Tidal Evolution of Close-In Extra-Solar Planets
... are much smaller (most e < 0.2), a characteristic widely attributed to damping by tides after the planets formed and the protoplanetary gas disk dissipated. We have integrated the classical coupled tidal evolution equations for e and a backward in time over the estimated age of each planet, and conf ...
... are much smaller (most e < 0.2), a characteristic widely attributed to damping by tides after the planets formed and the protoplanetary gas disk dissipated. We have integrated the classical coupled tidal evolution equations for e and a backward in time over the estimated age of each planet, and conf ...
Planet Hunters Education Guide
... them particularly adept at identifying faces, objects, words and sounds. Computers are now sometimes being used to identify faces, but this extremely expensive technology still only works in ideal conditions and generally fails where lighting is poor or where faces are turned to the side. Images use ...
... them particularly adept at identifying faces, objects, words and sounds. Computers are now sometimes being used to identify faces, but this extremely expensive technology still only works in ideal conditions and generally fails where lighting is poor or where faces are turned to the side. Images use ...
Lecture26_Future
... Kepler team has estimated that there are "at least 50 billion planets in the Milky Way", of which "at least 500 million" are in the habitable zone. ...
... Kepler team has estimated that there are "at least 50 billion planets in the Milky Way", of which "at least 500 million" are in the habitable zone. ...
The Formation of Planetary Systems
... gas clouds, fallen meteorites, and Earth’s Moon, as well as of the various planets observed with ground-based telescopes and planetary space probes. Ironically, studies of Earth itself do not help much, because information about our planet’s early stages eroded away long ago. Meteorites and comets p ...
... gas clouds, fallen meteorites, and Earth’s Moon, as well as of the various planets observed with ground-based telescopes and planetary space probes. Ironically, studies of Earth itself do not help much, because information about our planet’s early stages eroded away long ago. Meteorites and comets p ...
presentation in ppt - Leiden Observatory
... Invention of the telescope September 25, 1608: the lensmaker Hans Lippershey from Middelburg (the Netherlands) applies for patent for an instrument “om verre te zien” (to look into the distance). October 7, 1608: successful demonstration for the princes of Orange: Lippershey receives an order f ...
... Invention of the telescope September 25, 1608: the lensmaker Hans Lippershey from Middelburg (the Netherlands) applies for patent for an instrument “om verre te zien” (to look into the distance). October 7, 1608: successful demonstration for the princes of Orange: Lippershey receives an order f ...
On disc driven inward migration of resonantly coupled planets with
... to owe their origin to migration induced by tidal interaction with the central planet (e.g. Goldreich 1965). Recent simulations of single protoplanets in the observed mass range (Kley 1999; Bryden et al. 1999; Lubow et al. 1999) interacting with a disc with parameters thought to be typical of protop ...
... to owe their origin to migration induced by tidal interaction with the central planet (e.g. Goldreich 1965). Recent simulations of single protoplanets in the observed mass range (Kley 1999; Bryden et al. 1999; Lubow et al. 1999) interacting with a disc with parameters thought to be typical of protop ...
1 A Re-appraisal of the Habitability of Planets Around M Dwarf Stars
... classes are also numbered for abbreviation; I, II, III, IV, V runs from Supergiant to dwarf. Our own Sun is spectral type G2 and luminosity class V (or dwarf). Less massive dwarf stars are cool, such as M dwarfs. The length of time a particular star remains on the main sequence, and the rate at whic ...
... classes are also numbered for abbreviation; I, II, III, IV, V runs from Supergiant to dwarf. Our own Sun is spectral type G2 and luminosity class V (or dwarf). Less massive dwarf stars are cool, such as M dwarfs. The length of time a particular star remains on the main sequence, and the rate at whic ...
The Astrophysics of Planetary Habitability
... 6.4. Geophysical Limitations on the Habitable Zone . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5. The geodynamo during Earth’s first billion years: Implications for planetary habitability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P6.1. GAPS: Studying the architecture of planetary systems with HARPSN at TNG . . . ...
... 6.4. Geophysical Limitations on the Habitable Zone . . . . . . . . . . . 6.5. The geodynamo during Earth’s first billion years: Implications for planetary habitability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P6.1. GAPS: Studying the architecture of planetary systems with HARPSN at TNG . . . ...
Slide 1
... • TYCHO WAS BOTH AN “EXPERIMENTALIST” AND A “THEORIST” • HE MUST HAVE BEEN A VERY GOOD MACHINIST – V.E. THOREN WRITES, “Because of the number and variety of instruments made and described by Tycho, previous commentators have assumed that he made instruments for the sheer sake of keeping his instrume ...
... • TYCHO WAS BOTH AN “EXPERIMENTALIST” AND A “THEORIST” • HE MUST HAVE BEEN A VERY GOOD MACHINIST – V.E. THOREN WRITES, “Because of the number and variety of instruments made and described by Tycho, previous commentators have assumed that he made instruments for the sheer sake of keeping his instrume ...
The Habitability of Planets Orbiting M
... Observational Landscape and Demographics of M-dwarf Planets 3.1 RV Planets and the dearth of Gas Giants, metallicity effects . . 3.2 MEarth, GJ 1214b, and TRAPPIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Microlensing and Direct Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 The Kepler Sample . . . . . . . . . ...
... Observational Landscape and Demographics of M-dwarf Planets 3.1 RV Planets and the dearth of Gas Giants, metallicity effects . . 3.2 MEarth, GJ 1214b, and TRAPPIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Microlensing and Direct Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 The Kepler Sample . . . . . . . . . ...
What did we learn from transiting planets?
... • Petigura et al. 2013, ApJ, based on Kepler: “We find that 15.1^{+1.8}_{-2.7}% of solar type stars—roughly one in six—has a 1-2 R_E planet with P = 5-50 days. “ • Petigura et al. 2013, PNAS, based on Kepler: “Extrapolating, one finds 5.7^{+1.7}_{-2.2}% of Sun-like stars harbor an Earth-size planet ...
... • Petigura et al. 2013, ApJ, based on Kepler: “We find that 15.1^{+1.8}_{-2.7}% of solar type stars—roughly one in six—has a 1-2 R_E planet with P = 5-50 days. “ • Petigura et al. 2013, PNAS, based on Kepler: “Extrapolating, one finds 5.7^{+1.7}_{-2.2}% of Sun-like stars harbor an Earth-size planet ...
T
... Stars, which are spheres of hot gas, propagate very well in their interiors acoustic waves which are generated by turbulent convection near their surfaces. Frequencies and amplitudes of these acoustic waves, also called oscillation modes or pmodes, depend on the physical conditions prevailing in the ...
... Stars, which are spheres of hot gas, propagate very well in their interiors acoustic waves which are generated by turbulent convection near their surfaces. Frequencies and amplitudes of these acoustic waves, also called oscillation modes or pmodes, depend on the physical conditions prevailing in the ...
Planetary Radii Across Five Orders of Magnitude in Mass and Stellar
... To aid in the physical interpretation of planetary radii constrained through observations of transiting planets, or eventually direct detections, we compute model radii of pure hydrogen-helium, water, rock, and iron planets, along with various mixtures. Masses ranging from 0.01 Earth masses to 10 Ju ...
... To aid in the physical interpretation of planetary radii constrained through observations of transiting planets, or eventually direct detections, we compute model radii of pure hydrogen-helium, water, rock, and iron planets, along with various mixtures. Masses ranging from 0.01 Earth masses to 10 Ju ...
Exploring Solar Systems Across the Universe
... examines how scientists can find these extrasolar planets. By observing the behavior of a model star-planet system, the students come to understand that it is possible to see the effect a planet has on its parent star even if the planet cannot be seen directly. By comparing the properties of our Sol ...
... examines how scientists can find these extrasolar planets. By observing the behavior of a model star-planet system, the students come to understand that it is possible to see the effect a planet has on its parent star even if the planet cannot be seen directly. By comparing the properties of our Sol ...
allowed planetary orbits
... Hence, we pass to theories of the origin of the solar system and demonstrations of the chaotic dynamics and planetary migration, which at present lead to new theories of the origin of the solar system and exoplanets. We provide a review of the quantization on a cosmic scale and its application to de ...
... Hence, we pass to theories of the origin of the solar system and demonstrations of the chaotic dynamics and planetary migration, which at present lead to new theories of the origin of the solar system and exoplanets. We provide a review of the quantization on a cosmic scale and its application to de ...
CHAPTER 8 Survey of Solar Systems
... the same direction as the planets’ orbital motion around the Sun (again, counterclockwise, as seen from above the Earth’s North Pole), and the tilt of the rotation axes relative to the plane of planetary orbits is generally not far from the perpendicular. However, there are two exceptions: Venus and ...
... the same direction as the planets’ orbital motion around the Sun (again, counterclockwise, as seen from above the Earth’s North Pole), and the tilt of the rotation axes relative to the plane of planetary orbits is generally not far from the perpendicular. However, there are two exceptions: Venus and ...
Three newly discovered sub-Jupiter-mass planets: WASP
... HAT-Net and HAT-South makes them relatively sensitive to longer period planets (Bakos et al. 2004, 2013). For example, in the discovery of HAT-P-15b, the planet with the longest period (10.9 d) of those found by ground-based transit surveys, transits were observed asynchronously from Arizona and Haw ...
... HAT-Net and HAT-South makes them relatively sensitive to longer period planets (Bakos et al. 2004, 2013). For example, in the discovery of HAT-P-15b, the planet with the longest period (10.9 d) of those found by ground-based transit surveys, transits were observed asynchronously from Arizona and Haw ...
Weakened magnetic braking as the origin of anomalously
... Low-degree modes of oscillation probe the conditions of the deep stellar interior and internal structure of the star, providing ages that are precise to better than 10% in stars for which many oscillation modes are detected at high signal-to-noise ratios16. The first efforts to calibrate the gyrochr ...
... Low-degree modes of oscillation probe the conditions of the deep stellar interior and internal structure of the star, providing ages that are precise to better than 10% in stars for which many oscillation modes are detected at high signal-to-noise ratios16. The first efforts to calibrate the gyrochr ...
Photometry`s bright future: Detecting Solar System analogues with
... Our sun’s noise varies by a factor of ∼2 during the 11year solar cycle, from 7.8ppm (2007.77, quiet period) in 6.5hrs bins to 14.7ppm (2002.39, active period) (Gilliland et al. 2011; Fröhlich et al. 1997). This is at the quiet side of G-type stars, of which the most quiet 1% have 6ppm, with a total ...
... Our sun’s noise varies by a factor of ∼2 during the 11year solar cycle, from 7.8ppm (2007.77, quiet period) in 6.5hrs bins to 14.7ppm (2002.39, active period) (Gilliland et al. 2011; Fröhlich et al. 1997). This is at the quiet side of G-type stars, of which the most quiet 1% have 6ppm, with a total ...
Formation, Habitability, and Detection of Extrasolar Moons
... those niches on the icy moons in the Solar System be inhabited? And in particular, should not there be many more moons outside the Solar System, some of which are not only habitable beyond a frozen surface but have had globally habitable surfaces for billions of years? While science on extrasolar mo ...
... those niches on the icy moons in the Solar System be inhabited? And in particular, should not there be many more moons outside the Solar System, some of which are not only habitable beyond a frozen surface but have had globally habitable surfaces for billions of years? While science on extrasolar mo ...
Solutions to exercises
... Figure S1.1 (a) An elliptical orbit viewed from an orbital inclination of i = 90◦ ; the z-axis lies in the plane of the orbit. (b) The same orbit viewed from i = 0◦ ; the plane of the orbit coincides with the plane of the sky, and there is no component of the orbital velocity in the direction toward ...
... Figure S1.1 (a) An elliptical orbit viewed from an orbital inclination of i = 90◦ ; the z-axis lies in the plane of the orbit. (b) The same orbit viewed from i = 0◦ ; the plane of the orbit coincides with the plane of the sky, and there is no component of the orbital velocity in the direction toward ...
Extrasolar Planet Studies:The Italian Contribution
... At first instance, 3 weeks of bright GTO time (plus additional time that will be persued through GO rounds) will be used to monitor 4 densely populated star fields towards the galactic disk at low declination. Cycle time will be approximately 8.5 minutes, with 20 sec. exposures - targeting about ~20 ...
... At first instance, 3 weeks of bright GTO time (plus additional time that will be persued through GO rounds) will be used to monitor 4 densely populated star fields towards the galactic disk at low declination. Cycle time will be approximately 8.5 minutes, with 20 sec. exposures - targeting about ~20 ...
Camelopardalis-Better-Know-A-Constellation
... • Although Camelopardalis is the 18th largest constellation, (757 sq. deg. ) it is not a particularly bright constellation, as the brightest stars are only of fourth magnitude. • β Camelopardalis is the brightest star, at apparent magnitude 4.03. This star is a double star, with components of magnit ...
... • Although Camelopardalis is the 18th largest constellation, (757 sq. deg. ) it is not a particularly bright constellation, as the brightest stars are only of fourth magnitude. • β Camelopardalis is the brightest star, at apparent magnitude 4.03. This star is a double star, with components of magnit ...
Lecture 1: Introduction to exoplanetary transits
... (1) Spectral Type gives star mass and radius.! (2) Period (+ Kepler’s law) gives orbit size.! (3) Depth of transit gives planet radius.! Models of planets with masses between ~ 0.1 MJ and 10 MJ, ! have almost the same radii (i.e. a flat mass-radius relation). ! -> Giant planets transiting solar-typ ...
... (1) Spectral Type gives star mass and radius.! (2) Period (+ Kepler’s law) gives orbit size.! (3) Depth of transit gives planet radius.! Models of planets with masses between ~ 0.1 MJ and 10 MJ, ! have almost the same radii (i.e. a flat mass-radius relation). ! -> Giant planets transiting solar-typ ...
a transiting planet of a sun-like star
... A planet transits an 11th magnitude, G1 V star in the constellation Corona Borealis. We designate the planet XO-1b and the star XO-1, also known as GSC 02041-01657. XO-1 lacks a trigonometric distance; we estimate it to be 200 20 pc. Of the 10 stars currently known to host extrasolar transiting pl ...
... A planet transits an 11th magnitude, G1 V star in the constellation Corona Borealis. We designate the planet XO-1b and the star XO-1, also known as GSC 02041-01657. XO-1 lacks a trigonometric distance; we estimate it to be 200 20 pc. Of the 10 stars currently known to host extrasolar transiting pl ...
Kepler (spacecraft)
Kepler is a space observatory launched by NASA to discover Earth-like planets orbiting other stars. The spacecraft, named after the German Renaissance astronomer Johannes Kepler, was launched on March 7, 2009.Designed to survey a portion of our region of the Milky Way to discover dozens of Earth-size extrasolar planets in or near the habitable zone and estimate how many of the billions of stars in the Milky Way have such planets, Kepler's sole instrument is a photometer that continually monitors the brightness of over 145,000 main sequence stars in a fixed field of view. This data is transmitted to Earth, then analyzed to detect periodic dimming caused by extrasolar planets that cross in front of their host star.Kepler is part of NASA's Discovery Program of relatively low-cost, focused primary science missions. The telescope's construction and initial operation were managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, with Ball Aerospace responsible for developing the Kepler flight system. The Ames Research Center is responsible for the ground system development, mission operations since December 2009, and scientific data analysis. The initial planned lifetime was 3.5 years, but greater-than-expected noise in the data, from both the stars and the spacecraft, meant additional time was needed to fulfill all mission goals. Initially, in 2012, the mission was expected to last until 2016, but this would only have been possible if all remaining reaction wheels used for pointing the spacecraft remained reliable. On May 11, 2013, a second of four reaction wheels failed, disabling the collection of science data and threatening the continuation of the mission.On August 15, 2013, NASA announced that they had given up trying to fix the two failed reaction wheels. This meant the current mission needed to be modified, but it did not necessarily mean the end of planet-hunting. NASA had asked the space science community to propose alternative mission plans ""potentially including an exoplanet search, using the remaining two good reaction wheels and thrusters"". On November 18, 2013, the K2 ""Second Light"" proposal was reported. This would include utilizing the disabled Kepler in a way that could detect habitable planets around smaller, dimmer red dwarfs. On May 16, 2014, NASA announced the approval of the K2 extension.As of January 2015, Kepler and its follow-up observations had found 1,013 confirmed exoplanets in about 440 stellar systems, along with a further 3,199 unconfirmed planet candidates. Four planets have been confirmed through Kepler 's K2 mission. In November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. It is estimated that 11 billion of these planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 3.7 parsecs (12 ly) away, according to the scientists.On January 6, 2015, NASA announced the 1000th confirmed exoplanet discovered by the Kepler Space Telescope. Four of the newly confirmed exoplanets were found to orbit within habitable zones of their related stars: three of the four, Kepler-438b, Kepler-442b and Kepler-452b, are near-Earth-size and likely rocky; the fourth, Kepler-440b, is a super-Earth.