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... • Blood clots that can cause a stroke or other organ damage, bruising, burning or pain where the paddles were used. • Allergic reactions from medicines used in pharmacologic cardioversion . ...
Understanding Atrial Fibrillation
Understanding Atrial Fibrillation

... AF affects everyone differently. One person with a fast heart rate may not feel well. Another person won’t feel the AF at all. Over time, fast heart rates can cause the ventricles to become larger and weaker. Also, once AF starts, the atria undergo changes that make the AF more likely to continue. T ...
Spotlight on atrial fibrillation—the `complete arrhythmia`
Spotlight on atrial fibrillation—the `complete arrhythmia`

... end of the 19th century, Cushny noted the similarity between pulse curves in clinical delirium cordis and those in dogs with induced auricular fibrillation [6]. Fredericq demonstrated the role of AF in causing the associated irregularity in ventricular contraction by cutting the bundle of His, after ...
atrial fibrillation
atrial fibrillation

... AF affects everyone differently. One person with a fast heart rate may not feel well. Another person won’t feel the AF at all. Over time, fast heart rates can cause the ventricles to become larger and weaker. Also, once AF starts, the atria undergo changes that make the AF more likely to continue. T ...
Guide For Arrhythmia Recognition
Guide For Arrhythmia Recognition

... What drugs induce SB? When do you treat SB? Why do they have symptoms? ...
Principles of Cardiac Pacing
Principles of Cardiac Pacing

... – Pacemaker not sensitive enough to detect the patient’s intrinsic electrical activity (mV) – Insufficient myocardial voltage – Dislodged, loose, fibrotic, or fractured electrode – Electrolyte abnormalities – Low battery voltage ...
Atrioventricular dissociation with accrochage - Heart
Atrioventricular dissociation with accrochage - Heart

... Case 7 A man aged 57 years had a history of myocardial infarction after which he was observed over a four-year period. Twenty serial cardiograms were recorded, in which sinus rhythm was dominant in I2 tracings with a rate range of 6o to 75 a minute. In the remaining 8 tracings dissociation with inte ...
Enter o to this page the details for the document
Enter o to this page the details for the document

... An EASYSENSE logger capable of fast recording ...
“” Investigation of cardiovascular disease “”(Printed by Mostafa Hatim)
“” Investigation of cardiovascular disease “”(Printed by Mostafa Hatim)

... testing is an unreliable population screening tool because in low-risk individuals (e.g. asymptomatic young or middle-aged women) an abnormal response is more likely to represent a false positive than a true positive test. Stress testing is contraindicated in presence of acute coronary syndrome, dec ...
Pharmacotherapy for the Management of Heart Failure
Pharmacotherapy for the Management of Heart Failure

... inhibitors and β-blockers for patients with HFrEF (regardless of MI history) • Statin therapy for secondary prevention • Initiation of diuretic – based antihypertensive therapy if BP not controlled Yancy, Clyde et al. (2013) ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Heart Failure. Circulation 2013. ...
Atrial Septal Defect Presenting in a 70-Year
Atrial Septal Defect Presenting in a 70-Year

... was reported in a 86-year-old woman by Tozzini et al.6 Studies have been conducted to evaluate the benefits of ASD closure in the elderly. Komar et al. concluded that transcatheter closure of ASD in the elderly (>60 years) caused significant clinical and hemodynamic improvement which was maintained ...
Can Cardiac Conduction System Disease Be Prevented?
Can Cardiac Conduction System Disease Be Prevented?

... each antihypertensive. Finally, atrial fibrillation, which is linked with atrial conduction slowing,7 was not reported, and only 2 to 3 ECGs recorded during the 5 years precluded detection of transient conduction abnormalities (such as those caused by medications). However, these effects would likel ...
Relationships between Anticoagulation, Risk Scores and Adverse
Relationships between Anticoagulation, Risk Scores and Adverse

... clopidogrel for three to six months while on dialysis. Mean CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores were 2.4+/-1.2, 3.8+/-1.6 and 3.3+/-1.0 respectively. CHADS2 (2.6 vs 2.2, P=0.159) and CHA2DS2-VASc (3.9 vs 3.7, P=0.676) were not significantly higher in patients on warfarin. Beta-blocker was the m ...
Anthem™ RF
Anthem™ RF

... 3 Chan et al. Tissue Doppler guided optimization of A-V and V-V delay of biventricular pacemaker improves response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in heart failure patients. J Cardiac Failure 2004; 10:4 (supplement): 572 (abstract 199). 4 Terms and conditions apply. Refer to the warranty fo ...
Product Messaging Guide
Product Messaging Guide

... • The safety and effectiveness (and benefit-risk profile) of the WATCHMAN Device has not been established in patients for whom long-term anticoagulation is determined to be contraindicated. • The LAA is a thin-walled structure. Use caution when accessing the LAA and deploying the device. • Use cauti ...
Heart Function: How do we correlate the cardiac cycle to sounds
Heart Function: How do we correlate the cardiac cycle to sounds

... Intervals and segments can tell you about the health of the heart. Example: Is the heart beating too quickly or too slowly? Is the AV node delaying the depolarization too much or is the delay not long enough? ...
Arrhythmias and Palpitations
Arrhythmias and Palpitations

... Medically important arrhythmias are relatively common in adults but uncommon in children. Some arrhythmias are normal and of no concern. For example, “sinus arrhythmia” is normal in children. This arrhythmia consists of normal changes in heart rate that occur with each breath. Athletes may have “sin ...
Guide to Palpitations in Primary Care
Guide to Palpitations in Primary Care

... compromised by symptoms where admission may be appropriate. An ECG performed during symptoms is of great value and the patient should be made aware of its value and asked to attend to get an ECG performed if they are asymptomatic and still without a diagnosis. Chapter 8 of the NSF inc Cardiology rec ...
AED Quiz
AED Quiz

... pacemakers muscle tissues ...
ostium primum defect: factors causing deterioration in - Heart
ostium primum defect: factors causing deterioration in - Heart

... emphasized that this occurred frequently after 40 years of age and that 50 per cent of patients with atrial septal defect developed atrial fibrillation by 50. Atrial septal defect is the commonest form of congenital heart disease in elderly patients (Kelly and Lyons, 1958). Several instances of osti ...
Dronedarone for the control of ventricular rate in
Dronedarone for the control of ventricular rate in

... The study was conducted in adult patients (≥21 years) with documented, symptomatic permanent AF, for which cardioversion was not considered an option. Symptomatic AF was defined as the presence of any AF-related symptoms including palpitations. Permanent AF was defined as AF of N6 months of duration ...
PDF Article
PDF Article

... Cor triatriatum is rarely combined with AV canal defect (1,2). Five patients with cor triatriatum and an ostium primum defect (3-6) and two with complete AV canal ( I) have been previously reported. Symptoms in patients with AV canal and cor triatriatum are variable and relate to the quantity of pul ...
- aes journals
- aes journals

... Hamiltonp[5] has developed a software for ECG  beat detection and classification and made available as an open source system for use by researchers. silipo R and marchesis[6] used neural networks for automatic ECG analysis for the classification of different cardiac abnormalities. The premature ven ...
Hybrid management of a large atrial septal defect and a patent
Hybrid management of a large atrial septal defect and a patent

... at the base of the right atrial appendage. This location was chosen as the entry site after we made sure it would provide the straightest wire course toward the left atrium by pushing the right atrial wall with the index finger tip in various locations and assessing the angle by TEE. The ASD was the ...
NCD Watch August 2016
NCD Watch August 2016

... (problem with the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat). It occurs when the electrical impulses cause the heart’s two upper chambers (atria) to contract very fast and irregularly. As a result, blood pools in the atria and cannot be pumped completely into the heart’s two lower chambers (ventricles). Atria ...
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Atrial fibrillation



Atrial fibrillation (AF or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm characterized by rapid and irregular beating. Often it starts as brief periods of abnormal beating which become longer and possibly constant over time. Most episodes have no symptoms. Occasionally there may be heart palpitations, fainting, shortness of breath, or chest pain. The disease increases the risk of heart failure, dementia, and stroke.Hypertension and valvular heart disease are the most common alterable risk factors for AF. Other heart-related risk factors include heart failure, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathy, and congenital heart disease. In the developing world valvular heart disease often occurs as a result of rheumatic fever. Lung-related risk factors include COPD, obesity, and sleep apnea. Other factors include excess alcohol intake, diabetes mellitus, and thyrotoxicosis. However, half of cases are not associated with one of these risks. A diagnosis is made by feeling the pulse and may be confirmed using an electrocardiogram (ECG). The typical ECG shows no P waves and an irregular ventricular rate.AF is often treated with medications to slow the heart rate to a near normal range (known as rate control) or to convert the rhythm to normal sinus rhythm (known as rhythm control). Electrical cardioversion can also be used to convert AF to a normal sinus rhythm and is often used emergently if the person is unstable. Ablation may prevent recurrence in some people. Depending on the risk of stroke either aspirin or anti-clotting medications such as warfarin or a novel oral anticoagulant may be recommended. While these medications reduce this risk, they increase rates of major bleeding.Atrial fibrillation is the most common serious abnormal heart rhythm. In Europe and North America, as of 2014, it affects about 2% to 3% of the population. This is an increase from 0.4 to 1% of the population around 2005. In the developing world about 0.6% of males and 0.4% of females are affected. The percentage of people with AF increases with age with 0.14% under 50 years old, 4% between 60 and 70 years old, and 14% over 80 years old being affected. A-fib and atrial flutter resulted in 112,000 deaths in 2013, up from 29,000 in 1990. The first known report of an irregular pulse was by John Baptist Senac in 1749. This was first documented by ECG in 1909 by Thomas Lewis.
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