Neuron Production, Neuron Number, and Structure Size Are
... the total number of neurons in the hippocampus did not. These results were interpreted as evidence for neuronal replacement. Because more neurons were incorporated into the HF in the fall, but the total number of HF neurons did not increase, other neurons must have been lost in order for neuron numb ...
... the total number of neurons in the hippocampus did not. These results were interpreted as evidence for neuronal replacement. Because more neurons were incorporated into the HF in the fall, but the total number of HF neurons did not increase, other neurons must have been lost in order for neuron numb ...
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... 40mV is the value of threshold at rest and 5 ms. (note that half-wave where rectification can be discarded here because V is always above EL, as there are only excitatory synapses). This equation ensures that the neuron is always in a fluctuation-driven regime where it is sensitive to coincidences ( ...
... 40mV is the value of threshold at rest and 5 ms. (note that half-wave where rectification can be discarded here because V is always above EL, as there are only excitatory synapses). This equation ensures that the neuron is always in a fluctuation-driven regime where it is sensitive to coincidences ( ...
Pre- or postsynaptic distribution of distinct endocannabinoid
... synapses (Katona & Freund, 2008). Upon excess presynaptic activity, it is released from the postsynaptic neuron, passes the synaptic cleft and activates presynaptic CB1 receptors, leading to the reduction of further neurotransmitter release from the axon terminals (Wilson & Nicoll, 2002). Variations ...
... synapses (Katona & Freund, 2008). Upon excess presynaptic activity, it is released from the postsynaptic neuron, passes the synaptic cleft and activates presynaptic CB1 receptors, leading to the reduction of further neurotransmitter release from the axon terminals (Wilson & Nicoll, 2002). Variations ...
Table of Contents - The Mind Project
... In addition to role-playing and being able to collect data to interpret, this virtual lab, allows students to see how the research process works, on a bigger, grander scale. Students learn that there is a cellular phenomenon that scientists do not understand. Data show that Parkinson’s patients have ...
... In addition to role-playing and being able to collect data to interpret, this virtual lab, allows students to see how the research process works, on a bigger, grander scale. Students learn that there is a cellular phenomenon that scientists do not understand. Data show that Parkinson’s patients have ...
A neuronal network model of primary visual cortex explains spatial
... architecture of V1, we assume that there is a similar pinwheel structure in layer 4C (McLaughlin et al. 2000; Tao et al. 2004). We built a pinwheel structure into the model by tying the preferred orientation angle of the LGN input to a given 4C neuron to the neuron’s location in the layer with respe ...
... architecture of V1, we assume that there is a similar pinwheel structure in layer 4C (McLaughlin et al. 2000; Tao et al. 2004). We built a pinwheel structure into the model by tying the preferred orientation angle of the LGN input to a given 4C neuron to the neuron’s location in the layer with respe ...
REVIEW
... evidence that both of these systems may play important roles in reproductive processes in a number of species, including humans.5±7 The potential role of a human vomeronasal organ (if present) in the detection of and responses to pheromones as well as the utilization of the olfactory system in phero ...
... evidence that both of these systems may play important roles in reproductive processes in a number of species, including humans.5±7 The potential role of a human vomeronasal organ (if present) in the detection of and responses to pheromones as well as the utilization of the olfactory system in phero ...
Lecture VIII. Spinal Cord
... This is the direct connection from the cerebral cortex for control of fine movements in the face and distal extremities, e.g., buttoning a jacket or ...
... This is the direct connection from the cerebral cortex for control of fine movements in the face and distal extremities, e.g., buttoning a jacket or ...
A behavioral switch: cGMP and PKC signaling in olfactory neurons
... the anatomical or physiological pathways for behavioral preference are largely undefined. At one extreme, there could be a complete labeled-line segregation of sensory projections, as proposed in Drosophila, where sweet and bitter taste fibers project to different target regions in the brain (Thorne ...
... the anatomical or physiological pathways for behavioral preference are largely undefined. At one extreme, there could be a complete labeled-line segregation of sensory projections, as proposed in Drosophila, where sweet and bitter taste fibers project to different target regions in the brain (Thorne ...
Chapter 45: Sensory Systems
... Photoreceptors and Visual Systems: Responding to Light • The vertebrate retina is a dense array of neurons lining the back of the eyeball. • It consists of five layers of cells. • The outermost layer consists of rods and cones. • The innermost layer consists of ganglion cells, which send their axons ...
... Photoreceptors and Visual Systems: Responding to Light • The vertebrate retina is a dense array of neurons lining the back of the eyeball. • It consists of five layers of cells. • The outermost layer consists of rods and cones. • The innermost layer consists of ganglion cells, which send their axons ...
EUGENE GARFIELD
... 1976, authored three books (with nearly 7(M3 scientific works referencing them) on aspects of neural scienee and neurobiology. Since 1968, when his first review article was published, Kandel’s reviews have had a significant intluenee on the field of neurobiology. (Table 1 is a list of his most-cited ...
... 1976, authored three books (with nearly 7(M3 scientific works referencing them) on aspects of neural scienee and neurobiology. Since 1968, when his first review article was published, Kandel’s reviews have had a significant intluenee on the field of neurobiology. (Table 1 is a list of his most-cited ...
Segregated cholinergic transmission in the ventral tegmental area
... between PPN and LDT effects were observed: whereas LDT axon stimulation decreased the ratio of spikes outside bursts to spikes inside bursts (decreasing the burst entropy) in the majority of cases, PPN stimulation tended to produce the opposite effect, disrupting the burst organization (Fig. 5e). Th ...
... between PPN and LDT effects were observed: whereas LDT axon stimulation decreased the ratio of spikes outside bursts to spikes inside bursts (decreasing the burst entropy) in the majority of cases, PPN stimulation tended to produce the opposite effect, disrupting the burst organization (Fig. 5e). Th ...
Synaptic and extrasynaptic traces of long-term memory
... However, it is now also clear that the synapses are not permanent; in fact, synaptic patterns undergo significant change in a matter of hours. This means that to implement the long survival of distant memories (for several decades in humans), the brain must possess a molecular backup mechanism in so ...
... However, it is now also clear that the synapses are not permanent; in fact, synaptic patterns undergo significant change in a matter of hours. This means that to implement the long survival of distant memories (for several decades in humans), the brain must possess a molecular backup mechanism in so ...
as a PDF
... including the paraventricular nucleus and lateral hypothalamic area. Neurons located in these “downstream” areas process input from the ARC and appear to play a key role to transduce this input into feeding and metabolic responses (1). Some ARC neurons also project directly to the spinal cord, where ...
... including the paraventricular nucleus and lateral hypothalamic area. Neurons located in these “downstream” areas process input from the ARC and appear to play a key role to transduce this input into feeding and metabolic responses (1). Some ARC neurons also project directly to the spinal cord, where ...
Hindbrain catecholamine neurons mediate
... Keywords: Norepinephrine; Epinephrine; Anti-dopamine-h-hydroxylase – saporin; Food intake; Glucoprivation; Hypoglycemia; Mercaptoacetate ...
... Keywords: Norepinephrine; Epinephrine; Anti-dopamine-h-hydroxylase – saporin; Food intake; Glucoprivation; Hypoglycemia; Mercaptoacetate ...
Lecture 2: The Spinal Cord
... 1. Three parts: midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata (from superior to inferior) 2. Position: spinal cord---diencephalon--cerebellum ...
... 1. Three parts: midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata (from superior to inferior) 2. Position: spinal cord---diencephalon--cerebellum ...
Stem cell factor induces outgrowth of c-kit-positive
... stained with ACK2 mAb (Fig. 2B). In contrast, when DRGs were cultured in the absence of rmSCF, most outgrowing neurites remained within the area of fibroblast-like cells (Fig. 2C). None of outgrowing neurites were stained with ACK2 mAb (Fig. 2D). The magnitude of neurite outgrowth was dependent on t ...
... stained with ACK2 mAb (Fig. 2B). In contrast, when DRGs were cultured in the absence of rmSCF, most outgrowing neurites remained within the area of fibroblast-like cells (Fig. 2C). None of outgrowing neurites were stained with ACK2 mAb (Fig. 2D). The magnitude of neurite outgrowth was dependent on t ...
embryonic development of the leech nervous system
... comments on the manuscript. * To whom correspondence should be addressed, at Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305. ...
... comments on the manuscript. * To whom correspondence should be addressed, at Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305. ...
Functionally complex muscles of the cat hindlimb
... branches into parallel longitudinal columns that terminate in a distributed insertion at the knee with a continuous range of m o m e n t arms. Thus, SA m a y be controlled by a discrete n u m b e r of m o t o n e u r o n task groups reflecting a small n u m b e r o f central c o m m a n d signals or ...
... branches into parallel longitudinal columns that terminate in a distributed insertion at the knee with a continuous range of m o m e n t arms. Thus, SA m a y be controlled by a discrete n u m b e r of m o t o n e u r o n task groups reflecting a small n u m b e r o f central c o m m a n d signals or ...
Catastrophic Forgetting in Connectionist Networks: Causes
... emerge directly from the architecture to avoid the problem. Predictably, in all cases, this reduces catastrophic interference. Arguably, the two most interesting examples in this latter group are CALM28 and ALCOVE29, 30. CALM28 is an explicitly modular connectionist architecture. A CALM network is m ...
... emerge directly from the architecture to avoid the problem. Predictably, in all cases, this reduces catastrophic interference. Arguably, the two most interesting examples in this latter group are CALM28 and ALCOVE29, 30. CALM28 is an explicitly modular connectionist architecture. A CALM network is m ...