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abstracts - Aberdeen Centre for Environmental Sustainability
abstracts - Aberdeen Centre for Environmental Sustainability

... activities, managers of the protected area, local development agents, and other local government staff. In total, 200 respondents participated in the study. Two ecological (river welfare and natural protected area surface), three socio-economic (traditional agriculture surface, ecotourism facilities ...
Ecology3e Ch09 Lecture KEY
Ecology3e Ch09 Lecture KEY

... develop wings increases as the density of aphids increases. ...
Print this article - Scholar Science Journals
Print this article - Scholar Science Journals

... 1600 Km in length running parallel to the West cost of Peninsular India from the river Tapti to Kanyakumari, the southern tip of peninsular India. Western Ghats is one of the 33 recognized ecologically sensitive zones in the World, which is a home to 1500 flowering plants, at least 84 amphibian spec ...
The Overriding Importance of Environmental Context in Determining
The Overriding Importance of Environmental Context in Determining

... effects on both prey species in the intermediate mid-zones and, with algal whiplash, were the major determinants of low mussel and barnacle cover in such areas. Field observations led me to surmise that physical constraints were the basis of subhabitat differences in the effects of whelks. To test t ...
Mollusks : Carnegie Museum of Natural History
Mollusks : Carnegie Museum of Natural History

... Elwell & Ulmer (1971) detailed the habitats of A. alternata in Iowa, finding that it did not produce sperm until reaching 9mm diameter and did not oviposit until at least 13mm. In the wild these snails matured in their second or third summer. In a captive colony this snail burrowed into soil, gravel ...
38662778 - studylib.net
38662778 - studylib.net

Rusty Crayfish Invades Ontario Waters
Rusty Crayfish Invades Ontario Waters

... This species has a brown body and claws with dark black bands near the tips (see diagram) . There are prominent rusty patches (which may not always be present) on either side of the carapace as though it was picked up by a person with rusty paint on their forefin ger and thumb. Rusty crayfish grows ...
Spatial distribution patterns of the dominant canopy dipterocarp
Spatial distribution patterns of the dominant canopy dipterocarp

... showed signs of density-dependence. In a later paper (Condit et al., 1994), they suggested that the role of density-dependence may only be important among those species with the highest population densities. More recently, however, Wills et al. (1997), using more robust statistical techniques to rea ...
Biodiversity
Biodiversity

... interfere with human activities also results in reduced biodiversity. • Large predators have been locally exterminated because they preyed on domestic animals. • Passenger pigeons became extinct primarily because of increased conversion of forested land. ...
AP BIOLOGY – CHRISTMAS BREAK WORK
AP BIOLOGY – CHRISTMAS BREAK WORK

... species richness and relative abundance: food chain and food web: primary and secondary succession: Define an ecological niche and explain the competitive exclusion principle in terms of the niche ...
THE EcosysTEm 2 Structure 2.1
THE EcosysTEm 2 Structure 2.1

... by counting the numbers of organisms in an ecosystem and constructing a pyramid. Quantitative data for each trophic level are drawn to scale as horizontal bars arranged symmetrically around a central axis (Figure 2.4a). Sometimes, rather than counting every individual in a trophic level, limited col ...
Macroevolutionary processes
Macroevolutionary processes

... distantly related (=non-sister) taxa grow in same habitat and have evolved similar morphologies • Conversely, closely related taxa may have diverged dramatically in morphology and ecology and do not resemble each other • "Weird" or extreme phenotypic traits in certain organisms sometimes confound in ...
A mini review on theories and measures of interspecific associations
A mini review on theories and measures of interspecific associations

... Different form animals, plants usually disseminate their seeds through gravity, wind, and some animals as insects in order to reproduce themselves. Therefore their interspecific associations are distinct from animals. Researchers always detect the whole interspecific associations of all species with ...
The diet and ecological role of giraffe
The diet and ecological role of giraffe

... herbivores and the influences the herbivore may have on an ecosystem (Bookhout, 1996). In addition, studies of herbivore diets are useful in that they provide the initial step towards understanding the resources and habitat required before any management efforts can be initiated (Bookhout, 1996). Th ...
Coral Reef Processes (powerpoint)
Coral Reef Processes (powerpoint)

... •Largest class of Cnidarians ...
Using Biodiversity and Evenness Comparisons Among Plant
Using Biodiversity and Evenness Comparisons Among Plant

... BLM public lands, nine of which had not been reported elsewhere in the United States and 14, which are considered to be globally rare. McCarthy (1996) reviewed herbarium literature and completed a floristic survey of the Pryor Mountains in 1994 and 1995. In a comparative study with eleven other regi ...
Effects of Garden Attributes on Ant (Formicidae) Species Richness
Effects of Garden Attributes on Ant (Formicidae) Species Richness

... We used standard tuna baiting methods, placing pieces of tuna directly on the soil surface along transects at 2-m intervals within garden plots (Brown, 2000). Half plots had three transects, while full and double plots had four. All baits were checked 30 min and 1 h after placement. Ant specimens we ...
Reproductive dynamics of three amphibian species in
Reproductive dynamics of three amphibian species in

... month in a pond which is known to have been occupied over the breeding season may result either from the species having been missed by the observer while it was present, or from its true absence because breeding has not started or is already finished. Acknowledging this potential issue, recent studi ...
Effects of Habitat-Forming Species Richness, Evenness, Identity
Effects of Habitat-Forming Species Richness, Evenness, Identity

... these characteristics should influence the establishment of associated species and their diversity [36–38]. Therefore, habitats marked by a high abundance, richness, and evenness (equal abundance) of HFS should support a more diverse assemblage of associated species. Primary productivity of the whol ...
internal parasites of lizards from taiwan
internal parasites of lizards from taiwan

... microscope the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines for helminths. The lungs were not examined. Some of the donated lizards were already dissected, and sometimes incomplete, in which case we examined them as far as possible. We cleared the helminths in a drop of undiluted glycerol on a ...
Competition - WordPress.com
Competition - WordPress.com

... • For example, nematodes (roundworms) parasitize a species of treedwelling ants and lay eggs in the ant’s posterior-most body region, causing it to appear red instead of the normal black color. • Infected ants also hold the region up in a “flagging” posture, making them look like berries; as a resul ...
Recruitment and post-recruit immigration
Recruitment and post-recruit immigration

... 11% $ 3%, and a median value of 4.2%. These distributions indicate that, for recruits or post-recruits, most species receive a relatively small input, while a few species receive large inputs relative to their population size. Temporal patterns in recruit and post-recruit immigration All bommies sho ...
Immigration and the Maintenance of Local Species Diversity
Immigration and the Maintenance of Local Species Diversity

... Although we recognize that direct interference during seedling establishment and growth can occur, particularly in fertile environments, we deliberately ignore it because we wish to explore the effects of immigration from an external source on their own, uncluttered by other processes that may affec ...
BCB341_Chapter4a_threats_to_biodiversity_exotic_species
BCB341_Chapter4a_threats_to_biodiversity_exotic_species

... control through early attempts at vaccination and natural immunity among surviving animals  In the early 1960s a more reliable vaccine was developed and between 1962 and 1976 there was a large-scale attempt to eradicate rinderpest entirely from Africa through mass vaccination  This was largely suc ...
Chapter4
Chapter4

... Rinderpest: Control  The disease was eventually brought under control through early attempts at vaccination and natural immunity among surviving animals  In the early 1960s a more reliable vaccine was developed and between 1962 and 1976 there was a large-scale attempt to eradicate rinderpest enti ...
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Bifrenaria



Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.
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