Reading Notes 11
... Upon reaching the postsynaptic membrane, the neurotransmitters bind to specific receptor _______________ in this membrane. ...
... Upon reaching the postsynaptic membrane, the neurotransmitters bind to specific receptor _______________ in this membrane. ...
Studying the concepts pg 344 1-7 Motor neurons are located in the
... Motor neurons are located in the central nervous system (CNS) they project their axons outside the CNS and directly or indirectly control muscles. A typical neuron is divided into three parts: the soma or cell body, dendrites, and axon. The soma is usually compact; the axon and dendrites are filamen ...
... Motor neurons are located in the central nervous system (CNS) they project their axons outside the CNS and directly or indirectly control muscles. A typical neuron is divided into three parts: the soma or cell body, dendrites, and axon. The soma is usually compact; the axon and dendrites are filamen ...
Action Potentials
... – cell soma swells, ER breaks up and some cells die • Axon stump puts out several sprouts • _____________________________ _____________________________ – schwann cells produce nerve growth factors ...
... – cell soma swells, ER breaks up and some cells die • Axon stump puts out several sprouts • _____________________________ _____________________________ – schwann cells produce nerve growth factors ...
Document
... Cell body integrates the information that arrives at its dendrites. – triggers impulses that are conducted away from the cell body along an axon Neurons are supported structurally and functionally by supporting cells (neuroglia). – Schwann cells – oligodendrocytes produce myelin sheath interrupt ...
... Cell body integrates the information that arrives at its dendrites. – triggers impulses that are conducted away from the cell body along an axon Neurons are supported structurally and functionally by supporting cells (neuroglia). – Schwann cells – oligodendrocytes produce myelin sheath interrupt ...
doc Behavioural_Neuroscience_Jan_11
... How the movement of ions creates electrical charges: A ion is a charged molecule. Cations are positive, and anions are negative. (e.g. NaCl = Na+ cation; Cl! anion). Forces of diffusion move ions from high concentration to low concentrations Electrostatic pressure refers to the attractive or ...
... How the movement of ions creates electrical charges: A ion is a charged molecule. Cations are positive, and anions are negative. (e.g. NaCl = Na+ cation; Cl! anion). Forces of diffusion move ions from high concentration to low concentrations Electrostatic pressure refers to the attractive or ...
Neurons, Synapses, the Nervous System
... Action potentials are the signals conducted by axons. An action potential (nerve impulse) is an all-or-none response to depolarization of the nerve cell. A stimulus opens voltage-gated sodium channels and Na+ ions enter the cell, bringing the membrane potential to a positive value. In order to gener ...
... Action potentials are the signals conducted by axons. An action potential (nerve impulse) is an all-or-none response to depolarization of the nerve cell. A stimulus opens voltage-gated sodium channels and Na+ ions enter the cell, bringing the membrane potential to a positive value. In order to gener ...
Module 4 Neural and Hormonal Systems
... Neuron stimulation causes a brief change in electrical charge. If strong enough, this produces depolarization and an action potential. This depolarization produces another action potential a little farther along the axon. Gates in this neighbouring area are now open, and sodium ions rush in. The sod ...
... Neuron stimulation causes a brief change in electrical charge. If strong enough, this produces depolarization and an action potential. This depolarization produces another action potential a little farther along the axon. Gates in this neighbouring area are now open, and sodium ions rush in. The sod ...
Differential Permeability of the Membrane
... travels along an axon at a constant strength, no matter how far it must travel. It is slower then a straight electrical impulse, but has the advantage of maintaining it’s strength no matter how far it must travel. ...
... travels along an axon at a constant strength, no matter how far it must travel. It is slower then a straight electrical impulse, but has the advantage of maintaining it’s strength no matter how far it must travel. ...
Structure and Physiology of Neurons
... – Dendrite (conducts electrical current towards cell body) – Cell body – Axon (conducts electrical current away from cell body) ...
... – Dendrite (conducts electrical current towards cell body) – Cell body – Axon (conducts electrical current away from cell body) ...
The Nervous System The Nervous System Nervous System
... • Slow opening of voltagegated K+ channels – reach peak K+ permeability as Na+ channels close ...
... • Slow opening of voltagegated K+ channels – reach peak K+ permeability as Na+ channels close ...
Neurophysiology,Dr Sravanti
... same protein can have different configurations, i.e., they can change shape. Receptors are protein molecules that change shape (are activated) by neurotransmitter molecules with a particular shape. ...
... same protein can have different configurations, i.e., they can change shape. Receptors are protein molecules that change shape (are activated) by neurotransmitter molecules with a particular shape. ...
Nervous System
... A brief reversal of membrane potential with a total amplitude of 100 mV Action potentials are only generated by muscle cells and neurons They do not decrease in strength over distance They are the principal means of neural communication An action potential in the axon of a neuron is a nerve impulse ...
... A brief reversal of membrane potential with a total amplitude of 100 mV Action potentials are only generated by muscle cells and neurons They do not decrease in strength over distance They are the principal means of neural communication An action potential in the axon of a neuron is a nerve impulse ...
7. Describe what membrane potential is, and how
... 8. In describing action potential, define resting potential, gated ion channels, hyperpolarization, depolarization, threshold potential, voltage-gated ion channels, and the refractory period. • Action potential the all-or-none change in the membrane potential (voltage) • Resting potential the ...
... 8. In describing action potential, define resting potential, gated ion channels, hyperpolarization, depolarization, threshold potential, voltage-gated ion channels, and the refractory period. • Action potential the all-or-none change in the membrane potential (voltage) • Resting potential the ...
Lab 11-Muscles and nerves, pt 1
... their original sides of the membrane. The action potential begins at one spot on the membrane, but spreads to adjacent areas of the membrane, propagating the message along the length of the cell membrane. After passage of the action potential, there is a brief period, the refractory period, during w ...
... their original sides of the membrane. The action potential begins at one spot on the membrane, but spreads to adjacent areas of the membrane, propagating the message along the length of the cell membrane. After passage of the action potential, there is a brief period, the refractory period, during w ...
Types of neurons
... Na-K pump moves Na and K against their net electrochemical gradients! At rest – net flow of passive Na+ and K+ matched by Na-K pump! – Driven by ATP! – One ATP pumps 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in! – Restores battery - but battery discharges only slowly ...
... Na-K pump moves Na and K against their net electrochemical gradients! At rest – net flow of passive Na+ and K+ matched by Na-K pump! – Driven by ATP! – One ATP pumps 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in! – Restores battery - but battery discharges only slowly ...
The Nerve Impluse
... First the membrane builds up a resting net charge of -70 mV. It does this by transporting Na+ ions out of the cell, and K+ into the cell. This sets up a concentration gradient. K+ ions then move down this gradient by flowing to the outside. That creates more positives outside than in. Some Na+ charg ...
... First the membrane builds up a resting net charge of -70 mV. It does this by transporting Na+ ions out of the cell, and K+ into the cell. This sets up a concentration gradient. K+ ions then move down this gradient by flowing to the outside. That creates more positives outside than in. Some Na+ charg ...
P416 COMPARATIVE ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
... – If depolarizing graded potential is strong enough to reach threshold generates action potential in postsynaptic cell ...
... – If depolarizing graded potential is strong enough to reach threshold generates action potential in postsynaptic cell ...
BOX 5.2 GOLDMAN-HODGKIN-KATZ EQUATION An equation
... An equation developed by Goldman and later used by Alan Hodgkin and Bernard Katz describes the steady-state membrane potential for a given set of ionic concentrations inside and outside the cell and the relative permeabilities of the membrane to each of those ions: ...
... An equation developed by Goldman and later used by Alan Hodgkin and Bernard Katz describes the steady-state membrane potential for a given set of ionic concentrations inside and outside the cell and the relative permeabilities of the membrane to each of those ions: ...
Lect5
... Refractory Period 1. A second stimulus very soon after the first will not fire an AP (Absolute) 2. With a delay, a second stronger stimulus will cause a small AP (Relative) 3. With longer delay a second AP can be fired ...
... Refractory Period 1. A second stimulus very soon after the first will not fire an AP (Absolute) 2. With a delay, a second stronger stimulus will cause a small AP (Relative) 3. With longer delay a second AP can be fired ...
AP Chap 48 Nervous System AP
... • Cell body which contains the nucleus and organelles and numerous extensions • Dendrites receive signals • Axon longer, transmits signals • Ends of axons end in synaptic terminals which release neurotransmitters across a synapse • Glial cells nourish and support the neurons ...
... • Cell body which contains the nucleus and organelles and numerous extensions • Dendrites receive signals • Axon longer, transmits signals • Ends of axons end in synaptic terminals which release neurotransmitters across a synapse • Glial cells nourish and support the neurons ...
9.2 - 4ubiology
... [5] K+ ions diffuse out of the neurone down the electrochemical diffusion gradient, so making the inside of the neuron less positive (= more negative) again: this is repolarization and the neuron has become repolarized ...
... [5] K+ ions diffuse out of the neurone down the electrochemical diffusion gradient, so making the inside of the neuron less positive (= more negative) again: this is repolarization and the neuron has become repolarized ...
Biology 30: Unit A - County Central High School
... More K+ is leaving the cell than Na+ entering which gives the membrane a more positive charge outside and a more ...
... More K+ is leaving the cell than Na+ entering which gives the membrane a more positive charge outside and a more ...
File - Mr. Haan`s Science
... a) Comes off cell body at the axon hillock b) Terminal branches – end of axon where it splits (10,000x not uncommon) c) Synaptic knob (axon terminals) – end of terminal ...
... a) Comes off cell body at the axon hillock b) Terminal branches – end of axon where it splits (10,000x not uncommon) c) Synaptic knob (axon terminals) – end of terminal ...
Neuroscience 3b – The Action Potential
... Only a small number of ions cross causing a 0.1% concentration change. The current that is initiated induces depolarisation in the part of the axon just after (adjacent) to it. Just behind the action potential, the region returns to resting potential with the help of the Na+/K+ ion pump. 9. List two ...
... Only a small number of ions cross causing a 0.1% concentration change. The current that is initiated induces depolarisation in the part of the axon just after (adjacent) to it. Just behind the action potential, the region returns to resting potential with the help of the Na+/K+ ion pump. 9. List two ...
Action potential
In physiology, an action potential is a short-lasting event in which the electrical membrane potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls, following a consistent trajectory. Action potentials occur in several types of animal cells, called excitable cells, which include neurons, muscle cells, and endocrine cells, as well as in some plant cells. In neurons, they play a central role in cell-to-cell communication. In other types of cells, their main function is to activate intracellular processes. In muscle cells, for example, an action potential is the first step in the chain of events leading to contraction. In beta cells of the pancreas, they provoke release of insulin. Action potentials in neurons are also known as ""nerve impulses"" or ""spikes"", and the temporal sequence of action potentials generated by a neuron is called its ""spike train"". A neuron that emits an action potential is often said to ""fire"".Action potentials are generated by special types of voltage-gated ion channels embedded in a cell's plasma membrane. These channels are shut when the membrane potential is near the resting potential of the cell, but they rapidly begin to open if the membrane potential increases to a precisely defined threshold value. When the channels open (in response to depolarization in transmembrane voltage), they allow an inward flow of sodium ions, which changes the electrochemical gradient, which in turn produces a further rise in the membrane potential. This then causes more channels to open, producing a greater electric current across the cell membrane, and so on. The process proceeds explosively until all of the available ion channels are open, resulting in a large upswing in the membrane potential. The rapid influx of sodium ions causes the polarity of the plasma membrane to reverse, and the ion channels then rapidly inactivate. As the sodium channels close, sodium ions can no longer enter the neuron, and then they are actively transported back out of the plasma membrane. Potassium channels are then activated, and there is an outward current of potassium ions, returning the electrochemical gradient to the resting state. After an action potential has occurred, there is a transient negative shift, called the afterhyperpolarization or refractory period, due to additional potassium currents. This mechanism prevents an action potential from traveling back the way it just came.In animal cells, there are two primary types of action potentials. One type is generated by voltage-gated sodium channels, the other by voltage-gated calcium channels. Sodium-based action potentials usually last for under one millisecond, whereas calcium-based action potentials may last for 100 milliseconds or longer. In some types of neurons, slow calcium spikes provide the driving force for a long burst of rapidly emitted sodium spikes. In cardiac muscle cells, on the other hand, an initial fast sodium spike provides a ""primer"" to provoke the rapid onset of a calcium spike, which then produces muscle contraction.