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Terminology Used in Planetary Data
Terminology Used in Planetary Data

... can throw people into confusion. At times it can be like reading another language! So here is a brief summary of the commonly used terms and what they mean. The diagram will help you to better understand these descriptions! Orbits In our solar system, the planets orbit the Sun and each planet has mo ...
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... 38) The comet that was torn apart by tidal forces and also impacted Jupiter was called … A) Eris B) Halley C) Shoemaker-Levy 9 D) LINEAR 50 E) Siding Spring 4 39) Why do the stars in the sky appear to move in the sky over the course of evening? A) Because the stars orbit the center of our galaxy B) ...
Chapter 25 Teacher Notes
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... •Most like Earth of all of the planets •“red planet” because of high iron content on its surface •Last volcanic activity about 100 million years ago •Olympus Mon is largest volcano in solar system. If on Earth, its base would cover the space between Cleveland and Washington D.C. Mars •Very thin atmo ...
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... is directly proportional to the cube of its semi-major axis. This law relates the amount of time for the planet to complete one orbit around the Sun to the planet’s average distance from the Sun. If we measure the orbital periods (P) in years and distances (a) in astronomical units, then the law mat ...
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Solar System



The Solar System comprises the Sun and the planetary system that orbits it, either directly or indirectly. Of those objects that orbit the Sun directly, the largest eight are the planets, with the remainder being significantly smaller objects, such as dwarf planets and small Solar System bodies such as comets and asteroids. Of those that orbit the Sun indirectly, two are larger than the smallest planet.The Solar System formed 4.6 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a giant interstellar molecular cloud. The vast majority of the system's mass is in the Sun, with most of the remaining mass contained in Jupiter. The four smaller inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, are terrestrial planets, being primarily composed of rock and metal. The four outer planets are giant planets, being substantially more massive than the terrestrials. The two largest, Jupiter and Saturn, are gas giants, being composed mainly of hydrogen and helium; the two outermost planets, Uranus and Neptune, are ice giants, being composed largely of substances with relatively high melting points compared with hydrogen and helium, called ices, such as water, ammonia and methane. All planets have almost circular orbits that lie within a nearly flat disc called the ecliptic.The Solar System also contains smaller objects. The asteroid belt, which lies between Mars and Jupiter, mostly contains objects composed, like the terrestrial planets, of rock and metal. Beyond Neptune's orbit lie the Kuiper belt and scattered disc, populations of trans-Neptunian objects composed mostly of ices, and beyond them a newly discovered population of sednoids. Within these populations are several dozen to possibly tens of thousands of objects large enough to have been rounded by their own gravity. Such objects are categorized as dwarf planets. Identified dwarf planets include the asteroid Ceres and the trans-Neptunian objects Pluto and Eris. In addition to these two regions, various other small-body populations, including comets, centaurs and interplanetary dust, freely travel between regions. Six of the planets, at least three of the dwarf planets, and many of the smaller bodies are orbited by natural satellites, usually termed ""moons"" after the Moon. Each of the outer planets is encircled by planetary rings of dust and other small objects.The solar wind, a stream of charged particles flowing outwards from the Sun, creates a bubble-like region in the interstellar medium known as the heliosphere. The heliopause is the point at which pressure from the solar wind is equal to the opposing pressure of interstellar wind; it extends out to the edge of the scattered disc. The Oort cloud, which is believed to be the source for long-period comets, may also exist at a distance roughly a thousand times further than the heliosphere. The Solar System is located in the Orion Arm, 26,000 light-years from the center of the Milky Way.
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