different biodiversity loss scenarios: • Top predators with their l ...
ppt
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... have 1 individual, x2 to have 2 individuals, etc... Fisher’s alpha diversity index () is usually not biased by sample size and often adequately discriminates differences in diversity among communities even when underlying species abundances do not exactly follow a log series You only need S and N ...
biodiversity
biodiversity

... rate appears to be one species per decade.  In this century, human impacts have accelerated that rate, causing perhaps hundreds to thousands of extinctions annually. ...
A novel theory to explain species diversity in habitat suitability
A novel theory to explain species diversity in habitat suitability

... species. However, reaching that limit could take an infinitely long time, resulting in effective coexistence. The time-scale to complete exclusion, as demonstrated in our stochastic simulations, is more than one million generations for neighbourhood sizes of only nine cells. Neutral community models ...
Glossary Ecology
Glossary Ecology

... Dispersal: The spreading of individuals away from each other, e.g., the offspring from their parents and from regions of high density to regions of low density; (analog to diffusion, as seen with the import of the potato beetle to Europe). D. Capacity: D. Polymorphism: Two or more types of dispersal ...
Succession in Natural Communities
Succession in Natural Communities

... Slatyer also bring up the question of climax communities. They state that since their inhibition succession model is based on life-history and resistance to dying, that a climax community is simply the species most resistant to damage and elimination. They also concluded that, since they never found ...
Succession in Natural Communities
Succession in Natural Communities

... Slatyer also bring up the question of climax communities. They state that since their inhibition succession model is based on life-history and resistance to dying, that a climax community is simply the species most resistant to damage and elimination. They also concluded that, since they never found ...
Intertidal Station Support Sheets
Intertidal Station Support Sheets

... • Have the students re-group after 8-10 minutes of exploring. ! • Have them share their observations. Add any information that you think is important for the students to take home. ! • Connect all their observations by defining the word “adaptation”. For example, “The anemone’s behavior of closing-u ...
Community Ecology - Home
Community Ecology - Home

... • Gause did early predator-prey experiments, and concluded that cycles in nature result from constant migration, because he couldn’t get coexistence in his experiments. • Huffaker found habitat complexity allowed coexistence • Holling studied Functional response – relationship between prey density a ...
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Bifrenaria



Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.
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