![The Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and the Evolution of the Vertebrate Heart](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/015415905_1-15dda8338a160d6fbcbad36eb827cbcd-300x300.png)
The Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and the Evolution of the Vertebrate Heart
... Ca2⫹ can enter the cardiac cell (cardiomyocyte) across the sarcolemmal membrane or it can be released from intracellular stores. In the mammalian myocardium, the majority of Ca2⫹ that activates contraction is released from the intracellular stores of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) (13). The SR is a ...
... Ca2⫹ can enter the cardiac cell (cardiomyocyte) across the sarcolemmal membrane or it can be released from intracellular stores. In the mammalian myocardium, the majority of Ca2⫹ that activates contraction is released from the intracellular stores of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) (13). The SR is a ...
2011 ACCF/AHA/HRS Focused Updates Incorporated Into the
... Manifestations, and Quality of Life. . . . . . . . . . . .e118 6.1. Causes and Associated Conditions . . . . . . . . . .e118 6.1.1. Reversible Causes of Atrial Fibrillation . . . .e118 6.1.2. Atrial Fibrillation Without Associated Heart Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .e118 6 ...
... Manifestations, and Quality of Life. . . . . . . . . . . .e118 6.1. Causes and Associated Conditions . . . . . . . . . .e118 6.1.1. Reversible Causes of Atrial Fibrillation . . . .e118 6.1.2. Atrial Fibrillation Without Associated Heart Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .e118 6 ...
ACC/AHA/ESC Practice Guidelines
... It is important that the medical profession play a significant role in critically evaluating the use of diagnostic procedures and therapies as they are introduced and tested in the detection, management, or prevention of disease states. Rigorous and expert analysis of the available data documenting ...
... It is important that the medical profession play a significant role in critically evaluating the use of diagnostic procedures and therapies as they are introduced and tested in the detection, management, or prevention of disease states. Rigorous and expert analysis of the available data documenting ...
ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management
... The content of these European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines has been published for personal and educational use only. No commercial use is authorized. No part of the ESC Guidelines may be translated or reproduced in any form without written permission from the ESC. Permission can be obtaine ...
... The content of these European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines has been published for personal and educational use only. No commercial use is authorized. No part of the ESC Guidelines may be translated or reproduced in any form without written permission from the ESC. Permission can be obtaine ...
ACC/AHA/ESC Practice Guidelines
... It is important that the medical profession play a significant role in critically evaluating the use of diagnostic procedures and therapies as they are introduced and tested in the detection, management, or prevention of disease states. Rigorous and expert analysis of the available data documenting ...
... It is important that the medical profession play a significant role in critically evaluating the use of diagnostic procedures and therapies as they are introduced and tested in the detection, management, or prevention of disease states. Rigorous and expert analysis of the available data documenting ...
ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with atrial
... The content of these European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines has been published for personal and educational use only. No commercial use is authorized. No part of the ESC Guidelines may be translated or reproduced in any form without written permission from the ESC. Permission can be obtaine ...
... The content of these European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines has been published for personal and educational use only. No commercial use is authorized. No part of the ESC Guidelines may be translated or reproduced in any form without written permission from the ESC. Permission can be obtaine ...
ACC/AHA/ESC Practice Guidelines
... 1.2. Contents of These Guidelines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .e261 1.3. Changes Since the Initial Publication of These Guidelines in 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .e263 2. Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .e263 2.1. Atrial Fibrillation ...
... 1.2. Contents of These Guidelines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .e261 1.3. Changes Since the Initial Publication of These Guidelines in 2001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .e263 2. Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .e263 2.1. Atrial Fibrillation ...
TNF- and myocardial depression in endotoxemic rats
... through the right atrium, and serum was prepared by centrifugation and stored at 270°C. Hearts were excised, and coronary blood vessels were flushed with 10 ml of phosphatebuffered saline (pH 7.4, 4°C) by retrograde perfusion through the aortic root. After removal of the major vessels and atria, ven ...
... through the right atrium, and serum was prepared by centrifugation and stored at 270°C. Hearts were excised, and coronary blood vessels were flushed with 10 ml of phosphatebuffered saline (pH 7.4, 4°C) by retrograde perfusion through the aortic root. After removal of the major vessels and atria, ven ...
ACC/AHA/ESC Practice Guidelines
... For new or updated text, view the 2011 Focused Update and the 2011 Focused Update on Dabigatran. Text supporting unchanged recommendations has not been updated. It is important that the medical profession play a significant role in critically evaluating the use of diagnostic procedures and therapies ...
... For new or updated text, view the 2011 Focused Update and the 2011 Focused Update on Dabigatran. Text supporting unchanged recommendations has not been updated. It is important that the medical profession play a significant role in critically evaluating the use of diagnostic procedures and therapies ...
atrial arrhythmogenesis during myocardial infarction
... AF and left ventricular dysfunction with acute myocardial infarction ............................... 55 ...
... AF and left ventricular dysfunction with acute myocardial infarction ............................... 55 ...
A STUDY OF THE PATHOLOGY AND PATHOGENSIS OF MYOCARDIAL
... subendocardial region, as a result of decreased myocardial contraction, increased diastolic pressure, tachycardia and myofibre hypertrophy. ...
... subendocardial region, as a result of decreased myocardial contraction, increased diastolic pressure, tachycardia and myofibre hypertrophy. ...
Prognosis of Adults With Borderline Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
... OBJECTIVES This study sought to examine the association of a borderline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 50% to 55% with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a community-based cohort. BACKGROUND Guidelines stipulate a LVEF >55% as normal, but the optimal threshold, if any, remains u ...
... OBJECTIVES This study sought to examine the association of a borderline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 50% to 55% with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a community-based cohort. BACKGROUND Guidelines stipulate a LVEF >55% as normal, but the optimal threshold, if any, remains u ...
Left Ventricular Septal and Left Ventricular Apical Pacing
... Background—Conventional right ventricular (RV) apex pacing can lead to adverse clinical outcome associated with asynchronous activation and reduced left ventricular (LV) pump function. We investigated to what extent alternate RV (septum) and LV (septum, apex) pacing sites improve LV electric activat ...
... Background—Conventional right ventricular (RV) apex pacing can lead to adverse clinical outcome associated with asynchronous activation and reduced left ventricular (LV) pump function. We investigated to what extent alternate RV (septum) and LV (septum, apex) pacing sites improve LV electric activat ...
Rate control in Atrial fibrillation Groenveld, Hessel Folkert
... † All cause mortality, stroke or transient ischemic attack, systemic embolism, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation ‡ All cause mortality, thromboembolic complications and intracranial or other major hemorrhage # All cause mortality, symptomatic cerebral infarction, systemic embolism, major bleeding, h ...
... † All cause mortality, stroke or transient ischemic attack, systemic embolism, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation ‡ All cause mortality, thromboembolic complications and intracranial or other major hemorrhage # All cause mortality, symptomatic cerebral infarction, systemic embolism, major bleeding, h ...
the PDF - Heart Rhythm Society
... 1. Dual-chamber pacing or single-chamber atrial pacing should not be used in patients in permanent or longstanding persistent AF where efforts to restore or maintain sinus rhythm are not planned (Level of Evidence: C).1,5,10,17,18 SND is the most common cause of bradyarrhythmias requiring pacing the ...
... 1. Dual-chamber pacing or single-chamber atrial pacing should not be used in patients in permanent or longstanding persistent AF where efforts to restore or maintain sinus rhythm are not planned (Level of Evidence: C).1,5,10,17,18 SND is the most common cause of bradyarrhythmias requiring pacing the ...
2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of
... Appendix 4. Initial Clinical Evaluation in Patients With AF ............................................................................................... 100 References ................................................................................................................................. ...
... Appendix 4. Initial Clinical Evaluation in Patients With AF ............................................................................................... 100 References ................................................................................................................................. ...
A 4-Tiered Classification of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
... and dilated hypertrophy,” n⫽13); and neither increased concentricity nor increased EDV (“indeterminate hypertrophy,” n⫽468). Compared with subjects with isolated thick hypertrophy, those with both thick and dilated hypertrophy had a lower LV ejection fraction and higher NT-pro-BNP and BNP levels (Pⱕ ...
... and dilated hypertrophy,” n⫽13); and neither increased concentricity nor increased EDV (“indeterminate hypertrophy,” n⫽468). Compared with subjects with isolated thick hypertrophy, those with both thick and dilated hypertrophy had a lower LV ejection fraction and higher NT-pro-BNP and BNP levels (Pⱕ ...
Pacing Therapies for Heart Failure (PDF Available)
... through the AV node to the His-Purkinje system, and then to the ventricles. The His-Purkinje system comprises myocardial cells that are specialized for rapid conduction. Its anatomic components are (in order of activation) the His bundle, the bundle branches (right and left) and the Purkinje fibers. ...
... through the AV node to the His-Purkinje system, and then to the ventricles. The His-Purkinje system comprises myocardial cells that are specialized for rapid conduction. Its anatomic components are (in order of activation) the His bundle, the bundle branches (right and left) and the Purkinje fibers. ...
AHA/ACC/HRS Practice Guideline
... as well as evidence and/or agreement that a given treatment or procedure is or is not useful/effective or in some situations may cause harm; this is defined in Table 1. The Level of Evidence (LOE) is an estimate of the certainty or precision of the treatment effect. The writing committee reviews and ...
... as well as evidence and/or agreement that a given treatment or procedure is or is not useful/effective or in some situations may cause harm; this is defined in Table 1. The Level of Evidence (LOE) is an estimate of the certainty or precision of the treatment effect. The writing committee reviews and ...
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury
... clinical studies have reported mixed results with the administration of antioxidant therapy at the onset of myocardial reperfusion. The reason for this may in part be due the inability of the antioxidant to enter the cell (24). In this regard, the discovery of mitochondrial-specific antioxidants may ...
... clinical studies have reported mixed results with the administration of antioxidant therapy at the onset of myocardial reperfusion. The reason for this may in part be due the inability of the antioxidant to enter the cell (24). In this regard, the discovery of mitochondrial-specific antioxidants may ...
Catheter Ablation as Treatment for Atrial Fibrillation
... The most common focal trigger of AF appears to be located within the cardiac muscle that extends into the pulmonary veins. AF accounts for approximately one-third of hospitalizations for cardiac rhythm disturbances. Symptoms of AF, (e.g., palpitations, decreased exercise tolerance, and dyspnea) are ...
... The most common focal trigger of AF appears to be located within the cardiac muscle that extends into the pulmonary veins. AF accounts for approximately one-third of hospitalizations for cardiac rhythm disturbances. Symptoms of AF, (e.g., palpitations, decreased exercise tolerance, and dyspnea) are ...
Correlation Between Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Mass Index
... cor pulmonale; b) myocardial infarction; c) valvular heart disease; d) bundle branch blocks; e) pre-excitation syndrome; or f) atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter based on clinical history and examination according to relevant guidelines.11-15 Electrocardiography All patients had a standard 12-lea ...
... cor pulmonale; b) myocardial infarction; c) valvular heart disease; d) bundle branch blocks; e) pre-excitation syndrome; or f) atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter based on clinical history and examination according to relevant guidelines.11-15 Electrocardiography All patients had a standard 12-lea ...
Comprehensive characterisation of hypertensive heart disease left
... respectively). LVH had worst circumferential impairment (eccentric LVH: −12.8±4.6% vs concentric LVH: −15.5 ±3.1% vs concentric remodelling: –17.1±3.2%, p<0.05, respectively). Concentric remodelling was associated with reduced aortic distensibility, but not with large intracellular/interstitial expa ...
... respectively). LVH had worst circumferential impairment (eccentric LVH: −12.8±4.6% vs concentric LVH: −15.5 ±3.1% vs concentric remodelling: –17.1±3.2%, p<0.05, respectively). Concentric remodelling was associated with reduced aortic distensibility, but not with large intracellular/interstitial expa ...
150 Practice ECGs: Interpretation and Review
... to 0.1 millivolt (mV) (Fig 1.1). For practical purposes, we often refer to the amplitude, or height, of an ECG complex in millimeters of paper rather than in millivolts. At the beginning or end of the ECG, you may see a square wave, machine induced, that is 10 mm tall; this is a 1-mV current entered ...
... to 0.1 millivolt (mV) (Fig 1.1). For practical purposes, we often refer to the amplitude, or height, of an ECG complex in millimeters of paper rather than in millivolts. At the beginning or end of the ECG, you may see a square wave, machine induced, that is 10 mm tall; this is a 1-mV current entered ...
Flecainide BNM
... Frequent and long term ECG monitoring should be performed in all patients to guide dosage of Flecainide BNM. This applies to the initiation of therapy, changes in dosage and control of long term therapy with Flecainide BNM. ECG monitoring should be performed at 2 to 4 day intervals at the beginning ...
... Frequent and long term ECG monitoring should be performed in all patients to guide dosage of Flecainide BNM. This applies to the initiation of therapy, changes in dosage and control of long term therapy with Flecainide BNM. ECG monitoring should be performed at 2 to 4 day intervals at the beginning ...
Ventricular fibrillation
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ventricular_fibrillation.png?width=300)
Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib or VF) is a condition in which there is uncoordinated contraction of the cardiac muscle of the ventricles in the heart, making them quiver rather than contract properly. Ventricular fibrillation is the most commonly identified arrhythmia in cardiac arrest patients. While there is some activity, the lay person is usually unable to detect it by palpating (feeling) the major pulse points of the carotid and femoral arteries. Such an arrhythmia is only confirmed by electrocardiography. Ventricular fibrillation is a medical emergency that requires prompt Advanced Life Support interventions. If this arrhythmia continues for more than a few seconds, it will likely degenerate further into asystole (""flatline""). This condition results in cardiogenic shock and cessation of effective blood circulation. As a consequence, sudden cardiac death (SCD) will result in a matter of minutes. If the patient is not revived after a sufficient period (within roughly 5 minutes at room temperature), the patient could sustain irreversible brain damage and possibly become brain-dead, due to the effects of cerebral hypoxia. On the other hand, death often occurs if sinus rhythm is not restored within 90 seconds of the onset of VF, especially if it has degenerated further into asystole.