Adaptive Optics for High-Contrast Imaging
... photon noise generated by the host star by suppressing its light intensity while maintaining the one of the Exoplanet. At a spectral resolution of ~30, a 5th magnitude star provides about 1012 photons per hour in an 8-m telescope aperture. This would be just enough for a one sigma detection of a 10- ...
... photon noise generated by the host star by suppressing its light intensity while maintaining the one of the Exoplanet. At a spectral resolution of ~30, a 5th magnitude star provides about 1012 photons per hour in an 8-m telescope aperture. This would be just enough for a one sigma detection of a 10- ...
1. INTRODUCTION
... HIRES spectra. The H and K measurements are placed on the Mount Wilson ““ S ÏÏ scale by calibration with previously published results (Duncan et al. 1991 ; Baliunas et al. 1995 ; Henry et al. 1996). Based on their ““ S ÏÏ index, stars with ages less than 2 Gyr are either excluded from our sample, or ...
... HIRES spectra. The H and K measurements are placed on the Mount Wilson ““ S ÏÏ scale by calibration with previously published results (Duncan et al. 1991 ; Baliunas et al. 1995 ; Henry et al. 1996). Based on their ““ S ÏÏ index, stars with ages less than 2 Gyr are either excluded from our sample, or ...
AAS205_poster - FUSE - Johns Hopkins University
... 24 micron image are shown for reference.) This does not bode well + Further spectroscopy of Kepler’s SNR is needed to assess possible for the claim by Morgan et al. (2003) that Kepler’s SNR contains emission line contamination and improve our ability to model the ~1 solar mass of cold (T=17K) dust, ...
... 24 micron image are shown for reference.) This does not bode well + Further spectroscopy of Kepler’s SNR is needed to assess possible for the claim by Morgan et al. (2003) that Kepler’s SNR contains emission line contamination and improve our ability to model the ~1 solar mass of cold (T=17K) dust, ...
Habitable Zone Lifetimes of Exoplanets around Main Sequence Stars
... time or space, and its boundaries migrate outward at a rate proportional to the increase in luminosity of a star undergoing stellar evolution, possibly including or excluding planets over the course of the star’s main sequence lifetime. We describe the time that a planet spends within the HZ as its ...
... time or space, and its boundaries migrate outward at a rate proportional to the increase in luminosity of a star undergoing stellar evolution, possibly including or excluding planets over the course of the star’s main sequence lifetime. We describe the time that a planet spends within the HZ as its ...
A STEP - Observatoire de la Côte d`Azur
... systematic effects - green line) – The pink to red part of the diagram shows the density of Hot Jupiter planets at given transit depth and target star magnitude. These effects, combined with the unfavorable window function, severely lower the detectability of hot Jupiter transits from the ground at ...
... systematic effects - green line) – The pink to red part of the diagram shows the density of Hot Jupiter planets at given transit depth and target star magnitude. These effects, combined with the unfavorable window function, severely lower the detectability of hot Jupiter transits from the ground at ...
Constraints on Long-Period Planets from an L
... or else calculated from Simbad website spectral types and V magnitudes using Table 7.6 of Cox (2000). L′ magnitudes are similarly calculated from either V or K values. ...
... or else calculated from Simbad website spectral types and V magnitudes using Table 7.6 of Cox (2000). L′ magnitudes are similarly calculated from either V or K values. ...
The Stability of Exomoons in the Habitable Zone
... In the investigation into the habitability of extrasolar objects, the main focus has long been on exoplanets, while exomoons have only been considered properly during the last few years. A reason for this is the obvious difficulty in detecting objects that do not primarily orbit a star, but rather a ...
... In the investigation into the habitability of extrasolar objects, the main focus has long been on exoplanets, while exomoons have only been considered properly during the last few years. A reason for this is the obvious difficulty in detecting objects that do not primarily orbit a star, but rather a ...
Ben R. Oppenheimer1,2 and Sasha Hinkley1,2
... Nature provides us with the “contrast” we need to study of much of the universe. Imagine, however, attempting to study Vega when it is just 0.1 arcseconds off the limb of the Sun. Somehow one must filter the light of the Sun from that of Vega. In fact, during the famous solar eclipse of 1919, sever ...
... Nature provides us with the “contrast” we need to study of much of the universe. Imagine, however, attempting to study Vega when it is just 0.1 arcseconds off the limb of the Sun. Somehow one must filter the light of the Sun from that of Vega. In fact, during the famous solar eclipse of 1919, sever ...
EX PLANET E - Institute of Physics
... THE TRANSIT METHOD In this activity students use a lamp and polystyrene balls to model how astronomers detect exoplanets using the transit method. Apparatus and Materials (per group of 2 to 4 students) ...
... THE TRANSIT METHOD In this activity students use a lamp and polystyrene balls to model how astronomers detect exoplanets using the transit method. Apparatus and Materials (per group of 2 to 4 students) ...
Atmospheric circulations of terrestrial planets orbiting low
... The primary goal of this study is to follow up on the above previous efforts to examine habitability and atmospheric circulation of M-star planets, focusing on their sensitivities to planetary rotation period. Previous modeling studies have shown that changes in rotation period can cause substantial ...
... The primary goal of this study is to follow up on the above previous efforts to examine habitability and atmospheric circulation of M-star planets, focusing on their sensitivities to planetary rotation period. Previous modeling studies have shown that changes in rotation period can cause substantial ...
Extrasolar Planets: An Amateur`s Search
... in locating and identifying them all. Unfortunately, amateur astronomers cannot themselves identify new extrasolar planets due to the limited instrumentation available widely to the public. It is important to note that given current limitations in even the best instrumentation, no planets smaller th ...
... in locating and identifying them all. Unfortunately, amateur astronomers cannot themselves identify new extrasolar planets due to the limited instrumentation available widely to the public. It is important to note that given current limitations in even the best instrumentation, no planets smaller th ...
The Occurrence and Architecture of Exoplanetary Systems
... the planetary orbit be oriented nearly perpendicular to the sky plane, there are strong biases favoring large planets in tight orbits. In an idealized wide-field imaging survey, the effective number of stars that can be searched for transits varies as the orbital distance to the 5/2 power and the pl ...
... the planetary orbit be oriented nearly perpendicular to the sky plane, there are strong biases favoring large planets in tight orbits. In an idealized wide-field imaging survey, the effective number of stars that can be searched for transits varies as the orbital distance to the 5/2 power and the pl ...
Enhanced lithium depletion in Sun-like stars with orbiting planets.
... 451 stars in the HARPS high precision (better than 1 m/s) radial velocity exoplanet survey11 spanning the effective temperature range between 4900 and 6500 K. These are unevolved, slowly rotating non-active stars from a CORALIE catalogue11. These stars have been monitored with high precision spectro ...
... 451 stars in the HARPS high precision (better than 1 m/s) radial velocity exoplanet survey11 spanning the effective temperature range between 4900 and 6500 K. These are unevolved, slowly rotating non-active stars from a CORALIE catalogue11. These stars have been monitored with high precision spectro ...
Red Dwarf Stars: Ages, Rotation, Magnetic
... periods for the dM-star components of several WD+dM wide pairs with ages. For example, G 111-72 (age ≈ 2.5 Gyr) has been found to have a photometric rotation period of Prot = 39.86-days. These stars are plotted in Fig. 3). Several of these stars also have been approved for X-ray observations by Chan ...
... periods for the dM-star components of several WD+dM wide pairs with ages. For example, G 111-72 (age ≈ 2.5 Gyr) has been found to have a photometric rotation period of Prot = 39.86-days. These stars are plotted in Fig. 3). Several of these stars also have been approved for X-ray observations by Chan ...
Planet Discoverer Interferometer I: PD!, a potential precursor to
... optics. NGST is paying for their development. Four mirrors each of half the area of NGST now seem practicable for TPF. The TPF Science Working Group has decided to change the baseline TPF mission to be at 1AU because there are also a number of other accompanying benefits. First, the science results ...
... optics. NGST is paying for their development. Four mirrors each of half the area of NGST now seem practicable for TPF. The TPF Science Working Group has decided to change the baseline TPF mission to be at 1AU because there are also a number of other accompanying benefits. First, the science results ...
PLANETESIMALS TO BROWN DWARFS: What is a Planet?
... everything would collapse to nuclear densities (with sizes many orders of magnitude smaller than before, as in a neutron star). As one increases the mass of an object, several important transitions are reached. Perhaps the first is the mass at which gravity is able to hold together a rubble pile. It ...
... everything would collapse to nuclear densities (with sizes many orders of magnitude smaller than before, as in a neutron star). As one increases the mass of an object, several important transitions are reached. Perhaps the first is the mass at which gravity is able to hold together a rubble pile. It ...
A Bayesian method for the detection of planetary transits
... number of photon is large enough. It is basically a multiplicative process so that its variance is changing during a transit event. Nevertheless, the decrease in the number of photons is so small during an eclipse that the variance can be considered as a constant and the photons noise behaves as an ...
... number of photon is large enough. It is basically a multiplicative process so that its variance is changing during a transit event. Nevertheless, the decrease in the number of photons is so small during an eclipse that the variance can be considered as a constant and the photons noise behaves as an ...
5Cardeberg.pdf
... spectral types is clear. The interesting small-mass stars were studied by Guenther and Wuchterl (2003) using an ESO VLT and repeated radial-velocity observations of 26 stars and brown dwarfs lighter than 0.1 solar mass. For one object only, radialvelocity variations gave significant indications of a ...
... spectral types is clear. The interesting small-mass stars were studied by Guenther and Wuchterl (2003) using an ESO VLT and repeated radial-velocity observations of 26 stars and brown dwarfs lighter than 0.1 solar mass. For one object only, radialvelocity variations gave significant indications of a ...
Planetary system formation in thermally evolving viscous
... entropy/vortensity corotation torque saturation. The density within the horseshoe region has the characteristic structure for a disc that exerts a positive unsaturated corotation torque: a positive density perturbation leading the planet and a negative perturbation trailing it. The black lines delin ...
... entropy/vortensity corotation torque saturation. The density within the horseshoe region has the characteristic structure for a disc that exerts a positive unsaturated corotation torque: a positive density perturbation leading the planet and a negative perturbation trailing it. The black lines delin ...
03_Testbank - Lick Observatory
... 45) The ancient goal of astrology was to A) understand the origin of Earth. B) make a more accurate model of the universe. C) predict the passing of the seasons. D) predict human events. E) antagonize astronomers. Answer: D 46) The astrology practiced by those who cast predictive horoscopes can be ...
... 45) The ancient goal of astrology was to A) understand the origin of Earth. B) make a more accurate model of the universe. C) predict the passing of the seasons. D) predict human events. E) antagonize astronomers. Answer: D 46) The astrology practiced by those who cast predictive horoscopes can be ...
Senior thesis - University of Texas Astronomy Home Page
... As of March 2012, over 700 exoplanets have been found orbiting distant stars. The search for planets outside our solar system both helps constrain our current theories regarding solar system formation as well as raises possibilities for the evolution of alien life. Astronomers use both direct and in ...
... As of March 2012, over 700 exoplanets have been found orbiting distant stars. The search for planets outside our solar system both helps constrain our current theories regarding solar system formation as well as raises possibilities for the evolution of alien life. Astronomers use both direct and in ...
“From Planetesimals to Brown Dwarfs: What is a Planet
... to change too much the meaning of word that everyone already knows and uses. Nature, of course, does not worry about definitions. Objects are made in various contexts, with a continuum of masses, and using a number of formation mechanisms. It is humans who wish to apply labels, and to distinguish be ...
... to change too much the meaning of word that everyone already knows and uses. Nature, of course, does not worry about definitions. Objects are made in various contexts, with a continuum of masses, and using a number of formation mechanisms. It is humans who wish to apply labels, and to distinguish be ...
The Science of Astronomy 3.1 Multiple
... 35) Kepler's third law, p2 = a3, means that A) a planet's period does not depend on the eccentricity of its orbit. B) all orbits with the same semimajor axis have the same period. C) the period of a planet does not depend on its mass. D) planets that are farther from the Sun move at slower average ...
... 35) Kepler's third law, p2 = a3, means that A) a planet's period does not depend on the eccentricity of its orbit. B) all orbits with the same semimajor axis have the same period. C) the period of a planet does not depend on its mass. D) planets that are farther from the Sun move at slower average ...
PLANETS
... Earth's eccentricity is 0.017, while Jupiter's is 0.094. In our solar system, the planet with the largest eccentricity is Pluto at 0.244, and Mercury with 0.205. The planet with the lowest eccentricity is Venus with 0.007. Unless there is some gravitational tugging (such as with the Galilean Satelli ...
... Earth's eccentricity is 0.017, while Jupiter's is 0.094. In our solar system, the planet with the largest eccentricity is Pluto at 0.244, and Mercury with 0.205. The planet with the lowest eccentricity is Venus with 0.007. Unless there is some gravitational tugging (such as with the Galilean Satelli ...
MEarth
... of the transit survey. We envision an adaptively scheduled transit search, wherein the observing sequence is updated as the images are gathered and analyzed. We consider a design in which transits are identified while in progress by the automated reduction software. The subsequent alert triggers oth ...
... of the transit survey. We envision an adaptively scheduled transit search, wherein the observing sequence is updated as the images are gathered and analyzed. We consider a design in which transits are identified while in progress by the automated reduction software. The subsequent alert triggers oth ...
Kepler (spacecraft)
Kepler is a space observatory launched by NASA to discover Earth-like planets orbiting other stars. The spacecraft, named after the German Renaissance astronomer Johannes Kepler, was launched on March 7, 2009.Designed to survey a portion of our region of the Milky Way to discover dozens of Earth-size extrasolar planets in or near the habitable zone and estimate how many of the billions of stars in the Milky Way have such planets, Kepler's sole instrument is a photometer that continually monitors the brightness of over 145,000 main sequence stars in a fixed field of view. This data is transmitted to Earth, then analyzed to detect periodic dimming caused by extrasolar planets that cross in front of their host star.Kepler is part of NASA's Discovery Program of relatively low-cost, focused primary science missions. The telescope's construction and initial operation were managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, with Ball Aerospace responsible for developing the Kepler flight system. The Ames Research Center is responsible for the ground system development, mission operations since December 2009, and scientific data analysis. The initial planned lifetime was 3.5 years, but greater-than-expected noise in the data, from both the stars and the spacecraft, meant additional time was needed to fulfill all mission goals. Initially, in 2012, the mission was expected to last until 2016, but this would only have been possible if all remaining reaction wheels used for pointing the spacecraft remained reliable. On May 11, 2013, a second of four reaction wheels failed, disabling the collection of science data and threatening the continuation of the mission.On August 15, 2013, NASA announced that they had given up trying to fix the two failed reaction wheels. This meant the current mission needed to be modified, but it did not necessarily mean the end of planet-hunting. NASA had asked the space science community to propose alternative mission plans ""potentially including an exoplanet search, using the remaining two good reaction wheels and thrusters"". On November 18, 2013, the K2 ""Second Light"" proposal was reported. This would include utilizing the disabled Kepler in a way that could detect habitable planets around smaller, dimmer red dwarfs. On May 16, 2014, NASA announced the approval of the K2 extension.As of January 2015, Kepler and its follow-up observations had found 1,013 confirmed exoplanets in about 440 stellar systems, along with a further 3,199 unconfirmed planet candidates. Four planets have been confirmed through Kepler 's K2 mission. In November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. It is estimated that 11 billion of these planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 3.7 parsecs (12 ly) away, according to the scientists.On January 6, 2015, NASA announced the 1000th confirmed exoplanet discovered by the Kepler Space Telescope. Four of the newly confirmed exoplanets were found to orbit within habitable zones of their related stars: three of the four, Kepler-438b, Kepler-442b and Kepler-452b, are near-Earth-size and likely rocky; the fourth, Kepler-440b, is a super-Earth.