STRATFORD PUBLIC SCHOOLS Music Department – Music Theory
... Demonstrate a knowledge of all cadences aurally and through analysis of music. Write cadences in 3 and 4 part harmony. Analyze music in terms of phrases and periods aurally and in written form. Create diagrams of musical form based on phrases, periods, and cadences. Recognize a motive and how it is ...
... Demonstrate a knowledge of all cadences aurally and through analysis of music. Write cadences in 3 and 4 part harmony. Analyze music in terms of phrases and periods aurally and in written form. Create diagrams of musical form based on phrases, periods, and cadences. Recognize a motive and how it is ...
Level One Benchmarks for Strings
... By the end of Level 1, the cello/bass student will have accomplished the following categories. Proper Posture and Position Display proper posture- both sitting and standing. Display proper positioning of the cello/bass and correct bow hold. Knowledge and Maintenance of Instrument Name the part ...
... By the end of Level 1, the cello/bass student will have accomplished the following categories. Proper Posture and Position Display proper posture- both sitting and standing. Display proper positioning of the cello/bass and correct bow hold. Knowledge and Maintenance of Instrument Name the part ...
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... (a) How many cents separate a perfect third? (b) How many cents separate the A flat and G# that you calculated in your previous handout? [Hint: The frequency ratio Aflat:G# can be found by multiplying Aflat:C4 and C4:G#.] ...
... (a) How many cents separate a perfect third? (b) How many cents separate the A flat and G# that you calculated in your previous handout? [Hint: The frequency ratio Aflat:G# can be found by multiplying Aflat:C4 and C4:G#.] ...
Unit 4 - Intervals
... IF an interval is perfect, THEN BOTH the top and bottom pitch is in the other’s major key. IF the same accidental is added to both the upper and lower pitch, THEN the interval remains the same. IF an accidental is added only to the bottom pitch, THEN the accidental has the opposite effect than wh ...
... IF an interval is perfect, THEN BOTH the top and bottom pitch is in the other’s major key. IF the same accidental is added to both the upper and lower pitch, THEN the interval remains the same. IF an accidental is added only to the bottom pitch, THEN the accidental has the opposite effect than wh ...
Tristan, Isolde
... In the pedalling indications, which are marked with a gradually upward-slanting line, it is intended that each player depress the pedal before playing a new chord, and then gradually release it over about 3 seconds whilst sustaining the written pitches with fingers, thus creating an exaggerated (but ...
... In the pedalling indications, which are marked with a gradually upward-slanting line, it is intended that each player depress the pedal before playing a new chord, and then gradually release it over about 3 seconds whilst sustaining the written pitches with fingers, thus creating an exaggerated (but ...
RESEARCH ARTICLE Metrics for Scales and Tunings
... more extravagant tuning bends used as a novel compositional technique [11, 13]. (4) The many-to-one mapping implied by dimensionality-reduction enables the use of musical “puns”, whereby different higher-dimensional intervals can be expressed by the same lower-dimensional interval. Such puns can ena ...
... more extravagant tuning bends used as a novel compositional technique [11, 13]. (4) The many-to-one mapping implied by dimensionality-reduction enables the use of musical “puns”, whereby different higher-dimensional intervals can be expressed by the same lower-dimensional interval. Such puns can ena ...
How to Construct Modes
... G Ionian is the G major scale. G dorian uses the notes of an F major scale (G is the 2nd degree of the scale). G Phyrgian uses the notes of an Eb major scale (3rd degree). G Lydian uses the notes of a D major scale (4 th degree). G m i x o l y d i a n u s e s t h e n o t e s o f a C major scale (5th ...
... G Ionian is the G major scale. G dorian uses the notes of an F major scale (G is the 2nd degree of the scale). G Phyrgian uses the notes of an Eb major scale (3rd degree). G Lydian uses the notes of a D major scale (4 th degree). G m i x o l y d i a n u s e s t h e n o t e s o f a C major scale (5th ...
Introduction to Scales
... Beginning with C Major: Describe the relationship of Tones and Semi-tones within the major scale. Write the 8 notes beginning and ending on C in the treble clef and work out the relationship between each of the notes with the class. Let the class write down C Major scale with the semi-tones marked b ...
... Beginning with C Major: Describe the relationship of Tones and Semi-tones within the major scale. Write the 8 notes beginning and ending on C in the treble clef and work out the relationship between each of the notes with the class. Let the class write down C Major scale with the semi-tones marked b ...
HOLY CROSS HIGH SCHOOL CHORAL 90, 10, 20, 30 MUSICAL
... Head Voice: Or "head register." Singing in the higher part of the range. While singing in the head voice, the vocal folds are thin; the head voice is usually associated with light, bright sounds. Intonation: Refers to pitch. If he or she has "bad intonation," they sing either flat or sharp. Internat ...
... Head Voice: Or "head register." Singing in the higher part of the range. While singing in the head voice, the vocal folds are thin; the head voice is usually associated with light, bright sounds. Intonation: Refers to pitch. If he or she has "bad intonation," they sing either flat or sharp. Internat ...
BASIC MATHEMATICAL AND MUSICAL CONCEPTS Sets and
... by using the terms “positive “ and “negative” (or “plus” and “minus”). The interval from C4 to E3 could be described as down a minor sixth, or as negative a minor sixth. Octave Equivalence. Music notation and terminology often takes a view which identifies notes that are octaves apart. In this scenar ...
... by using the terms “positive “ and “negative” (or “plus” and “minus”). The interval from C4 to E3 could be described as down a minor sixth, or as negative a minor sixth. Octave Equivalence. Music notation and terminology often takes a view which identifies notes that are octaves apart. In this scenar ...
Pitch- the relative “highness” or “lowness” of a sound
... In most musical systems, octaves are considered to be equivalent- ie (men and women generally sing an octave apart, but can still be considered to be singing “in unison” (see parallel octaves in the Texture notes) A succession of pitches that occur horizontally over time is a Melody. This is the bas ...
... In most musical systems, octaves are considered to be equivalent- ie (men and women generally sing an octave apart, but can still be considered to be singing “in unison” (see parallel octaves in the Texture notes) A succession of pitches that occur horizontally over time is a Melody. This is the bas ...
dotted eighth notes - Introduction to Music Theory
... Perfect and major intervals are always diatonic intervals in all major keys. When the tonic and the upper note of an interval are NOT from the same major scale, it is called a chromatic interval. Minor, augmented, and diminished intervals are always chromatic intervals in all major keys. ...
... Perfect and major intervals are always diatonic intervals in all major keys. When the tonic and the upper note of an interval are NOT from the same major scale, it is called a chromatic interval. Minor, augmented, and diminished intervals are always chromatic intervals in all major keys. ...
Tone and Voice: A Derivation of the Rules of Voice
... filter. For typical complex harmonic tones, this generally means that simultaneously sounding notes should be more widely spaced as the register descends. ...
... filter. For typical complex harmonic tones, this generally means that simultaneously sounding notes should be more widely spaced as the register descends. ...
From Pythagoras to Johann Sebastian Bach: An
... intellectual activity which can be found, and yet related, supporting each other, as if to show forth the secret connection which ties together all the activities of our mind.”1 Dissonance and irrationality, fractals and subdivisions, intervallic leaps and modular arithmetic: math is embedded in mus ...
... intellectual activity which can be found, and yet related, supporting each other, as if to show forth the secret connection which ties together all the activities of our mind.”1 Dissonance and irrationality, fractals and subdivisions, intervallic leaps and modular arithmetic: math is embedded in mus ...
5A_SymbolicNotationCodes
... While a representation scheme can be devised to suit any system of notating music, some systems pose more challenges than others. The diagrams at the left show recorder music (black dots indicate the holes covered by the fingers). The music at the bottom left is marked up to show a Schenkerian analy ...
... While a representation scheme can be devised to suit any system of notating music, some systems pose more challenges than others. The diagrams at the left show recorder music (black dots indicate the holes covered by the fingers). The music at the bottom left is marked up to show a Schenkerian analy ...
Chinese musical scales are all based pentatonic scales. There are
... Each scale has many kind of variations. To add one or tow Pianyin(deviate tone) to get a variation scale. For example, we can add an F in the C Gong scale, The scale become a six tone scale. Or add a B to the C Shang scale, etc. Also we can add tow Pianyin(deviate tone) to a scale to get a seven ton ...
... Each scale has many kind of variations. To add one or tow Pianyin(deviate tone) to get a variation scale. For example, we can add an F in the C Gong scale, The scale become a six tone scale. Or add a B to the C Shang scale, etc. Also we can add tow Pianyin(deviate tone) to a scale to get a seven ton ...
Tuning, Tonality, and 22
... fact that 12-equal is not the historical basis for the diatonic scale; in fact the converse is true, and 12equal was chosen over other meantone tunings only for convenience. Balzano focuses on certain grouptheoretical properties of 12-equal and of the diatonic scales within it. For example, his view ...
... fact that 12-equal is not the historical basis for the diatonic scale; in fact the converse is true, and 12equal was chosen over other meantone tunings only for convenience. Balzano focuses on certain grouptheoretical properties of 12-equal and of the diatonic scales within it. For example, his view ...
Why is Music Healing?
... "The main differences between bird songs and their whale counterparts is that the former usually last only a few seconds while humpback songs last from about ten minutes to half an hour. Moreover birds typically rest between songs. Whales on the other hand may sing and re-sing their songs for many h ...
... "The main differences between bird songs and their whale counterparts is that the former usually last only a few seconds while humpback songs last from about ten minutes to half an hour. Moreover birds typically rest between songs. Whales on the other hand may sing and re-sing their songs for many h ...
The Mathematics of Musical Instruments
... scale to the first note of that scale (Table 1). These are computed by finding the relationship of each note to the flute’s first harmonic and then dividing to find their relationship to each other. Observe that the sequence of ratios in this scale can be written 8:8, 9:8, 10:8, . . .. A major chord ...
... scale to the first note of that scale (Table 1). These are computed by finding the relationship of each note to the flute’s first harmonic and then dividing to find their relationship to each other. Observe that the sequence of ratios in this scale can be written 8:8, 9:8, 10:8, . . .. A major chord ...
WHY study music? 1. Musician 2. Advertising 3
... • Stravinsky = Listen for: Crescendo / Gradual addition of instruments/ repetition of same melody at different pitch / sudden dynamic change / crescendo to ending • Ellington = listen for : repeated note melody / tone color changes as melody passes to different instruments / brass using mutes / ful ...
... • Stravinsky = Listen for: Crescendo / Gradual addition of instruments/ repetition of same melody at different pitch / sudden dynamic change / crescendo to ending • Ellington = listen for : repeated note melody / tone color changes as melody passes to different instruments / brass using mutes / ful ...
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... (3:2)4 give us the next ascending perfect fifth (in our example, from “A” up to “E”), which works out to 81:16. But to find this pitch within our original “C” to “C” octave we must reduce it. When we reduced (3:2)2 to find our major second we reduced it by one octave, or 2:1. But here we must bring ...
... (3:2)4 give us the next ascending perfect fifth (in our example, from “A” up to “E”), which works out to 81:16. But to find this pitch within our original “C” to “C” octave we must reduce it. When we reduced (3:2)2 to find our major second we reduced it by one octave, or 2:1. But here we must bring ...
Consonance in Music and Mathematics: Application
... Since ancient Greece there is evidence of the relation between Music and Mathematics. This article aims to be one more contribution to the study of the links connecting both fields. Two main topics will be investigated and discussed along the following sections. Although, both of them will relate to ...
... Since ancient Greece there is evidence of the relation between Music and Mathematics. This article aims to be one more contribution to the study of the links connecting both fields. Two main topics will be investigated and discussed along the following sections. Although, both of them will relate to ...
Just intonation
In music, just intonation (sometimes abbreviated as JI) or pure intonation is any musical tuning in which the frequencies of notes are related by ratios of small whole numbers. Any interval tuned in this way is called a pure or just interval. The two notes in any just interval are members of the same harmonic series. Frequency ratios involving large integers such as 1024:927 are not generally said to be justly tuned. ""Just intonation is the tuning system of the later ancient Greek modes as codified by Ptolemy; it was the aesthetic ideal of the Renaissance theorists; and it is the tuning practice of a great many musical cultures worldwide, both ancient and modern.""Just intonation can be contrasted and compared with equal temperament, which dominates Western instruments of fixed pitch (e.g., piano or organ) and default MIDI tuning on electronic keyboards. In equal temperament, all intervals are defined as multiples of the same basic interval, or more precisely, the intervals are ratios which are integer powers of the smallest step ratio, so two notes separated by the same number of steps always have exactly the same frequency ratio. However, except for doubling of frequencies (one or more octaves), no other intervals are exact ratios of small integers. Each just interval differs a different amount from its analogous, equally tempered interval.Justly tuned intervals can be written as either ratios, with a colon (for example, 3:2), or as fractions, with a solidus (3 ⁄ 2). For example, two tones, one at 300 Hertz (cycles per second), and the other at 200 hertz are both multiples of 100 Hz and as such members of the harmonic series built on 100 Hz. Thus 3/2, known as a perfect fifth, may be defined as the musical interval (the ratio) between the second and third harmonics of any fundamental pitch.