A seven-year study of individual variation in fruit
... fruit crops. Over a 7-year period (1979-1985),overall fruit production was high during three nonconsecutive years and low during four years. Within genera, tree species displayed distinct fruiting schedules. Even within populations, individual trees ~ometimesfruited in different years or failed to f ...
... fruit crops. Over a 7-year period (1979-1985),overall fruit production was high during three nonconsecutive years and low during four years. Within genera, tree species displayed distinct fruiting schedules. Even within populations, individual trees ~ometimesfruited in different years or failed to f ...
Uganda-Plant and Forest Ecology
... of epiphytic ferns increased insignificantly as distance into the forest interior increased. Epiphytic fern abundance and species richness is linearly related to host size. No obvious pattern in specificity between host species and epiphytic ferns was observed. It is possible that distance from fore ...
... of epiphytic ferns increased insignificantly as distance into the forest interior increased. Epiphytic fern abundance and species richness is linearly related to host size. No obvious pattern in specificity between host species and epiphytic ferns was observed. It is possible that distance from fore ...
concepts-of-biology
... intermediate or type II survivorship curve. In type III survivorship curves, early ages experience the highest mortality with much lower mortality rates for organisms that make it to advanced years. Type III organisms typically produce large numbers of offspring, but provide very little or no care f ...
... intermediate or type II survivorship curve. In type III survivorship curves, early ages experience the highest mortality with much lower mortality rates for organisms that make it to advanced years. Type III organisms typically produce large numbers of offspring, but provide very little or no care f ...
Characteristics Specific to the Type of Primates
... Madagascar off the African coast. The competition in an island ecosystem is often less intense as there are fewer types of animals trying to make a living. In this case, the lemurs diversified to fill a number of niches. Some are nocturnal while others are diurnal. Some are highly social while other ...
... Madagascar off the African coast. The competition in an island ecosystem is often less intense as there are fewer types of animals trying to make a living. In this case, the lemurs diversified to fill a number of niches. Some are nocturnal while others are diurnal. Some are highly social while other ...
Mark scheme - Unit F215 - Control, genomes and environment
... ACCEPT altered, different (form / version) CREDIT DNA if qualified, eg at a locus / codes for X ...
... ACCEPT altered, different (form / version) CREDIT DNA if qualified, eg at a locus / codes for X ...
Diversity and ecosystem functioning: Litter decomposition
... of litter mixtures differed from what would be expected from the decomposition rates of their component species. However, there were also differences between mixtures, which could be at least partly attributed to the varying influence of invertebrates. We conclude that the relationship between the de ...
... of litter mixtures differed from what would be expected from the decomposition rates of their component species. However, there were also differences between mixtures, which could be at least partly attributed to the varying influence of invertebrates. We conclude that the relationship between the de ...
Biotic interactions and plant invasions
... et al. 2005; Carpenter & Cappuccino 2005; Parker & Hay 2005). These within-community comparisons have been cited as contrary to the enemy release hypothesis (Colautti et al. 2004). However, many relied on assessments of visible damage. Because plant species vary in their ability to tolerate or compe ...
... et al. 2005; Carpenter & Cappuccino 2005; Parker & Hay 2005). These within-community comparisons have been cited as contrary to the enemy release hypothesis (Colautti et al. 2004). However, many relied on assessments of visible damage. Because plant species vary in their ability to tolerate or compe ...
Trait-mediated assembly processes predict successional changes in
... community assembly remains a central challenge in ecology. Interspecific variation in ecological strategies is considered a major driver of community assembly and has been classified by Chesson (1) into relative fitness (i.e., per capita population growth rate) differences and stabilizing niche diff ...
... community assembly remains a central challenge in ecology. Interspecific variation in ecological strategies is considered a major driver of community assembly and has been classified by Chesson (1) into relative fitness (i.e., per capita population growth rate) differences and stabilizing niche diff ...
Biological Control Introductions in Hawaii: 1890 to 1985
... (Olivier), then it was considered to be non-specific. As more observations are made and reported, some purposely introduced species which are now considered to be specific may eventually be found to be non-specific. The data presented are derived mostly from the Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomolog ...
... (Olivier), then it was considered to be non-specific. As more observations are made and reported, some purposely introduced species which are now considered to be specific may eventually be found to be non-specific. The data presented are derived mostly from the Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomolog ...
Chapter 50 Conservation Biology
... Alien species are nonnative species that move, or are moved, into a new ecosystem. – Often have competitive edge against native species. Avenues of Human Introduction Colonization Horticulture and Agriculture Accidental Transport Mader: Biology 8th Ed. ...
... Alien species are nonnative species that move, or are moved, into a new ecosystem. – Often have competitive edge against native species. Avenues of Human Introduction Colonization Horticulture and Agriculture Accidental Transport Mader: Biology 8th Ed. ...
on the relationship between regional and local species richness
... also impact the assembly of communities (Drake 1991), leading to disparate local communities through time, due to better competitors or colonists being present in one regional pool and not another. Composition may thus have important implications for the relationship between local and regional richn ...
... also impact the assembly of communities (Drake 1991), leading to disparate local communities through time, due to better competitors or colonists being present in one regional pool and not another. Composition may thus have important implications for the relationship between local and regional richn ...
... The biological diversity of the earth and its origins have long been a source of amazement and curiosity, and an area of formal inquiry ever since Wallace and Darwin. Current interest in diversity centers both on why there are so many species and on how diversity impacts population and ecosystem pro ...
Biological Control of Insect Pests on Field Crops
... has led to increasingly stringent criteria for introductions. These restrictions are justified given that other, far more complex, ecological impacts of introduced species are exceedingly difficult to predict. A good example is the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis. Although this spe ...
... has led to increasingly stringent criteria for introductions. These restrictions are justified given that other, far more complex, ecological impacts of introduced species are exceedingly difficult to predict. A good example is the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis. Although this spe ...
3. and savannah ecosystems
... the basis of defined P/PET limits. There is no straightforward relationship between the regions and ecosystem types discussed here and other major terrestrial ecosystem types already addressed under the Convention, namely forests, inland water and agricultural ecosystems. ...
... the basis of defined P/PET limits. There is no straightforward relationship between the regions and ecosystem types discussed here and other major terrestrial ecosystem types already addressed under the Convention, namely forests, inland water and agricultural ecosystems. ...
MF2222 Biological Control of Insect Pests on
... has led to increasingly stringent criteria for introductions. These restrictions are justified given that other, far more complex, ecological impacts of introduced species are exceedingly difficult to predict. A good example is the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis. Although this spe ...
... has led to increasingly stringent criteria for introductions. These restrictions are justified given that other, far more complex, ecological impacts of introduced species are exceedingly difficult to predict. A good example is the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis. Although this spe ...
Module 2 review questions
... shows the heads of four different species of Galapagos Islands finches. ...
... shows the heads of four different species of Galapagos Islands finches. ...
Experience influences shoal member preference in a species pair of
... et al. 2007). Limnetics are social and prefer to associate with a shoal of conspecifics over a single fish, but benthics do not (Larson 1976; Vamosi 2002). Adult benthics are often solitary and can be aggressive toward other individuals (Larson 1976). We do not know if these differences in social be ...
... et al. 2007). Limnetics are social and prefer to associate with a shoal of conspecifics over a single fish, but benthics do not (Larson 1976; Vamosi 2002). Adult benthics are often solitary and can be aggressive toward other individuals (Larson 1976). We do not know if these differences in social be ...
Changing Gears—Abiotic vs. Biotic Factors
... By the end of class today, you will be able to: distinguish the difference between biotic and abiotic factors and the role they play in environmental communities to identify the 4 mains parts of energy flow through an ecosystem ...
... By the end of class today, you will be able to: distinguish the difference between biotic and abiotic factors and the role they play in environmental communities to identify the 4 mains parts of energy flow through an ecosystem ...
interactive effects of predation and dispersal on
... predator communities can promote regional coexistence among species at lower trophic levels that cannot coexist locally (Shurin 2000b). For instance, species of amphibians, insects, and zooplankton often segregate between ponds with and without fish or salamander predators as a result of chains of i ...
... predator communities can promote regional coexistence among species at lower trophic levels that cannot coexist locally (Shurin 2000b). For instance, species of amphibians, insects, and zooplankton often segregate between ponds with and without fish or salamander predators as a result of chains of i ...
Deakin Research Online - DRO
... generalized response shapes from the literature. The occurrence of 16 species was significantly influenced by time since fire: they displayed six main responses consistent with generalized response shapes. Of these 16 species, 15 occurred more frequently in mid- or later-successional vegetation (.20 ye ...
... generalized response shapes from the literature. The occurrence of 16 species was significantly influenced by time since fire: they displayed six main responses consistent with generalized response shapes. Of these 16 species, 15 occurred more frequently in mid- or later-successional vegetation (.20 ye ...
Factors Influencing Macroinvertebrate Diversity and Community
... range of macrohabitats/niches and decreased local extinction, which result in higher species diversity (Simberloff 1976, Kiflawi et al. 2003). In contrast, habitats that have smaller area and are more isolated are known to have lower species diversity, due to a lower rate of immigration and higher r ...
... range of macrohabitats/niches and decreased local extinction, which result in higher species diversity (Simberloff 1976, Kiflawi et al. 2003). In contrast, habitats that have smaller area and are more isolated are known to have lower species diversity, due to a lower rate of immigration and higher r ...
EN EN EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM 1. CONTEXT OF THE
... Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC) require the restoration of ecological conditions and refer to the need to take IAS into consideration. Nevertheless, existing Union action leaves most IAS unaddressed. Member States are taking a number of measures to tackle IAS, but such action remain ...
... Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC) require the restoration of ecological conditions and refer to the need to take IAS into consideration. Nevertheless, existing Union action leaves most IAS unaddressed. Member States are taking a number of measures to tackle IAS, but such action remain ...
Within-population spatial synchrony in mast seeding of North American oaks
... using the 1-yr lag autocorrelation function, ACF1, calculated as: ACF1 = cov(NtNt − 1)/var(Nt) Here we were interested in the variation in masting behavior among trees. Therefore, we calculated values of ACF1 for each tree or plot average for the data-sets shown in Table 1. Values were not calculate ...
... using the 1-yr lag autocorrelation function, ACF1, calculated as: ACF1 = cov(NtNt − 1)/var(Nt) Here we were interested in the variation in masting behavior among trees. Therefore, we calculated values of ACF1 for each tree or plot average for the data-sets shown in Table 1. Values were not calculate ...
Bifrenaria
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.