Food Web Diameter: Two Degrees of Separation
... D decreases a factor of two with an order-ofmagnitude increase of C in an approximate power law relationship whose slope is greater for smaller webs (Fig. 1). For webs with constant C, D decreases weakly with increasing S (Fig. 3), contrary to earlier expectations14. As S increases 2 orders of magni ...
... D decreases a factor of two with an order-ofmagnitude increase of C in an approximate power law relationship whose slope is greater for smaller webs (Fig. 1). For webs with constant C, D decreases weakly with increasing S (Fig. 3), contrary to earlier expectations14. As S increases 2 orders of magni ...
91: 3656-3663
... composition of multispecies associations. Although multispecies patches are the arena in which coexistence develops among different phylogenetic groups within communities, the specific processes that occur across life stages have not been explored. Here we study how different species, in composing di ...
... composition of multispecies associations. Although multispecies patches are the arena in which coexistence develops among different phylogenetic groups within communities, the specific processes that occur across life stages have not been explored. Here we study how different species, in composing di ...
Linking species abundance distributions and body size in
... however, it remains a better surrogate measure of body size than a linear measure such as length. Because monogeneans are flatworms and because the method used to flatten the worms before measurements was the same for all specimens, body surface area measured this way is a very close equivalent of b ...
... however, it remains a better surrogate measure of body size than a linear measure such as length. Because monogeneans are flatworms and because the method used to flatten the worms before measurements was the same for all specimens, body surface area measured this way is a very close equivalent of b ...
Evaluating Multispecies Landscape Connectivity in a Threatened
... Elevation was included because it is the strongest natural driver of variation in forest composition in the region (Culmsee & Leuschner 2013) and is tightly and negatively related to temperature. We also included a quadratic term for elevation (elevation2 ) to account for nonlinear responses of abun ...
... Elevation was included because it is the strongest natural driver of variation in forest composition in the region (Culmsee & Leuschner 2013) and is tightly and negatively related to temperature. We also included a quadratic term for elevation (elevation2 ) to account for nonlinear responses of abun ...
Mt. Mansfield Amphibian Monitoring Update 2010
... of concern. Appropriate breeding habitat still exists close to at least one of the fences and egg-masses have been observed in these pools. However, there may have been declines in foraging habitat, overwintering success, or successful development of the eggs or young. Spring Peeper Although the num ...
... of concern. Appropriate breeding habitat still exists close to at least one of the fences and egg-masses have been observed in these pools. However, there may have been declines in foraging habitat, overwintering success, or successful development of the eggs or young. Spring Peeper Although the num ...
Bumblebees
... apples and raspberries. Unfortunately these popular and hard-working insects are in decline and urgent action is required to save them. Bumblebees have undergone a rapid decline in their range and population. There are 25 species native to the UK, but three are now extinct and six species have decli ...
... apples and raspberries. Unfortunately these popular and hard-working insects are in decline and urgent action is required to save them. Bumblebees have undergone a rapid decline in their range and population. There are 25 species native to the UK, but three are now extinct and six species have decli ...
What is an Invasive Species?
... Recent studies indicated that alien species differ from natives in their relationships with organisms of other trophic levels (Chittka and Schürkens, 2001; Klironomos, 2002); this can provide them with competitive advantages during invasion. This article focuses largely on alien species, but it is n ...
... Recent studies indicated that alien species differ from natives in their relationships with organisms of other trophic levels (Chittka and Schürkens, 2001; Klironomos, 2002); this can provide them with competitive advantages during invasion. This article focuses largely on alien species, but it is n ...
Powerpoint
... joint is formed of quadrate and articular Stapes is only bone of hearing Examine fossils to see transition sequence Later mammals, upper and lower jaws articulate without quadrate and articular These bones free to evolve new function More recent mammals, quadrate and articular articulate with stapes ...
... joint is formed of quadrate and articular Stapes is only bone of hearing Examine fossils to see transition sequence Later mammals, upper and lower jaws articulate without quadrate and articular These bones free to evolve new function More recent mammals, quadrate and articular articulate with stapes ...
How realistic can we be?
... • Exploitation competition (for light) – Upright, branching corals can shade massive corals – Encrusting algae can spread over corals ...
... • Exploitation competition (for light) – Upright, branching corals can shade massive corals – Encrusting algae can spread over corals ...
PDF - Point Journals
... this has in turn enhanced the life forms that depend upon it. However, fish, reptiles, amphibians and other invertebrate species are not recorded and further investigation need for justification. The most notable taxonomic groups are discussed as: ...
... this has in turn enhanced the life forms that depend upon it. However, fish, reptiles, amphibians and other invertebrate species are not recorded and further investigation need for justification. The most notable taxonomic groups are discussed as: ...
El Nino and introduced insects in the Galapagos Islands: different
... Eradication programs are expected to be more successful on the smaller islands or in isolated areas where distri- ...
... Eradication programs are expected to be more successful on the smaller islands or in isolated areas where distri- ...
Cynanchum elegans review of information
... There is limited knowledge of the species biology. Cynanchum elegans is clonal and there is uncertainty in defining a plant. One population could consist of only one plant, or, if there are clumps of stems, it may be assumed that a clump is a single plant. From years of monitoring the plants in the ...
... There is limited knowledge of the species biology. Cynanchum elegans is clonal and there is uncertainty in defining a plant. One population could consist of only one plant, or, if there are clumps of stems, it may be assumed that a clump is a single plant. From years of monitoring the plants in the ...
IDentIfIcAtIon GuIDe
... Safety Officers with on-ground identification of the birds and flying foxes that are at risk of colliding with aircraft. Only the high, moderate and potential risk species to aircraft operations at Darwin International Airport have been included in this guide to improve the identification of the spe ...
... Safety Officers with on-ground identification of the birds and flying foxes that are at risk of colliding with aircraft. Only the high, moderate and potential risk species to aircraft operations at Darwin International Airport have been included in this guide to improve the identification of the spe ...
Ecology
... Symbiosis —a relationship in which the two species live in close physiological contact with each other, such as corals and algae. Parasites can also form symbiotic relationships. Symbioses can include parasitism (+/–), commensalism (+/0), and mutualism (+/+). ...
... Symbiosis —a relationship in which the two species live in close physiological contact with each other, such as corals and algae. Parasites can also form symbiotic relationships. Symbioses can include parasitism (+/–), commensalism (+/0), and mutualism (+/+). ...
Proposal - Texas Water Resources Institute
... Morphological analyses–I will obtain museum specimens of all gambusia species native to Texas (eight species) and conduct a morphological comparison using geometric morphometrics. Additionally, I will include other representatives of the family in which much is known of their ecology (e.g. Poecilia ...
... Morphological analyses–I will obtain museum specimens of all gambusia species native to Texas (eight species) and conduct a morphological comparison using geometric morphometrics. Additionally, I will include other representatives of the family in which much is known of their ecology (e.g. Poecilia ...
Distribution/abundance relations in a New Zealand grassland
... and its local abundance, i.e., widely occurring species tend to be more abundant locally when they do occur. Such relations have been documented over a wide range of taxa and spatial scales. There are five major hypotheses seeking to explain the relation: Random placement, Sampling error, Niche widt ...
... and its local abundance, i.e., widely occurring species tend to be more abundant locally when they do occur. Such relations have been documented over a wide range of taxa and spatial scales. There are five major hypotheses seeking to explain the relation: Random placement, Sampling error, Niche widt ...
2.71 mb pdf - Environmental Information Service
... Nothobranchius capriviensis occurs in several ephemeral pans in eastern Zambezi Region of Namibia, usually in isolation but rarely in association with other fish species. During flooding episodes, however, N. capriviensis has been recorded at two road culverts at opposite ends of its main distributi ...
... Nothobranchius capriviensis occurs in several ephemeral pans in eastern Zambezi Region of Namibia, usually in isolation but rarely in association with other fish species. During flooding episodes, however, N. capriviensis has been recorded at two road culverts at opposite ends of its main distributi ...
Species at Risk, Conservation Strategies, and Ecological Integrity
... notes that limited knowledge is available about most species, and that there are limited resources available to obtain the information required. However, it is important to acknowledge that over the past few years, through various Forest Renewal British Columbia (FRBC) programs, there have been some ...
... notes that limited knowledge is available about most species, and that there are limited resources available to obtain the information required. However, it is important to acknowledge that over the past few years, through various Forest Renewal British Columbia (FRBC) programs, there have been some ...
Plant species provide vital ecosystem functions for sustainable
... invaders, goatgrass and medusahead, can lower nitrogen availability in the soil (especially during winter), adversely affecting the productivity of desirable grassland species (table 3). These invasive species can displace resident species by directly competing ...
... invaders, goatgrass and medusahead, can lower nitrogen availability in the soil (especially during winter), adversely affecting the productivity of desirable grassland species (table 3). These invasive species can displace resident species by directly competing ...
Coevolutionary Chase in Two-species Systems with Applications to
... spatial structure, etc. will definitely make the dynamics more complex. Before starting to analyse the whole system (3), it is useful to consider two simple partial cases. ...
... spatial structure, etc. will definitely make the dynamics more complex. Before starting to analyse the whole system (3), it is useful to consider two simple partial cases. ...
A mechanistic verification of the competitive exclusion principle
... Additionally we show indefinite competitive coexistence of three and four species in one closed homogeneous habitat (Movies S3 and S4). All these species are complete competitors. They compete for one limiting resource in isolated stable uniform habitat without any trade-offs and cooperative intera ...
... Additionally we show indefinite competitive coexistence of three and four species in one closed homogeneous habitat (Movies S3 and S4). All these species are complete competitors. They compete for one limiting resource in isolated stable uniform habitat without any trade-offs and cooperative intera ...
UNIT B Notes Bio20-2
... This is more common when an organism’s environment is changing – mutations that were silent (no advantage or maybe a slight disadvantage) are now favorable, allowing the individual organism to survive better. o Examples: housefly’s that are able to resist the pesticide DDT Mutation present before ...
... This is more common when an organism’s environment is changing – mutations that were silent (no advantage or maybe a slight disadvantage) are now favorable, allowing the individual organism to survive better. o Examples: housefly’s that are able to resist the pesticide DDT Mutation present before ...
Assembly history dictates ecosystem functioning
... comprehensive understanding of ecosystem functioning. Potential links between assembly history, community structure and ecosystem functioning are not necessarily straightforward. For example, even a small historical effect on community structure may result in large variation in ecosystem functioning ...
... comprehensive understanding of ecosystem functioning. Potential links between assembly history, community structure and ecosystem functioning are not necessarily straightforward. For example, even a small historical effect on community structure may result in large variation in ecosystem functioning ...
Bifrenaria
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.