Section 2 notes
... These answers give the environment or location, but ecologists need more information to understand fully why an organism lives where it does and how it fits into its surroundings. What else do they need to know? ...
... These answers give the environment or location, but ecologists need more information to understand fully why an organism lives where it does and how it fits into its surroundings. What else do they need to know? ...
Ecosystem-level consequences of invasions by native species as a
... while changes in relative abundance among species (i.e., evenness) are more frequent than extinction of species and are able to cause important changes in ecosystem function, most studies have curiously not examined thoroughly the potential role of that diversity component. The few small-scale exper ...
... while changes in relative abundance among species (i.e., evenness) are more frequent than extinction of species and are able to cause important changes in ecosystem function, most studies have curiously not examined thoroughly the potential role of that diversity component. The few small-scale exper ...
Feeding habits of Collembola and their ecological niche
... remains were more often found. This is of interest because, even if it is not an abundant species in the epiphytic plants, reaching only 2% of the total abundance in the rainy seasons (Palacios-Vargas & Castaño-Meneses 2003), its abundance increased during the dry season, reaching 8% of the total nu ...
... remains were more often found. This is of interest because, even if it is not an abundant species in the epiphytic plants, reaching only 2% of the total abundance in the rainy seasons (Palacios-Vargas & Castaño-Meneses 2003), its abundance increased during the dry season, reaching 8% of the total nu ...
Ecology 86(7)
... Abstract. We sampled the understory community in an old-growth, temperate forest to test alternative hypotheses explaining the establishment of exotic plants. We quantified the individual and net importance of distance from areas of human disturbance, native plant diversity, and environmental gradie ...
... Abstract. We sampled the understory community in an old-growth, temperate forest to test alternative hypotheses explaining the establishment of exotic plants. We quantified the individual and net importance of distance from areas of human disturbance, native plant diversity, and environmental gradie ...
Pattern, process, and consequences of rarity
... could not account for the irregularities in habitat preferences. Why, for example, does a typically acid loving plant such as Pinus resinosa occur on limestone barrens in Canada (Griggs 1940)? These idiosyncrasies have been reported for many rare taxa and continue to be a stumbling block for more co ...
... could not account for the irregularities in habitat preferences. Why, for example, does a typically acid loving plant such as Pinus resinosa occur on limestone barrens in Canada (Griggs 1940)? These idiosyncrasies have been reported for many rare taxa and continue to be a stumbling block for more co ...
Pattern, process, and consequences of rarity
... could not account for the irregularities in habitat preferences. Why, for example, does a typically acid loving plant such as Pinus resinosa occur on limestone barrens in Canada (Griggs 1940)? These idiosyncrasies have been reported for many rare taxa and continue to be a stumbling block for more co ...
... could not account for the irregularities in habitat preferences. Why, for example, does a typically acid loving plant such as Pinus resinosa occur on limestone barrens in Canada (Griggs 1940)? These idiosyncrasies have been reported for many rare taxa and continue to be a stumbling block for more co ...
Angert et al. 2009 PNAS
... these traits that ref lect physiological and morphological capacities underlying the growth/low-resource tolerance tradeoff: specific leaf area (SLA), leaf mass ratio (LMR), relative growth rate plasticity, the ratio of maximum electron transport to maximum carboxylation velocity (Jmax:VCmax), and l ...
... these traits that ref lect physiological and morphological capacities underlying the growth/low-resource tolerance tradeoff: specific leaf area (SLA), leaf mass ratio (LMR), relative growth rate plasticity, the ratio of maximum electron transport to maximum carboxylation velocity (Jmax:VCmax), and l ...
Robert MacArthur - National Academy of Sciences
... first (1955) was the proposal of a way to measure community stability taken from information theory, formalizing for the first time a concept that, until then, could only be expressed through verbal description. Soon afterward (1957) came the celebrated "broken-stick" model of the relative abundance ...
... first (1955) was the proposal of a way to measure community stability taken from information theory, formalizing for the first time a concept that, until then, could only be expressed through verbal description. Soon afterward (1957) came the celebrated "broken-stick" model of the relative abundance ...
Invasive Species Definition Clarification and Guidance White Paper
... Complications concerning the concept of invasive species arise from differing human values and perspectives. Differing perceptions of the relative harm caused or benefit gained by a particular organism are influenced by different values and management goals. If invasive species did not cause harm, w ...
... Complications concerning the concept of invasive species arise from differing human values and perspectives. Differing perceptions of the relative harm caused or benefit gained by a particular organism are influenced by different values and management goals. If invasive species did not cause harm, w ...
Phloem-feeding specialists sharing a host tree: resource partitioning
... pairs o f species at three hierarchial levels: shoots within trees, leaves within shoots, and leaflets within leaves, and calculated niche breadth ( B ) for each species when alone and when co-habiting with another. Competition will be indicated i f B o f at least one species is smaller when co-habi ...
... pairs o f species at three hierarchial levels: shoots within trees, leaves within shoots, and leaflets within leaves, and calculated niche breadth ( B ) for each species when alone and when co-habiting with another. Competition will be indicated i f B o f at least one species is smaller when co-habi ...
Botanizing Along the East Side of Steens Mountain
... inconspicuous flowers, and small leaves covered with white hairs. Moreover, several of the shrubs are dioecious, making identification doubly difficult: when in bloom or in fruit, male plants look decidedly different from female plants of the same species. “We will never be able to tell the species ...
... inconspicuous flowers, and small leaves covered with white hairs. Moreover, several of the shrubs are dioecious, making identification doubly difficult: when in bloom or in fruit, male plants look decidedly different from female plants of the same species. “We will never be able to tell the species ...
Primary Forests and Biodiversity
... International Boreal Conservation Science Panel has recommended that reserves in North America’s Boreal Forest region should be at least one to two million hectares in area to protect woodland caribou and other species and to maintain ecological functionality (Badiou et al. 2013). Tropical forests a ...
... International Boreal Conservation Science Panel has recommended that reserves in North America’s Boreal Forest region should be at least one to two million hectares in area to protect woodland caribou and other species and to maintain ecological functionality (Badiou et al. 2013). Tropical forests a ...
Conservation/Restoration (only sections needed)
... • In almost all cases, habitat fragmentation and destruction lead to loss of biodiversity • For example – In Wisconsin, prairie occupies <0.1% of its original area – About 93% of coral reefs have been damaged by human activities ...
... • In almost all cases, habitat fragmentation and destruction lead to loss of biodiversity • For example – In Wisconsin, prairie occupies <0.1% of its original area – About 93% of coral reefs have been damaged by human activities ...
Landscape-Scale Planning
... and bird species richness; and community structure.7,15,18-25 Research suggests a watershed with 30 to 50 percent forest cover can support minimal habitat function, but still results in loss of important species and impacts to aquatic ecosystems.7 Forest cover greater than 60 percent is more likely ...
... and bird species richness; and community structure.7,15,18-25 Research suggests a watershed with 30 to 50 percent forest cover can support minimal habitat function, but still results in loss of important species and impacts to aquatic ecosystems.7 Forest cover greater than 60 percent is more likely ...
Managing Shrublands and Old Fields
... Management of shrublands and old field habitats Patch size Patch size and distribution on the landscape are important considerations in planning and managing habitats. Some species will use a range of patch sizes while others may require a certain minimum amount of habitat. For instance, small isol ...
... Management of shrublands and old field habitats Patch size Patch size and distribution on the landscape are important considerations in planning and managing habitats. Some species will use a range of patch sizes while others may require a certain minimum amount of habitat. For instance, small isol ...
Chapter 18 Success factors in the establishment of human
... filters), or which of the organisms present in a region are likely to spread to other regions (the first through third filters). In the general view, particular characteristics of species or environments have usually been perceived as either promoting or inhibiting the invasion process as a whole, w ...
... filters), or which of the organisms present in a region are likely to spread to other regions (the first through third filters). In the general view, particular characteristics of species or environments have usually been perceived as either promoting or inhibiting the invasion process as a whole, w ...
Kirwan in Ecology
... positive and negative interactions may operate simultaneously. The diversity effect is the net result of all of these. The positive and negative contributions may counteract each other, and in some instances even lead to a net diversity effect of zero. The degree of expression of an interaction betw ...
... positive and negative interactions may operate simultaneously. The diversity effect is the net result of all of these. The positive and negative contributions may counteract each other, and in some instances even lead to a net diversity effect of zero. The degree of expression of an interaction betw ...
Diversityinteraction modeling: estimating contributions of species
... positive and negative interactions may operate simultaneously. The diversity effect is the net result of all of these. The positive and negative contributions may counteract each other, and in some instances even lead to a net diversity effect of zero. The degree of expression of an interaction betw ...
... positive and negative interactions may operate simultaneously. The diversity effect is the net result of all of these. The positive and negative contributions may counteract each other, and in some instances even lead to a net diversity effect of zero. The degree of expression of an interaction betw ...
The efficiency of two widely used commercial live
... implementation, especially in the case of small mammals. We analyze differences in the efficiency of the two most widely used commercial traps (Longworth and Sherman) working simultaneously in eight different mountain habitats in Andorra country (NE Iberia) as a first step for establishing standardize ...
... implementation, especially in the case of small mammals. We analyze differences in the efficiency of the two most widely used commercial traps (Longworth and Sherman) working simultaneously in eight different mountain habitats in Andorra country (NE Iberia) as a first step for establishing standardize ...
Systematic studies of the Syrphidae (Flower Flies)
... The Syrphidae (hover flies, flower flies) is a diverse family in the order Diptera (True Flies) with over 6000 described species worldwide and almost 900 in North America. Their ecological roles are diverse and they can be important biologically and economically as pollinators and biological control ...
... The Syrphidae (hover flies, flower flies) is a diverse family in the order Diptera (True Flies) with over 6000 described species worldwide and almost 900 in North America. Their ecological roles are diverse and they can be important biologically and economically as pollinators and biological control ...
Markov Chain Analysis of Succession in a Rocky Subtidal Community
... usually requires recruitment of larvae. At shallow subtidal depths, larvae sometimes settle in dense aggregations that completely cover available space, but this seems to happen less often at deeper depths, including the depths from which our data come (Witman and Dayton 2001). Subtidal succession h ...
... usually requires recruitment of larvae. At shallow subtidal depths, larvae sometimes settle in dense aggregations that completely cover available space, but this seems to happen less often at deeper depths, including the depths from which our data come (Witman and Dayton 2001). Subtidal succession h ...
biology_-_module_4_-_notes
... This is found in Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand and South America and its presence on the southern continents led scientists to believe that these continents had once been joined. It evolved after Africa separated from Gondwana and it formed large rainforests. Fossil pollen of Nothofagus from Au ...
... This is found in Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand and South America and its presence on the southern continents led scientists to believe that these continents had once been joined. It evolved after Africa separated from Gondwana and it formed large rainforests. Fossil pollen of Nothofagus from Au ...
DengBioDiversity.pdf
... To those who look at climate and the physical conditions of life as the allimportant elements of distribution, these facts ought to cause surprise, as climate and height or depth graduate away insensibly. But when we bear in mind that almost every species, even in its metropolis, would increase imme ...
... To those who look at climate and the physical conditions of life as the allimportant elements of distribution, these facts ought to cause surprise, as climate and height or depth graduate away insensibly. But when we bear in mind that almost every species, even in its metropolis, would increase imme ...
Invasive mammals in Cuba: an overview
... province, from Jamaica. However, it appears that the first introduction was at an earlier date, since Espeut (1882) reported mongoose shipments to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Grenada, Barbados and Santa Cruz (Trinidad). In 1916, mongooses were introduced to the eastern region between Manzanillo and Cabo Cruz ...
... province, from Jamaica. However, it appears that the first introduction was at an earlier date, since Espeut (1882) reported mongoose shipments to Cuba, Puerto Rico, Grenada, Barbados and Santa Cruz (Trinidad). In 1916, mongooses were introduced to the eastern region between Manzanillo and Cabo Cruz ...
Bifrenaria
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.