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Troubles with Tonal Terminology
Troubles with Tonal Terminology

... fundamental problems of logic and democracy in the denotation of musical structure. My own awareness of those problems stems from forty years of work as a ‘musicologist of the popular’. Back in the 1970s I was certainly aware of incongruities when trying to apply  the  terminology  of  conventional  ...
The Geometry of Melodic, Harmonic, and Metrical
The Geometry of Melodic, Harmonic, and Metrical

... hierarchy in terms of intervals rather than notes corrects this situation, so that rhythmic and tonal patterns can be compared directly in terms of hierarchic structure. Property (3) provides a useful heuristic for present purposes. Although non-binary relationships can exist in melodic, harmonic, a ...
Music Theory Review Guide - Guitar
Music Theory Review Guide - Guitar

... just 15 major keys and 15 minor keys to learn for a total of 30 keys. While there are all sorts of clever methods to use to figure out the keys, it is in your best interest to have all the keys memorized without using aids to “figure out the keys.” For example, when you see a key signature of 4 shar ...
Chapter One Introduction to Quarter
Chapter One Introduction to Quarter

... Wyschnegradsky, the most progressive. Chapter 6 extends Richard Cohn’s “parsimonious trichord” by applying the transformational approach of neoRiemannian theory to chords derived from a quarter-tone scale developed by Wyschnegradsky.2 One obstacle to overcome when analyzing microtonal music is that ...
Pythagorean whole tone - Jacobs University Mathematics
Pythagorean whole tone - Jacobs University Mathematics

...  A scale is a discrete set of pitches arranged in such a way as to yield a maximum possible number of consonant combinations (or minimizes possible number of dissonance) when to or more notes of the set are sounded together.  (Here a scale is a set of tones with mathematically defined frequency re ...
Development of music perception and cognition
Development of music perception and cognition

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Absolute pitch correlates with high performance on
Absolute pitch correlates with high performance on

... been shown to be advantageous in some musical tasks; however, its relevance in musical contexts primarily involving relative pitch has been questioned. To explore this issue, 36 trained musicians—18 absolute pitch possessors and 18 non-possessors with equivalent age of onset and duration of musical ...
THE HEXATONIC SYSTEMS UNDER NEO
THE HEXATONIC SYSTEMS UNDER NEO

... To understand the Hexatonic Systems under neo-Riemannian theory, it is necessary to establish some pre-requisite knowledge. This knowledge is primarily a knowledge of music: namely, pitch and the major and minor triads. These topics, however, will be explained within a mathematical context. 2.1. Pit ...
A Mathematical and Musical Analogy in Microtonal Systems
A Mathematical and Musical Analogy in Microtonal Systems

... apart from its neighboring note. Thus in the circle of fifths we are viewing, Z12 as the cyclic group generated by 7 mod 12, and the circle of fourths is generated by 5, which can be seen if you move counterclockwise on figure 3 above. In music theory, a (standard) diatonic scale is a seven-note sc ...
On Duration and Developing Variation
On Duration and Developing Variation

... and how one actually experiences it, Bergson argues that “pure consciousness does not perceive time as a sum of units of duration: left to itself, it has no means and even no reason to measure time” (1950, 196; also 193ff.). To summarize; while time’s subjectivity is due to its indefiniteness and i ...
0 - Squarespace
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Timbre, Harmony, Orchestration, and Analysis, and Rautavaara`s
Timbre, Harmony, Orchestration, and Analysis, and Rautavaara`s

... As I mentioned before, staff notation represents timbre directly in only a single dimension: lyrics. And this is appropriate—after all, language is fundamentally timbral in nature. When we hear language, we hear timbrally, synthetically: individual phonetic elements are combined into linguistically ...
The Line of Fifths
The Line of Fifths

... seconds, but decays quickly for longer intervals.) The pitch variance rule is perhaps not what first comes to mind as the main principle behind spelling. Alternatively, one might explain spelling choices in terms of diatonic collections. In `The Star-Spangled Banner', perhaps, we decide from the fir ...
Unit 4 - Intervals
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Scales, Key, and Modes!
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Lesson_UUU_-_The_Maj..
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... Because the pattern of tones and semitones discussed above is the same for every major scale, we often prefer to use general labels for each scale degree. The two main types of labels that we will give scale degrees in this lesson are scale degree numbers, and solfège syllables. Scale degree numbers ...
Yet Another 72-Noter - Masters Program in Digital Musics
Yet Another 72-Noter - Masters Program in Digital Musics

... I have spent most of my microtonal career on the edges of the computer world. The first piece I wrote in what I guess I can call my mature technique (From an Oboe Quartet [1971]) was tried out, little by little as it was composed, on the PDP-6 (10) system at M.I.T.'s Artificial Intelligence Laborato ...
Two Chinese Contemporary piano works "Combination of Long and
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... This paper will analyze two contrasting Chinese pieces written in the late twentieth century. The researcher will address related aspects of Chinese folk music and present a comprehensive analysis discussing how composers apply western composition techniques to Chinese folk music. The “Combination o ...
Scales and Temperament - Department of Physics and Astronomy
Scales and Temperament - Department of Physics and Astronomy

... scale contains seven distinct pitch classes and is ‣ This part of a general class of scales known as heptatonic the frequency of a tone in this scale requires ‣ Doubling going up by 8 notes: hence the term “octave” ...
ppt - BU Blogs
ppt - BU Blogs

... can distort the perception of silent intervals between them. The two silent intervals t1 and t2 are of the same objective duration, but t2 is perceived as longer than t1 The mind expects that a greater pitch distance will take longer to traverse than a shorter distance, and adjusts perception accord ...
NAMING AND SINGING NOTES
NAMING AND SINGING NOTES

... and pitches concerns our voice. Letters in English are inherently awkward to speak or sing. This is obvious when we speak the letters A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Notice that the letter A is a diphthong—a composite of more than two or more vowels, such as ay-ee. By speaking or singing the letter A, we al ...
The Syntax of Music
The Syntax of Music

... and  resolu
Neo-Riemannian Theory and the Analysis of Pop
Neo-Riemannian Theory and the Analysis of Pop

... D minor. As in much pop-rock music, repetition and metric strength are paramount in establishing the tonal center of this chord progression—the D- triad comes first and is metrically emphasized.13 A Roman numeral analysis such as i–iii  –  I–VI, shown in Example 2(b), does little to explain the pr ...
Intervals - cshchoir.org
Intervals - cshchoir.org

... Minor? That’s because they’re perfect…. Get it?  ...
Signal Processing for Melody Transcription
Signal Processing for Melody Transcription

... A musical scale is a logarithmic organisation of pitch based on the octave, which is the perceived distance between two pitches when one is twice the frequency of the other. For example, middle C (C4) has frequency 261.6 Hz; the octave above (C5) is 523.2 Hz and above that is soprano high C (C6) at ...
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Serialism

In music, serialism is a method or technique of composition that uses a series of values to manipulate different musical elements. Serialism began primarily with Arnold Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique, though some of his contemporaries were also working to establish serialism as a form of post-tonal thinking. Twelve-tone technique orders the twelve notes of the chromatic scale, forming a row or series and providing a unifying basis for a composition's melody, harmony, structural progressions, and variations. Other types of serialism also work with sets, collections of objects, but not necessarily with fixed-order series, and extend the technique to other musical dimensions (often called ""parameters""), such as duration, dynamics, and timbre. The idea of serialism is also applied in various ways in the visual arts, design, and architecture (Bandur 2001, 5, 12, 74; Gerstner 1964, passim), and the musical concept has also been adopted in literature (Collot 2008, 81; Leray 2008, 217–19; Waelti-Walters 1992, 37, 64, 81, 95).Integral serialism or total serialism is the use of series for aspects such as duration, dynamics, and register as well as pitch (Whittall 2008, 273). Other terms, used especially in Europe to distinguish post–World War II serial music from twelve-tone music and its American extensions, are general serialism and multiple serialism (Grant 2001, 5–6).Composers such as Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern, Alban Berg, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Pierre Boulez, Luigi Nono, Milton Babbitt, Charles Wuorinen and Jean Barraqué used serial techniques of one sort or another in most of their music. Other composers such as Béla Bartók, Luciano Berio, Benjamin Britten, John Cage, Aaron Copland, Olivier Messiaen, Arvo Pärt, Walter Piston, Ned Rorem, Alfred Schnittke, Dmitri Shostakovich, and Igor Stravinsky used serialism only for some of their compositions or only for some sections of pieces, as did some jazz composers such as Yusef Lateef and Bill Evans.
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