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The Nervous System
The Nervous System

...  9b.Students know how the nervous system mediates communication between different parts of the body and the body’s interactions with the environment.  9d.Students know the functions of the nervous system and the role of neurons in transmitting electrochemical impulses.  9e.Students know the roles ...
reflex
reflex

REFLEX ARC A Reflex arc is the neural pathway that mediates a
REFLEX ARC A Reflex arc is the neural pathway that mediates a

... A Reflex arc is the neural pathway that mediates a reflex action. In higher animals, most sensory neurons do not pass directly into the brain, but synapse in the spinal cord. This characteristic allows reflex actions to occur relatively quickly by activating spinal motor neurons without the delay of ...
Motor system basics
Motor system basics

... Voluntary control Cortico-spinal and Rubro-spinal pathways (lateral motor system). Fine motor control. ~ 1 Million fibers originating in: • Primary motor cortex (one third) • Premotor cortex (one third) • Somatosensory cortex (one third) ...
Activity Overview - Teacher Enrichment Initiatives
Activity Overview - Teacher Enrichment Initiatives

... The brain, like all organs of the body, is made up of cells. The brain is made of many types of cells. In Activity 1C, students learned about three types of cells found in the nervous system. These cells are – neurons, glial cells, and microglial cells (a specialized type of macrophage cell). In thi ...
Nerve tissue for stu..
Nerve tissue for stu..

... Substances required in the axon and dendrites are synthesized in the cell body and need transport to their destination. AXONAL TRANSPORT – with the help of microtubules, mitochondria (energy) ...
autonomic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

... exit the CNS from the brain stem and sacral regions of the spinal cord • Parasympathetic ganglia lie within or very close to the effector organs that the postganglionic neurons innervate ...
2016-2017_1stSemester_Exam1_050117_final_solution
2016-2017_1stSemester_Exam1_050117_final_solution

PETER SOMOGYI University of Oxford, United Kingdom Peter
PETER SOMOGYI University of Oxford, United Kingdom Peter

... Somogyi contributed to the identification of cell types in the cerebral cortex and for the localization of signalling molecules in identified synapses of microcircuits in the brain. He pioneered the high-resolutions synaptic dissection of connections in the cerebral cortex defining synaptic links an ...
Chapter 45 Central Nervous System BRain
Chapter 45 Central Nervous System BRain

... – Transmit information away from the CNS ...
Sten Grillner
Sten Grillner

... belt, with the belt speed set on low, the two limbs generated alternating locomotor movements. But when the speed was increased, the coordination of the limbs changed to in phase locomotor movements like in a gallop. This thus demonstrated that the two basic modes of coordination could be generated ...
Two Point Discrimination Lab
Two Point Discrimination Lab

Bio70 Psychobiology Fall 2006 First Midterm October 12 Version A
Bio70 Psychobiology Fall 2006 First Midterm October 12 Version A

... 34. A certain drug user experiences intensified sensations and the illusion that time is passing slowly. He also experiences problems with attention and memory. These symptoms are most characteristic of the use of which drug? a. LSD b. cocaine ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... • Is expanded area of axon • Contains synaptic vesicles of neurotransmitters – Chemical messengers – Released at presynaptic membrane – Affect receptors of postsynaptic membrane ...
The Mechanical Senses: Vestibular and Somatosensation
The Mechanical Senses: Vestibular and Somatosensation

... For this course, don’t worry about the different pathways to the brain for the different types of sensory neurons, although I will show the pain pathways. ...
2016-2017_1stSemester_Exam2_180117_final
2016-2017_1stSemester_Exam2_180117_final

... The most abundant neurotransmitter in the brain is the _________________________________________ . It is a building block of all proteins, but a high affinity transport system is required to get it through the ____ _____________________________________, thereby its concentration in brain fluids is a ...
Abstract
Abstract

... throughout the brain. Intriguingly, the mice lacking prepro-orexin gene showed behavioral characteristics similar to human sleep disorder “Narcolepsy”, that is a fragmentation of sleep/wakefulness and sudden muscle weakness. Human clinical studies also showed that orexin neurons are specifically abl ...
Document
Document

An octopaminergic system in the CNS of the snails, Lymnaea
An octopaminergic system in the CNS of the snails, Lymnaea

... In the central nervous system a pair of buccal neurons was identified by electrophysiological and morphological criteria. After double labelling (intracellular staining with Lucifer yellow followed by octopamine-immunocytochemistry) these neurons were shown to be octopamine immunoreactive and called ...
Using the State-Space Paradigm to Analyze Information Representation in Neural Systems
Using the State-Space Paradigm to Analyze Information Representation in Neural Systems

... point process nature of neural encoding. The advent in the last 10 years of the capability to record with multiple electrode arrays the simultaneous spiking activity of many neurons (¿100) has made it possible to study information encoding by ensembles rather than by simply single neurons. Hence, an ...
Current Opinion in Neurobiology - Sensory systems
Current Opinion in Neurobiology - Sensory systems

... his field of neuroethology, but it applies equally well to sensory physiology. (His other three questions, also about mechanism, concerned ontogeny, phylogeny and adaptation, which also apply well to issues reviewed here, like coding, learning, and choice.) The measurements and the associated theore ...
Mind, Brain & Behavior
Mind, Brain & Behavior

... Different species of animals rely on different parts of the body for information and thus have different sensory maps. ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... 9b.Students know how the nervous system mediates communication between different parts of the body and the body’s interactions with the environment. 9d.Students know the functions of the nervous system and the role of neurons in transmitting electrochemical impulses. 9e.Students know the roles of se ...
Chapter 40
Chapter 40

control of movement by the CNS - motor neurons found in anterior
control of movement by the CNS - motor neurons found in anterior

... - reflexes vs. central pattern generation opposing reflexes can create alternating action through sensory feedback eg. 1914 “Reciprocal inhibition underlies rhythmic behaviour of walking -- sensory basis of reflexes underlies rhythmic movements” CPG creates ocillation without sensory feedback eg. 19 ...
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Central pattern generator

Central pattern generators (CPGs) are biological neural networks that produce rhythmic patterned outputs without sensory feedback. CPGs have been shown to produce rhythmic outputs resembling normal ""rhythmic motor pattern production"" even in isolation from motor and sensory feedback from limbs and other muscle targets. To be classified as a rhythmic generator, a CPG requires:1. ""two or more processes that interact such that each process sequentially increases and decreases, and 2. that, as a result of this interaction, the system repeatedly returns to its starting condition.
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