Section 1
... observations were made without using a telescope. Telescopes had not yet been invented! Kepler’s Calculations Tycho Brahe died in 1601. His assistant, Johannes Kepler, went to work analyzing the observations. Kepler began by trying to figure out the shape of Mars’s orbit. At first, he assumed that t ...
... observations were made without using a telescope. Telescopes had not yet been invented! Kepler’s Calculations Tycho Brahe died in 1601. His assistant, Johannes Kepler, went to work analyzing the observations. Kepler began by trying to figure out the shape of Mars’s orbit. At first, he assumed that t ...
Unit 2 Section 1
... observations were made without using a telescope. Telescopes had not yet been invented! Kepler’s Calculations Tycho Brahe died in 1601. His assistant, Johannes Kepler, went to work analyzing the observations. Kepler began by trying to figure out the shape of Mars’s orbit. At first, he assumed that t ...
... observations were made without using a telescope. Telescopes had not yet been invented! Kepler’s Calculations Tycho Brahe died in 1601. His assistant, Johannes Kepler, went to work analyzing the observations. Kepler began by trying to figure out the shape of Mars’s orbit. At first, he assumed that t ...
Star Classification and its Connection to Exoplanets.
... located 464 extrasolar planets (exoplanet.eu). So, how do astronomers locate these planets? Although the methods may not seem easy or simple, many amateur astronomers could pick up a good telescope, study a particular star, and find the presence of an exoplanet. The three main methods utilized are r ...
... located 464 extrasolar planets (exoplanet.eu). So, how do astronomers locate these planets? Although the methods may not seem easy or simple, many amateur astronomers could pick up a good telescope, study a particular star, and find the presence of an exoplanet. The three main methods utilized are r ...
Age aspects of habitability - Cambridge University Press
... Abstract: A ‘habitable zone’ of a star is defined as a range of orbits within which a rocky planet can support liquid water on its surface. The most intriguing question driving the search for habitable planets is whether they host life. But is the age of the planet important for its habitability? If ...
... Abstract: A ‘habitable zone’ of a star is defined as a range of orbits within which a rocky planet can support liquid water on its surface. The most intriguing question driving the search for habitable planets is whether they host life. But is the age of the planet important for its habitability? If ...
Can Earth-Type Habitable Planets Exist Around 47 UMa?
... Earth are considerable sinks and sources for carbon. In addition, the tectonic activity and the continental area change noticeably. Therefore, we favor the so-called geodynamical models (GDM) that take into account both the growth of continental area and the decline in the spreading rate (Franck et ...
... Earth are considerable sinks and sources for carbon. In addition, the tectonic activity and the continental area change noticeably. Therefore, we favor the so-called geodynamical models (GDM) that take into account both the growth of continental area and the decline in the spreading rate (Franck et ...
View PDF - Sara Seager
... and other long-standing questions high surface temperatures (>700 K), whereas Earth has the right surin the search for life beyond our solar system may finally be in face temperature for liquid water oceans and is teeming with life. reach through the observation and ...
... and other long-standing questions high surface temperatures (>700 K), whereas Earth has the right surin the search for life beyond our solar system may finally be in face temperature for liquid water oceans and is teeming with life. reach through the observation and ...
Asteroseismology of Kepler ZZ Ceti Stars with Fully Evolutionary
... Recently the Kepler spacecraft observed ZZ Ceti stars giving the opportunity to study their variability for long baselines. We present a study of pulsational properties of two ZZ Ceti stars observed with the Kepler spacecraft: GD 1212 and SDSS J113655.17+040952.6, based on a grid of full evolutionar ...
... Recently the Kepler spacecraft observed ZZ Ceti stars giving the opportunity to study their variability for long baselines. We present a study of pulsational properties of two ZZ Ceti stars observed with the Kepler spacecraft: GD 1212 and SDSS J113655.17+040952.6, based on a grid of full evolutionar ...
Powerpoint presentation, Created by Debra Shepherd, NRAO, 2002
... of gas & dust. Disks regulate accretion onto the star & act as a launching point for the outflow. Planets form later from the remnants of the disk (debris disk). Planets have been detected around “solar-type” stars but we have not imaged a planet yet. Current detection methods are limited to finding ...
... of gas & dust. Disks regulate accretion onto the star & act as a launching point for the outflow. Planets form later from the remnants of the disk (debris disk). Planets have been detected around “solar-type” stars but we have not imaged a planet yet. Current detection methods are limited to finding ...
Accretion Disks around Stars and the Process of Planet Formation
... of gas & dust. Disks regulate accretion onto the star & act as a launching point for the outflow. Planets form later from the remnants of the disk (debris disk). Planets have been detected around “solar-type” stars but we have not imaged a planet yet. Current detection methods are limited to finding ...
... of gas & dust. Disks regulate accretion onto the star & act as a launching point for the outflow. Planets form later from the remnants of the disk (debris disk). Planets have been detected around “solar-type” stars but we have not imaged a planet yet. Current detection methods are limited to finding ...
Disks around new stars and planet formation
... of gas & dust. Disks regulate accretion onto the star & act as a launching point for the outflow. Planets form later from the remnants of the disk (debris disk). Planets have been detected around “solar-type” stars but we have not imaged a planet yet. Current detection methods are limited to finding ...
... of gas & dust. Disks regulate accretion onto the star & act as a launching point for the outflow. Planets form later from the remnants of the disk (debris disk). Planets have been detected around “solar-type” stars but we have not imaged a planet yet. Current detection methods are limited to finding ...
Basics of Atmospheres and their Formation
... • Inner planets – formed by rocky material inside “frost line” • Outer planets – formed by hydrogen compound ices as “seeds”, and since H is most of the proto-solar system’s material, these planets are large • Beyond, is Kuiper Belt of 10’s of thousands of ice worlds a few hundred miles across or le ...
... • Inner planets – formed by rocky material inside “frost line” • Outer planets – formed by hydrogen compound ices as “seeds”, and since H is most of the proto-solar system’s material, these planets are large • Beyond, is Kuiper Belt of 10’s of thousands of ice worlds a few hundred miles across or le ...
CH10.AST1001.F16.EDS
... • A Sun-like star is about a billion times brighter than the light reflected from its planets. • Planets are close to their stars, relative to the distance from us to the star. – This is like being in San Francisco and trying to see a pinhead 15 meters from a grapefruit in Washington, D.C. ...
... • A Sun-like star is about a billion times brighter than the light reflected from its planets. • Planets are close to their stars, relative to the distance from us to the star. – This is like being in San Francisco and trying to see a pinhead 15 meters from a grapefruit in Washington, D.C. ...
Kepler Mission
... partly caused by its closeness to Kepler 2 which has a photospheric temperature of 6350 Kelvin, a temperature greater than our own Sun. Kepler 2 is larger than the Sun (1.991 solar radii) and more massive (1.52 solar masses) too.3 After these first two observations of stellar systems within our Milk ...
... partly caused by its closeness to Kepler 2 which has a photospheric temperature of 6350 Kelvin, a temperature greater than our own Sun. Kepler 2 is larger than the Sun (1.991 solar radii) and more massive (1.52 solar masses) too.3 After these first two observations of stellar systems within our Milk ...
SPECIAL REPORT
... Can the cores of giant planets erode over time? If so, then core masses will lose much of their importance in discriminating between formation scenarios. Saturn appears to have a core mass of 15 to 20 Earths. Why didn’t Saturn’s core erode? And why, with its larger core, didn’t Saturn become the sol ...
... Can the cores of giant planets erode over time? If so, then core masses will lose much of their importance in discriminating between formation scenarios. Saturn appears to have a core mass of 15 to 20 Earths. Why didn’t Saturn’s core erode? And why, with its larger core, didn’t Saturn become the sol ...
Temperate Earth-sized planets transiting a nearby ultracool dwarf star
... (b) and TRAPPIST-1d (c). The best-fit transit models, as derived from a global analysis of the data, are overplotted (red lines). The light curves are shifted along the y axis for the sake of clarity. For the HCT/Hanle faint object spectrograph camera (HFOSC) light curve, the data are unbinned and t ...
... (b) and TRAPPIST-1d (c). The best-fit transit models, as derived from a global analysis of the data, are overplotted (red lines). The light curves are shifted along the y axis for the sake of clarity. For the HCT/Hanle faint object spectrograph camera (HFOSC) light curve, the data are unbinned and t ...
How to Directly Image a Habitable Planet Around Alpha Centauri
... affect the terrestrial planet forming region (<~ 4 AU) around each star. So far all of the planets found in close binaries (~20 AU separation like Cen AB) are giant planets like Jupiter except for the possible Earth-mass planet announced around Cen B [13] in a very close 3.2 day orbit The number ...
... affect the terrestrial planet forming region (<~ 4 AU) around each star. So far all of the planets found in close binaries (~20 AU separation like Cen AB) are giant planets like Jupiter except for the possible Earth-mass planet announced around Cen B [13] in a very close 3.2 day orbit The number ...
Issue #87 of Lunar and Planetary Information Bulletin
... low-mass companions around other stars would seem to be the concrete evidence they have been waiting for. But do the observational data as collected so far truly point to extrasolar planets as the most probable culprit? Or are these “unseen” objects in fact low-mass brown dwarfs or some other, as-ye ...
... low-mass companions around other stars would seem to be the concrete evidence they have been waiting for. But do the observational data as collected so far truly point to extrasolar planets as the most probable culprit? Or are these “unseen” objects in fact low-mass brown dwarfs or some other, as-ye ...
latest Edition - ExoPlanet News
... Context. Tentative correlations between the presence of dusty circumstellar debris discs and low-mass planets have been recently presented. In parallel, detailed chemical abundance studies have reported different trends between samples of planet and non-planet hosts. Whether these chemical differenc ...
... Context. Tentative correlations between the presence of dusty circumstellar debris discs and low-mass planets have been recently presented. In parallel, detailed chemical abundance studies have reported different trends between samples of planet and non-planet hosts. Whether these chemical differenc ...
Outline of Lecture on Copernican Revolution: 1. Source of word
... a year before Tycho’s death, to analyze his data, so that he should not have worked in vain. ...
... a year before Tycho’s death, to analyze his data, so that he should not have worked in vain. ...
Light and shadow from distant worlds
... giant planets (Fig. 3) shows that several hot Jupiters have radii significantly greater than predicted12. Although a reduced size of the heavy element core in a giant planet allows a larger radius, this is not enough to explain the inflated radii of some giant planets, as shown in Fig. 3. Some proce ...
... giant planets (Fig. 3) shows that several hot Jupiters have radii significantly greater than predicted12. Although a reduced size of the heavy element core in a giant planet allows a larger radius, this is not enough to explain the inflated radii of some giant planets, as shown in Fig. 3. Some proce ...
Astro110-01 Lecture 7 The Copernican Revolution
... Stellar parallax is the difference in direction of a celestial object as seen by an observer from two widely separated points. • The measurement of parallax is used directly to find the distance of the body from the Earth (geocentric parallax) and from the Sun (heliocentric parallax). • The two posi ...
... Stellar parallax is the difference in direction of a celestial object as seen by an observer from two widely separated points. • The measurement of parallax is used directly to find the distance of the body from the Earth (geocentric parallax) and from the Sun (heliocentric parallax). • The two posi ...
Habitable Planets Webquest
... 3. The region where the temperature is “just right” is called : _____________________________________________ 4. Which planet(s) are in the habitable zone of our Sun? Could these planets harbor life? 5. Is the Moon in the habitable zone? Does the Moon have liquid water on its surface? Why or why not ...
... 3. The region where the temperature is “just right” is called : _____________________________________________ 4. Which planet(s) are in the habitable zone of our Sun? Could these planets harbor life? 5. Is the Moon in the habitable zone? Does the Moon have liquid water on its surface? Why or why not ...
Earth moves faster in its orbit.
... Stars don’t seem to show any parallax. We don’t feel as though Earth moves. Objects fall toward Earth, not the Sun. We don’t see an enormous wind. All of the above were valid reasons. ...
... Stars don’t seem to show any parallax. We don’t feel as though Earth moves. Objects fall toward Earth, not the Sun. We don’t see an enormous wind. All of the above were valid reasons. ...
A Triple Conjunction
... millennium BC, however, no less than 7 triple conjunctions also took place – one every 140 years, on average – although the interval varied from 40 years (as between 861 and 821 BC and again between 563 and 523 BC) to 377 years (as between 523 BC and 146 BC). Over the millennium there were 43 “norma ...
... millennium BC, however, no less than 7 triple conjunctions also took place – one every 140 years, on average – although the interval varied from 40 years (as between 861 and 821 BC and again between 563 and 523 BC) to 377 years (as between 523 BC and 146 BC). Over the millennium there were 43 “norma ...
The GAIA astrometric survey of extra
... range 0.1 ≤ MJ ≤ 5, orbiting 1-M⊙ stars with periods up to twice the mission duration, and placing the systems at increasing distances from our Sun. We parameterized our results in terms of the astrometric signal-to-noise ratio α/σψ between the astrometric signature α and the single measurement erro ...
... range 0.1 ≤ MJ ≤ 5, orbiting 1-M⊙ stars with periods up to twice the mission duration, and placing the systems at increasing distances from our Sun. We parameterized our results in terms of the astrometric signal-to-noise ratio α/σψ between the astrometric signature α and the single measurement erro ...
Kepler (spacecraft)
Kepler is a space observatory launched by NASA to discover Earth-like planets orbiting other stars. The spacecraft, named after the German Renaissance astronomer Johannes Kepler, was launched on March 7, 2009.Designed to survey a portion of our region of the Milky Way to discover dozens of Earth-size extrasolar planets in or near the habitable zone and estimate how many of the billions of stars in the Milky Way have such planets, Kepler's sole instrument is a photometer that continually monitors the brightness of over 145,000 main sequence stars in a fixed field of view. This data is transmitted to Earth, then analyzed to detect periodic dimming caused by extrasolar planets that cross in front of their host star.Kepler is part of NASA's Discovery Program of relatively low-cost, focused primary science missions. The telescope's construction and initial operation were managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, with Ball Aerospace responsible for developing the Kepler flight system. The Ames Research Center is responsible for the ground system development, mission operations since December 2009, and scientific data analysis. The initial planned lifetime was 3.5 years, but greater-than-expected noise in the data, from both the stars and the spacecraft, meant additional time was needed to fulfill all mission goals. Initially, in 2012, the mission was expected to last until 2016, but this would only have been possible if all remaining reaction wheels used for pointing the spacecraft remained reliable. On May 11, 2013, a second of four reaction wheels failed, disabling the collection of science data and threatening the continuation of the mission.On August 15, 2013, NASA announced that they had given up trying to fix the two failed reaction wheels. This meant the current mission needed to be modified, but it did not necessarily mean the end of planet-hunting. NASA had asked the space science community to propose alternative mission plans ""potentially including an exoplanet search, using the remaining two good reaction wheels and thrusters"". On November 18, 2013, the K2 ""Second Light"" proposal was reported. This would include utilizing the disabled Kepler in a way that could detect habitable planets around smaller, dimmer red dwarfs. On May 16, 2014, NASA announced the approval of the K2 extension.As of January 2015, Kepler and its follow-up observations had found 1,013 confirmed exoplanets in about 440 stellar systems, along with a further 3,199 unconfirmed planet candidates. Four planets have been confirmed through Kepler 's K2 mission. In November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. It is estimated that 11 billion of these planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 3.7 parsecs (12 ly) away, according to the scientists.On January 6, 2015, NASA announced the 1000th confirmed exoplanet discovered by the Kepler Space Telescope. Four of the newly confirmed exoplanets were found to orbit within habitable zones of their related stars: three of the four, Kepler-438b, Kepler-442b and Kepler-452b, are near-Earth-size and likely rocky; the fourth, Kepler-440b, is a super-Earth.