A GPU-accelerated cortical neural network model for visually guided
... Minch, & Delbruck, 2010; Wen & Boahen, 2009). Thus, developing complex spiking networks that display cognitive functions or learn behavioral abilities through autonomous interaction may also represent an important step toward realizing functional largescale networks on neuromorphic hardware. Overall ...
... Minch, & Delbruck, 2010; Wen & Boahen, 2009). Thus, developing complex spiking networks that display cognitive functions or learn behavioral abilities through autonomous interaction may also represent an important step toward realizing functional largescale networks on neuromorphic hardware. Overall ...
Predictability Modulates Human Brain Response to Reward
... temporal-differences (TD), which postulates that a synaptically reinforcing substance, e.g. dopamine, is released in response to errors in reward prediction (Schultz et al., 1997). This model has been used in a wide variety of applications including complex learning tasks, like backgammon (Sutton, 1 ...
... temporal-differences (TD), which postulates that a synaptically reinforcing substance, e.g. dopamine, is released in response to errors in reward prediction (Schultz et al., 1997). This model has been used in a wide variety of applications including complex learning tasks, like backgammon (Sutton, 1 ...
File - Joris Vangeneugden
... stress on gene expression and hence brain functioning (Mehta et al., 2013). The mechanism of learned fear allows animals to generate adaptive responses to situations that threaten their safety on the basis of previous experiences. These responses take place, depending on time scale at the neurochemi ...
... stress on gene expression and hence brain functioning (Mehta et al., 2013). The mechanism of learned fear allows animals to generate adaptive responses to situations that threaten their safety on the basis of previous experiences. These responses take place, depending on time scale at the neurochemi ...
The plasticity of human maternal brain: longitudinal changes in brain anatomy during the early postpartum period
... cues. Furthermore, the structural changes in the midbrain region including the hypothalamus, substantia nigra, globus pallidus, and amygdala over time were predicted by a mother’s positive perception of her baby at the first month postpartum. Thus, the mother’s positive feelings on her baby may faci ...
... cues. Furthermore, the structural changes in the midbrain region including the hypothalamus, substantia nigra, globus pallidus, and amygdala over time were predicted by a mother’s positive perception of her baby at the first month postpartum. Thus, the mother’s positive feelings on her baby may faci ...
part ii: the animal mind - Neural and Mental Evolution
... display sensitivity and motility, sentient beings? We shall present evidence that the behavioral mechanisms of bacteria are fundamentally different from those of protozoans and, we shall argue, that they are insentient organisms because their behavior is of the stochastic (random) rather than teleol ...
... display sensitivity and motility, sentient beings? We shall present evidence that the behavioral mechanisms of bacteria are fundamentally different from those of protozoans and, we shall argue, that they are insentient organisms because their behavior is of the stochastic (random) rather than teleol ...
ap psych 2012 unit 3a and 3b
... ____ 15. Increasing excitatory signals above the threshold for neural activation will not affect the intensity of an action potential. This indicates that a neuron's reaction is a. inhibited by the myelin sheath. b. delayed by the refractory period. c. an all-or-none response. d. dependent on neurot ...
... ____ 15. Increasing excitatory signals above the threshold for neural activation will not affect the intensity of an action potential. This indicates that a neuron's reaction is a. inhibited by the myelin sheath. b. delayed by the refractory period. c. an all-or-none response. d. dependent on neurot ...
Spring 2011 MCB Transcript
... activating, modulating, or blocking the function of the protein. This makes it possible to obtain optical control over the function of a specific protein. An alternative approach for remotely controlling cellular functions with light is to use naturally occurring light-activated ion channels that pu ...
... activating, modulating, or blocking the function of the protein. This makes it possible to obtain optical control over the function of a specific protein. An alternative approach for remotely controlling cellular functions with light is to use naturally occurring light-activated ion channels that pu ...
A proposed common neural mechanism for categorization and
... framework, but it minimally suggests that the intentional framework cannot be universal. This places an additional burden on researchers to demonstrate that the intentional framework is not a consequence or artifact of the constraints of previous experimental designs. Potential limitations to his in ...
... framework, but it minimally suggests that the intentional framework cannot be universal. This places an additional burden on researchers to demonstrate that the intentional framework is not a consequence or artifact of the constraints of previous experimental designs. Potential limitations to his in ...
Digital Selection and Analogue Amplification Coexist in a cortex-inspired silicon circuit
... is called the effective gain matrix . I denotes the identity matrix and S diag j1 ; ¼; jN is a matrix that carries `digital' information about which neurons are active (ji 1 if neuron i is active and zero otherwise). The effective gain G depends on the identities of the active neurons, though ...
... is called the effective gain matrix . I denotes the identity matrix and S diag j1 ; ¼; jN is a matrix that carries `digital' information about which neurons are active (ji 1 if neuron i is active and zero otherwise). The effective gain G depends on the identities of the active neurons, though ...
Neurons - LPS.org
... messages among millions of neurons—from your fingertips, your eyeballs, your ears, your nose, and your mouth to the proper area of the brain for processing. As a stereo uses metal wires, your body uses living wires known as nerves, constructed of individual neurons. Those that connect the sense orga ...
... messages among millions of neurons—from your fingertips, your eyeballs, your ears, your nose, and your mouth to the proper area of the brain for processing. As a stereo uses metal wires, your body uses living wires known as nerves, constructed of individual neurons. Those that connect the sense orga ...
Neural Coding and Auditory Perception
... Spatio-temporal representation of the pitch of complex tones We have previously shown that the spatio-temporal pattern of auditory nerve (AN) fibers contains robust cues to the pitch of complex tones [2]. To investigate whether these cues are extracted centrally, we are evaluating whether cochlear n ...
... Spatio-temporal representation of the pitch of complex tones We have previously shown that the spatio-temporal pattern of auditory nerve (AN) fibers contains robust cues to the pitch of complex tones [2]. To investigate whether these cues are extracted centrally, we are evaluating whether cochlear n ...
PDF
... what we might call soft and hard switching. Due the existence of a threshold for action potential generation, hard switching can be accomplished by strong inhibition. In other words, a neuron can be switched from a responsive to a nonresponsive state by hyperpolarizing it below threshold so it canno ...
... what we might call soft and hard switching. Due the existence of a threshold for action potential generation, hard switching can be accomplished by strong inhibition. In other words, a neuron can be switched from a responsive to a nonresponsive state by hyperpolarizing it below threshold so it canno ...
Objective cortical evaluation of infants wearing hearing aids Harvey
... of life is critical if implantation is to be both early and appropriate. An infant’s ability to detect speech can be estimated by measuring the cortical potentials evoked by speech sounds at conversational levels in the free field while the infant wears hearing aids or cochlear implant(s). The prese ...
... of life is critical if implantation is to be both early and appropriate. An infant’s ability to detect speech can be estimated by measuring the cortical potentials evoked by speech sounds at conversational levels in the free field while the infant wears hearing aids or cochlear implant(s). The prese ...
2320Lecture20
... – changes accompanied by full-field transients are hard to detect • e.g. change blindness • orienting mechanism is blinded by the transient ...
... – changes accompanied by full-field transients are hard to detect • e.g. change blindness • orienting mechanism is blinded by the transient ...
Slide ()
... The axons of retinal ganglion cells grow to the optic tectum in discrete steps. Two neurons that carry information from the nasal half of the retina are shown. The axon of one crosses the optic chiasm to reach the contralateral optic tectum. The axon of the other also crosses the optic chiasm but pr ...
... The axons of retinal ganglion cells grow to the optic tectum in discrete steps. Two neurons that carry information from the nasal half of the retina are shown. The axon of one crosses the optic chiasm to reach the contralateral optic tectum. The axon of the other also crosses the optic chiasm but pr ...
Slide 1
... Training curve for 100 restaurant examples converges to a perfect fit to the training data ...
... Training curve for 100 restaurant examples converges to a perfect fit to the training data ...
Nerve Cells and Insect Behavior—Studies on Crickets1 This report
... SYNOPSIS. Intraspecific acoustic communication during pair formation in crickets provides excellent material for neuroethological research. It permits analysis of a distinct behavior at its neuronal level. This top-down approach considers first the behavior in quantitative terms, then searches for i ...
... SYNOPSIS. Intraspecific acoustic communication during pair formation in crickets provides excellent material for neuroethological research. It permits analysis of a distinct behavior at its neuronal level. This top-down approach considers first the behavior in quantitative terms, then searches for i ...
An oscillation-based model for the neuronal basis
... field of a V4 neuron selective for red, the neuron will respond vigorously if the monkey attends to the red stimulus, but respond much less if the monkey is attending to the green stimulus. The stimulus is identical in both cases (a red and a green bar); the difference is only in the internal state ...
... field of a V4 neuron selective for red, the neuron will respond vigorously if the monkey attends to the red stimulus, but respond much less if the monkey is attending to the green stimulus. The stimulus is identical in both cases (a red and a green bar); the difference is only in the internal state ...
How and Why Brains Create Meaning from Sensory Information
... Semantics is the essence of human communication. It concerns the manufacture and use of symbols as representations to exchange meanings. Information technology is faced with the problem of using intelligent machines as intermediaries for interpersonal communication. The problem of designing such sem ...
... Semantics is the essence of human communication. It concerns the manufacture and use of symbols as representations to exchange meanings. Information technology is faced with the problem of using intelligent machines as intermediaries for interpersonal communication. The problem of designing such sem ...
Habituation, sensitization and Pavlovian conditioning
... used US which supports conditioned approach or discrimination via its gustatory or nutritive properties. In aversive conditioning, the US is most often a pain inflicting stimulus (e.g., heat or electric shock) that is delivered via the tactile domain. In contrast, the CS’s consist of distal inputs f ...
... used US which supports conditioned approach or discrimination via its gustatory or nutritive properties. In aversive conditioning, the US is most often a pain inflicting stimulus (e.g., heat or electric shock) that is delivered via the tactile domain. In contrast, the CS’s consist of distal inputs f ...
Limitations of Neural Map Topography for Decoding Spatial
... can perform face recognition without requiring that neighboring pixels in its camera be connected to neighboring positions on its circuit board. Organisms could still be using topographic relationships for decoding, but it remains unclear for most biological systems whether the accuracy of such deco ...
... can perform face recognition without requiring that neighboring pixels in its camera be connected to neighboring positions on its circuit board. Organisms could still be using topographic relationships for decoding, but it remains unclear for most biological systems whether the accuracy of such deco ...
Peripheral Nervous System - cK-12
... fight or flight (Figure 1.7). For example, it increases the heart rate and the flow of blood to the legs, so you can run away from danger. 2. The parasympathetic division controls internal organs and glands during the rest of the time. It controls processes like digestion, heartbeat, and breathing w ...
... fight or flight (Figure 1.7). For example, it increases the heart rate and the flow of blood to the legs, so you can run away from danger. 2. The parasympathetic division controls internal organs and glands during the rest of the time. It controls processes like digestion, heartbeat, and breathing w ...
The polyvagal theory: phylogenetic substrates of
... a phylogenetic stage ŽPorges, 1997, 1998.. Although research has demonstrated the relevance of neuroanatomical structures and neurophysiological processes to the expression of emotion and the regulation of social behavior, contemporary theories have not incorporated an ‘evolution’ perspective. 2. Ev ...
... a phylogenetic stage ŽPorges, 1997, 1998.. Although research has demonstrated the relevance of neuroanatomical structures and neurophysiological processes to the expression of emotion and the regulation of social behavior, contemporary theories have not incorporated an ‘evolution’ perspective. 2. Ev ...
The polyvagal theory: phylogenetic substrates of a
... global stages, each with an associated behavioral strategy. The first stage is characterized by a primitive unmyelinated visceral vagus that fosters digestion and responds to threat by depressing metabolic activity. Behaviorally, the first stage is associated with immobilization behaviors. The secon ...
... global stages, each with an associated behavioral strategy. The first stage is characterized by a primitive unmyelinated visceral vagus that fosters digestion and responds to threat by depressing metabolic activity. Behaviorally, the first stage is associated with immobilization behaviors. The secon ...
Neural ensemble coding and statistical periodicity: Speculations on
... respectively, the values of x at times t and t+ 1. This map is referred to as the tent map because of its graphical appearance [98]. The variable x could be taken to represent, for example, the instantaneous neural firing rate or the inter-spike interval. Models of the nervous system in which time i ...
... respectively, the values of x at times t and t+ 1. This map is referred to as the tent map because of its graphical appearance [98]. The variable x could be taken to represent, for example, the instantaneous neural firing rate or the inter-spike interval. Models of the nervous system in which time i ...
Neuroethology
Neuroethology is the evolutionary and comparative approach to the study of animal behavior and its underlying mechanistic control by the nervous system. This interdisciplinary branch of behavioral neuroscience endeavors to understand how the central nervous system translates biologically relevant stimuli into natural behavior. For example, many bats are capable of echolocation which is used for prey capture and navigation. The auditory system of bats is often cited as an example for how acoustic properties of sounds can be converted into a sensory map of behaviorally relevant features of sounds. Neuroethologists hope to uncover general principles of the nervous system from the study of animals with exaggerated or specialized behaviors.As its name implies, neuroethology is a multidisciplinary field composed of neurobiology (the study of the nervous system) and ethology (the study of behavior in natural conditions). A central theme of the field of neuroethology, delineating it from other branches of neuroscience, is this focus on natural behavior. Natural behaviors may be thought of as those behaviors generated through means of natural selection (i.e. finding mates, navigation, locomotion, predator avoidance) rather than behaviors in disease states, or behavioral tasks that are particular to the laboratory.