Life in the galactic danger zone
... in the journal Science. “The massive planets could not have formed so close to their host stars so they must have migrated [or been scattered] into smaller orbits. When this happens, it is likely that they would destroy any terrestrial planets in the circumstellar habitable zone.” Consequently, Line ...
... in the journal Science. “The massive planets could not have formed so close to their host stars so they must have migrated [or been scattered] into smaller orbits. When this happens, it is likely that they would destroy any terrestrial planets in the circumstellar habitable zone.” Consequently, Line ...
New Worlds Ahead: The Discovery of Exoplanets
... gas giant planets like Jupiter (318 Earth masses, or M⊕ ) and Saturn (95 M⊕ ) are located further away (5 and 10 AU), and finally the icy giants Uranus and Neptune, located even further (20 and 30 AU), are much less massive (14 M⊕ and 17 M⊕ ). Pluto does not fit well in this picture, but in fact it ...
... gas giant planets like Jupiter (318 Earth masses, or M⊕ ) and Saturn (95 M⊕ ) are located further away (5 and 10 AU), and finally the icy giants Uranus and Neptune, located even further (20 and 30 AU), are much less massive (14 M⊕ and 17 M⊕ ). Pluto does not fit well in this picture, but in fact it ...
Chapter 2 Astronomy Notes
... As the years passed and the number of KBOs and similar “trans-Neptunian objects” (TNOs) discovered increased, astronomers found more and more bodies that approached Pluto in size. Many began to question the continued inclusion of Pluto as a planet. If Pluto was a planet, it seemed inevitable that a ...
... As the years passed and the number of KBOs and similar “trans-Neptunian objects” (TNOs) discovered increased, astronomers found more and more bodies that approached Pluto in size. Many began to question the continued inclusion of Pluto as a planet. If Pluto was a planet, it seemed inevitable that a ...
Advances in exoplanet science from Kepler
... which multiple transiting planets have been found. As discussed below, the large abundance of such systems implies that flat systems containing multiple planets on closely spaced orbits are quite common. This finding supports models of planet formation within a disc of material orbiting a star that ...
... which multiple transiting planets have been found. As discussed below, the large abundance of such systems implies that flat systems containing multiple planets on closely spaced orbits are quite common. This finding supports models of planet formation within a disc of material orbiting a star that ...
New Worlds on the Horizon: Earth-Sized Planets Close to Other
... because it is too small to have prevented its atmosphere from escaping, or to maintain the volcanic activity to replenish it. Theory provides some guidance for our expectations: Planets that formed close to their host stars are less likely to have water because the primordial disks of gas and dust a ...
... because it is too small to have prevented its atmosphere from escaping, or to maintain the volcanic activity to replenish it. Theory provides some guidance for our expectations: Planets that formed close to their host stars are less likely to have water because the primordial disks of gas and dust a ...
Transits of extrasolar moons around luminous giant planets
... with stellar illumination over hundreds of Myr in extreme, yet plausible, cases. (3) and (4) usually contribute ≪ 1 W m−2 at the surface even in very early stages. Earth’s globally averaged internal heat flux, for example, is 86 mW m−2 (Zahnle et al. 2007), which is mostly fed by radiogenic decay in ...
... with stellar illumination over hundreds of Myr in extreme, yet plausible, cases. (3) and (4) usually contribute ≪ 1 W m−2 at the surface even in very early stages. Earth’s globally averaged internal heat flux, for example, is 86 mW m−2 (Zahnle et al. 2007), which is mostly fed by radiogenic decay in ...
Seeing another Earth: Detecting and Characterizing Rocky Planets
... current surveys are incomplete, at least 5% to 10% of solar-type stars have debris from the formation of Mars-mass or Earth-mass planets. These results suggest that we will eventually find a planetary system similar to our own. Today, exoplanet research is in the midst of a transition from discovery ...
... current surveys are incomplete, at least 5% to 10% of solar-type stars have debris from the formation of Mars-mass or Earth-mass planets. These results suggest that we will eventually find a planetary system similar to our own. Today, exoplanet research is in the midst of a transition from discovery ...
Event Booklet - Exoplanets I Conference
... for these nearby, potentially habitable worlds by obtaining near-infrared spectra with IRTF/SpeX and Palomar/TripleSpec to characterize the population of K2 planet candidates orbiting low-mass stars. Many K2 targets are poorly characterized, so follow-up observations are crucial for identifying fals ...
... for these nearby, potentially habitable worlds by obtaining near-infrared spectra with IRTF/SpeX and Palomar/TripleSpec to characterize the population of K2 planet candidates orbiting low-mass stars. Many K2 targets are poorly characterized, so follow-up observations are crucial for identifying fals ...
New Worlds on the Horizon: Earth-Sized Planets Close to Other Stars.
... planetesimals (which may result in disruption rather than accretion) and that current computing power can simulate the dynamics of only a meager number of planetesimals (no more than 105) compared with reality (1012). Furthermore, closein planets may undergo further orbital evolution because of tide ...
... planetesimals (which may result in disruption rather than accretion) and that current computing power can simulate the dynamics of only a meager number of planetesimals (no more than 105) compared with reality (1012). Furthermore, closein planets may undergo further orbital evolution because of tide ...
Powerpoint file
... 3. Continous temporal coverage → if a stars shows a transit you will find it! In short: the light curves are of better quality, have better temporal coverage so you can find smaller transits and transits in long period orbits ...
... 3. Continous temporal coverage → if a stars shows a transit you will find it! In short: the light curves are of better quality, have better temporal coverage so you can find smaller transits and transits in long period orbits ...
DAY AND NIGHT, SEASONS
... slowly round the star. Make sure that the axis is always tilted in the same direction (for example, towards the window). Discuss when the planet will experience summer in the northern hemisphere and when it will experience winter. ...
... slowly round the star. Make sure that the axis is always tilted in the same direction (for example, towards the window). Discuss when the planet will experience summer in the northern hemisphere and when it will experience winter. ...
Planets around Other Stars - Sierra College Astronomy Home Page
... The period between transits (3.5 days) exactly matched what was derived with the Doppler method. The mass, radius (and therefore volume) were derived allowing us to calculate a density. This density was consistent with a Jovian planet. Atmospheric information could be derived too. © Sierra College A ...
... The period between transits (3.5 days) exactly matched what was derived with the Doppler method. The mass, radius (and therefore volume) were derived allowing us to calculate a density. This density was consistent with a Jovian planet. Atmospheric information could be derived too. © Sierra College A ...
paper
... (iv) the stellar density (assuming the orbital period is known). This last quantity can be used with other measured stellar quantities to deduce, via stellar model ling, the mass of the star, which leads finally to the stellar and planet radii (Gillon et al., 2007; 2009). So far, we have gathered ...
... (iv) the stellar density (assuming the orbital period is known). This last quantity can be used with other measured stellar quantities to deduce, via stellar model ling, the mass of the star, which leads finally to the stellar and planet radii (Gillon et al., 2007; 2009). So far, we have gathered ...
TRAPPIST: TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope
... (iv) the stellar density (assuming the orbital period is known). This last quantity can be used with other measured stellar quantities to deduce, via stellar model ling, the mass of the star, which leads finally to the stellar and planet radii (Gillon et al., 2007; 2009). So far, we have gathered ...
... (iv) the stellar density (assuming the orbital period is known). This last quantity can be used with other measured stellar quantities to deduce, via stellar model ling, the mass of the star, which leads finally to the stellar and planet radii (Gillon et al., 2007; 2009). So far, we have gathered ...
Flagship imaging SAG report
... Objective 10: In dusty systems, detect and measure substructures within dusty debris that can be used to infer the presence of unseen planets. Objective 11: Understand the time evolution of circumstellar disk properties around a wider star sample at greater distances, from early protoplanetary stag ...
... Objective 10: In dusty systems, detect and measure substructures within dusty debris that can be used to infer the presence of unseen planets. Objective 11: Understand the time evolution of circumstellar disk properties around a wider star sample at greater distances, from early protoplanetary stag ...
Are planetary systems flat?
... – it is astonishing to see all the planets move around the Sun from west to east, and almost in the same plane; all the satellites move around their planets in the same direction and nearly in the same plane as the planets; finally, the Sun, the planets, and all the satellites that have been observe ...
... – it is astonishing to see all the planets move around the Sun from west to east, and almost in the same plane; all the satellites move around their planets in the same direction and nearly in the same plane as the planets; finally, the Sun, the planets, and all the satellites that have been observe ...
A DEDICATED M DWARF PLANET SEARCH USING THE HOBBY
... We present the first results from our planet-search program using the 9.2 m Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) at McDonald Observatory to detect planets around M-type dwarf stars by means of high-precision radial velocity (RV) measurements. Although more than 100 extrasolar planets have been found around s ...
... We present the first results from our planet-search program using the 9.2 m Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) at McDonald Observatory to detect planets around M-type dwarf stars by means of high-precision radial velocity (RV) measurements. Although more than 100 extrasolar planets have been found around s ...
The Search for Extrasolar Planets
... iodine-cell spectrographs6, and the Geneva group, using fibre-fed spectrographs7. Those two methods were the major independent technological breakthroughs that enabled precise radial velocities to be measured. Currently, the two techniques of radial-velocity and photometric-transit measurements (see ...
... iodine-cell spectrographs6, and the Geneva group, using fibre-fed spectrographs7. Those two methods were the major independent technological breakthroughs that enabled precise radial velocities to be measured. Currently, the two techniques of radial-velocity and photometric-transit measurements (see ...
The Cosmic Perspective Other Planetary Systems: The New Science
... Why are most extrasolar planetary systems so different than ours? a) There is a large diversity of planetary systems predicted by the nebular theory, and we would not expect any two to be similar. b) It is easier to detect planets that are massive and close to their stars, and harder to detect sys ...
... Why are most extrasolar planetary systems so different than ours? a) There is a large diversity of planetary systems predicted by the nebular theory, and we would not expect any two to be similar. b) It is easier to detect planets that are massive and close to their stars, and harder to detect sys ...
History
... Bode’s Rule (1851). Its orbit was between Mars and Jupiter. – Named it Ceres. – Many others were discovered (110 by 1900), and the “missing planets” formed a ring of “minor planets”. – Now over 650,000 minor planets. ...
... Bode’s Rule (1851). Its orbit was between Mars and Jupiter. – Named it Ceres. – Many others were discovered (110 by 1900), and the “missing planets” formed a ring of “minor planets”. – Now over 650,000 minor planets. ...
5a: So, what was wrong with Ptolemy`s model to a contemporary
... sun is clearly influenced by Copernicus’ ideas, but in this model of Tycho’s the earth does not move. Tycho believed that the earth was stationary because he could not observe any parallax of any star. ...
... sun is clearly influenced by Copernicus’ ideas, but in this model of Tycho’s the earth does not move. Tycho believed that the earth was stationary because he could not observe any parallax of any star. ...
Planets and Transits
... Sydney times: First contact 08:16 Second contact 08:34 Mid-transit 11:30 Third contact 14:26 Fourth contact 14:44 ...
... Sydney times: First contact 08:16 Second contact 08:34 Mid-transit 11:30 Third contact 14:26 Fourth contact 14:44 ...
Chapter10- Other Planetary Systems -pptx
... • A Sun-like star is about a billion times brighter than the light reflected from its planets. • Planets are close to their stars, relative to the distance from us to the star. – This is like being in San Francisco and trying to see a pinhead 15 meters from a grapefruit in Washington, D.C. ...
... • A Sun-like star is about a billion times brighter than the light reflected from its planets. • Planets are close to their stars, relative to the distance from us to the star. – This is like being in San Francisco and trying to see a pinhead 15 meters from a grapefruit in Washington, D.C. ...
From Dust to Planets - International Space Science Institute
... years later, over 50 such giant planets have been found (Figure 1). implying that at least 3–5% of all sun-like stars have giant planets. Since this represents only the fraction of stars having planets that could be detected with current instruments, we must conclude that planet formation is not an ...
... years later, over 50 such giant planets have been found (Figure 1). implying that at least 3–5% of all sun-like stars have giant planets. Since this represents only the fraction of stars having planets that could be detected with current instruments, we must conclude that planet formation is not an ...
Water ice lines around super-Jovian planets and Implications for
... Saturn-sized exoplanet with moon transiting a 0.57 R⨀ star ...
... Saturn-sized exoplanet with moon transiting a 0.57 R⨀ star ...
Kepler (spacecraft)
Kepler is a space observatory launched by NASA to discover Earth-like planets orbiting other stars. The spacecraft, named after the German Renaissance astronomer Johannes Kepler, was launched on March 7, 2009.Designed to survey a portion of our region of the Milky Way to discover dozens of Earth-size extrasolar planets in or near the habitable zone and estimate how many of the billions of stars in the Milky Way have such planets, Kepler's sole instrument is a photometer that continually monitors the brightness of over 145,000 main sequence stars in a fixed field of view. This data is transmitted to Earth, then analyzed to detect periodic dimming caused by extrasolar planets that cross in front of their host star.Kepler is part of NASA's Discovery Program of relatively low-cost, focused primary science missions. The telescope's construction and initial operation were managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, with Ball Aerospace responsible for developing the Kepler flight system. The Ames Research Center is responsible for the ground system development, mission operations since December 2009, and scientific data analysis. The initial planned lifetime was 3.5 years, but greater-than-expected noise in the data, from both the stars and the spacecraft, meant additional time was needed to fulfill all mission goals. Initially, in 2012, the mission was expected to last until 2016, but this would only have been possible if all remaining reaction wheels used for pointing the spacecraft remained reliable. On May 11, 2013, a second of four reaction wheels failed, disabling the collection of science data and threatening the continuation of the mission.On August 15, 2013, NASA announced that they had given up trying to fix the two failed reaction wheels. This meant the current mission needed to be modified, but it did not necessarily mean the end of planet-hunting. NASA had asked the space science community to propose alternative mission plans ""potentially including an exoplanet search, using the remaining two good reaction wheels and thrusters"". On November 18, 2013, the K2 ""Second Light"" proposal was reported. This would include utilizing the disabled Kepler in a way that could detect habitable planets around smaller, dimmer red dwarfs. On May 16, 2014, NASA announced the approval of the K2 extension.As of January 2015, Kepler and its follow-up observations had found 1,013 confirmed exoplanets in about 440 stellar systems, along with a further 3,199 unconfirmed planet candidates. Four planets have been confirmed through Kepler 's K2 mission. In November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. It is estimated that 11 billion of these planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 3.7 parsecs (12 ly) away, according to the scientists.On January 6, 2015, NASA announced the 1000th confirmed exoplanet discovered by the Kepler Space Telescope. Four of the newly confirmed exoplanets were found to orbit within habitable zones of their related stars: three of the four, Kepler-438b, Kepler-442b and Kepler-452b, are near-Earth-size and likely rocky; the fourth, Kepler-440b, is a super-Earth.