PLANETS
... solar system. Only a minority of the nearby stars are so young. Even for them, planets— and particularly those in the terrestrial planet/asteroidal region—are faint and are lost in the glare of their central stars. However, when bodies in this zone collide, they initiate cascades of further collisio ...
... solar system. Only a minority of the nearby stars are so young. Even for them, planets— and particularly those in the terrestrial planet/asteroidal region—are faint and are lost in the glare of their central stars. However, when bodies in this zone collide, they initiate cascades of further collisio ...
Event Booklet - Exoplanets I Conference
... LITE effect, reflecting the reflex motion of KOI-760, induced by a massive brown dwarf or a small M star at an orbit of 2 AUs. IF confirmed, this is probably the first time such a companion to a star with hot Jupiter is detected at a distance of 2 AU. Such a system might question the appropriateness ...
... LITE effect, reflecting the reflex motion of KOI-760, induced by a massive brown dwarf or a small M star at an orbit of 2 AUs. IF confirmed, this is probably the first time such a companion to a star with hot Jupiter is detected at a distance of 2 AU. Such a system might question the appropriateness ...
Title: Abiotic Ozone and Oxygen in Atmospheres Similar to Prebiotic
... dynamic equilibrium is not the same thing as chemical equilibrium due to the energy input from stars, but instead represents a steady-state atmospheric composition. The one thing that can change the redox balance of an Earth-mass planet is hydrogen escape to space, which can irreversibly change the ...
... dynamic equilibrium is not the same thing as chemical equilibrium due to the energy input from stars, but instead represents a steady-state atmospheric composition. The one thing that can change the redox balance of an Earth-mass planet is hydrogen escape to space, which can irreversibly change the ...
Terrestrial Planets
... Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. According to Einstein, when the light emanating from a star passes very close to another star on its way to an observer on Earth, the gravity of the intermediary star will slightly bend the light rays from the source star, causing the two stars to appear fart ...
... Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. According to Einstein, when the light emanating from a star passes very close to another star on its way to an observer on Earth, the gravity of the intermediary star will slightly bend the light rays from the source star, causing the two stars to appear fart ...
What is a planet? - X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group
... planet survivability, if they both form at same time – Planets interior to a migrating giant planet will be disrupted and lost – Of course, these small planets may also migrate into star! ...
... planet survivability, if they both form at same time – Planets interior to a migrating giant planet will be disrupted and lost – Of course, these small planets may also migrate into star! ...
Biosignatures and Planetary Properties to be
... establish whether they are habitable. We define a habitable planet in the "classical" sense, meaning a planet having an atmosphere and with liquid water on its surface. The habitable zone therefore is that zone within which starlight is sufficiently intense to maintain liquid water at the surface, w ...
... establish whether they are habitable. We define a habitable planet in the "classical" sense, meaning a planet having an atmosphere and with liquid water on its surface. The habitable zone therefore is that zone within which starlight is sufficiently intense to maintain liquid water at the surface, w ...
A radiogenic heating evolution model for cosmochemically Earth
... the required rigor, Clayton (1985) presented a model that parameterizes galactic infall in such a way that it provides analytical solutions for disk gas mass, total star mass, and metallicity. The Clayton model is a mathematical approximation for those GCE models that do simulate the physical proces ...
... the required rigor, Clayton (1985) presented a model that parameterizes galactic infall in such a way that it provides analytical solutions for disk gas mass, total star mass, and metallicity. The Clayton model is a mathematical approximation for those GCE models that do simulate the physical proces ...
Lecture 7: Extrasolar Planets 01/08/2013 update: 725 exoplanets
... • Solar System prototypes: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus... • Substantial gaseous envelopes • Masses of the order of Jupiter mass • In the Solar System, NOT same composition as Sun • Presence of gas implies formation while gas was still prevalent ...
... • Solar System prototypes: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus... • Substantial gaseous envelopes • Masses of the order of Jupiter mass • In the Solar System, NOT same composition as Sun • Presence of gas implies formation while gas was still prevalent ...
Chapter 13 Other Planetary Systems: The New Science of Distant
... Revisiting the Nebular Theory • The nebular theory predicts that massive Jupiter-like planets should not form inside the frost line (at << 5 AU). • The discovery of hot Jupiters has forced reexamination of nebular theory. • Planetary migration or gravitational encounters may explain hot Jupiters. © ...
... Revisiting the Nebular Theory • The nebular theory predicts that massive Jupiter-like planets should not form inside the frost line (at << 5 AU). • The discovery of hot Jupiters has forced reexamination of nebular theory. • Planetary migration or gravitational encounters may explain hot Jupiters. © ...
Circumstellar habitable zone
In astronomy and astrobiology, the circumstellar habitable zone (CHZ), or simply the habitable zone, is the region around a star within which planetary-mass objects with sufficient atmospheric pressure can support liquid water at their surfaces. The bounds of the CHZ are calculated using the known requirements of Earth's biosphere, its position in the Solar System and the amount of radiant energy it receives from the Sun. Due to the importance of liquid water to life as it exists on Earth, the nature of the CHZ and the objects within is believed to be instrumental in determining the scope and distribution of Earth-like extraterrestrial life and intelligence.The habitable zone is also called the Goldilocks zone, a metaphor of the children's fairy tale of Goldilocks and the Three Bears, in which a little girl chooses from sets of three items, ignoring the ones that are too extreme (large or small, hot or cold, etc.), and settling on the one in the middle, which is ""just right"".Since the concept was first presented in 1953, stars have been confirmed to possess a CHZ planet, including some systems that consist of multiple CHZ planets. Most such planets, being super-Earths or gas giants, are more massive than Earth, because such planets are easier to detect. On November 4, 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs in the Milky Way. 11 billion of these may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists. The CHZ is also of particular interest to the emerging field of habitability of natural satellites, because planetary-mass moons in the CHZ might outnumber planets.In subsequent decades, the CHZ concept began to be challenged as a primary criterion for life. Since the discovery of evidence for extraterrestrial liquid water, substantial quantities of it are now believed to occur outside the circumstellar habitable zone. Sustained by other energy sources, such as tidal heating or radioactive decay or pressurized by other non-atmospheric means, the basic conditions for water-dependent life may be found even in interstellar space, on rogue planets, or their moons. In addition, other circumstellar zones, where non-water solvents favorable to hypothetical life based on alternative biochemistries could exist in liquid form at the surface, have been proposed.