PDF - Center for Neural Science
... Pandya, 2002): at the top of the cortical hierarchy, the PFC is well situated for representational processing of the highest order; and its extensive input-output connections with the rest of the brain allow the PFC to combine information from various sensory, motor, and limbic areas, provide a top- ...
... Pandya, 2002): at the top of the cortical hierarchy, the PFC is well situated for representational processing of the highest order; and its extensive input-output connections with the rest of the brain allow the PFC to combine information from various sensory, motor, and limbic areas, provide a top- ...
Motor System & Behavior
... usually silent because they require strong input signals to fire an action potential. The inputs are not only from the cortex, but also from the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. The striatum’s dopamine receptors are both of excitatory D1 and inhibitory D2 types, which sele ...
... usually silent because they require strong input signals to fire an action potential. The inputs are not only from the cortex, but also from the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. The striatum’s dopamine receptors are both of excitatory D1 and inhibitory D2 types, which sele ...
2 Brain and Classical Neural Networks
... thinking about them. They are very similar to the unconscious reflex actions, e.g., reaction to pinching, which may not be mediated by the brain, but by the upper part of the spinal column. Various regions of the cerebral cortex are associated with very specific functions. The visual cortex , a region ...
... thinking about them. They are very similar to the unconscious reflex actions, e.g., reaction to pinching, which may not be mediated by the brain, but by the upper part of the spinal column. Various regions of the cerebral cortex are associated with very specific functions. The visual cortex , a region ...
Chapter 13: The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes
... The tendon reflex generally prevents skeletal muscles from developing enough tension to tear or break the tendon. The sensory receptors for this reflex are different from muscle spindles or proprioceptors, but have not been specifically identified. Figure 13-17 2. Withdrawal Reflexes Withdrawal refl ...
... The tendon reflex generally prevents skeletal muscles from developing enough tension to tear or break the tendon. The sensory receptors for this reflex are different from muscle spindles or proprioceptors, but have not been specifically identified. Figure 13-17 2. Withdrawal Reflexes Withdrawal refl ...
Central nervous system
... • Consists of all nerves that lie outside the CNS – Somatic nervous system » Sensory and motor functions that control skeletal muscle – Autonomic nervous system » Controls smooth muscle, cardiac, muscle, and gland » Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions ...
... • Consists of all nerves that lie outside the CNS – Somatic nervous system » Sensory and motor functions that control skeletal muscle – Autonomic nervous system » Controls smooth muscle, cardiac, muscle, and gland » Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions ...
Canonical computations of cerebral cortex
... center stimulus yet suppress response to a stronger stimulus [88,89–92] and the summation field size shrinks with increasing stimulus contrast [44,93–100]. Similarly, responses to two stimuli in the receptive field may add linearly or perhaps supralinearly when they are weak but sublinearly when th ...
... center stimulus yet suppress response to a stronger stimulus [88,89–92] and the summation field size shrinks with increasing stimulus contrast [44,93–100]. Similarly, responses to two stimuli in the receptive field may add linearly or perhaps supralinearly when they are weak but sublinearly when th ...
Distribution of Calbindin D28k-like lmmunoreactivity (LI)
... 1985b; Fyffe, 1990), have revealed that these cells are almost invariably located in the ventral portion of lamina VII, medial to the main lateral motor nucleus, but can occasionally also be found within the motor nucleus (Fyffe, 1990). The size of the positive neurons in this study (mean, 23.3 pm) ...
... 1985b; Fyffe, 1990), have revealed that these cells are almost invariably located in the ventral portion of lamina VII, medial to the main lateral motor nucleus, but can occasionally also be found within the motor nucleus (Fyffe, 1990). The size of the positive neurons in this study (mean, 23.3 pm) ...
sensory1
... This 1st order sensory neuron will have a higher frequency of action potentials if the stimulus is in the center if its receptive field. However, this neuron also uses action potential frequency to encode stimulus intensity. Therefore, this neuron would not be very good at encoding the precise locat ...
... This 1st order sensory neuron will have a higher frequency of action potentials if the stimulus is in the center if its receptive field. However, this neuron also uses action potential frequency to encode stimulus intensity. Therefore, this neuron would not be very good at encoding the precise locat ...
BCM Theory
... the post-lesion DCN activity. Therefore, the activity of DCN neurons is controlled by the two components of slow and medium scale modulatory mechanisms (brown and green curves). Note that the DCN activity (blue curve in Figure S3A) has a similar profile to that of the medium scale component (green c ...
... the post-lesion DCN activity. Therefore, the activity of DCN neurons is controlled by the two components of slow and medium scale modulatory mechanisms (brown and green curves). Note that the DCN activity (blue curve in Figure S3A) has a similar profile to that of the medium scale component (green c ...
nervous system
... anterior end called brain. The rest of which is the spinal cord. Generally, invertebrate animals tend to be small and have simple nervous system, whereas vertebrates have highly or well developed nervous system. Especially important is that all vertebrates have a similar basic structure of their ner ...
... anterior end called brain. The rest of which is the spinal cord. Generally, invertebrate animals tend to be small and have simple nervous system, whereas vertebrates have highly or well developed nervous system. Especially important is that all vertebrates have a similar basic structure of their ner ...
Probing forebrain to hindbrain circuit functions in Xenopus
... The vertebrate hindbrain includes neural circuits that govern essential functions including breathing, blood pressure and heart rate. Hindbrain circuits also participate in generating rhythmic motor patterns for vocalization. In most tetrapods, sound production is powered by expiration and the circu ...
... The vertebrate hindbrain includes neural circuits that govern essential functions including breathing, blood pressure and heart rate. Hindbrain circuits also participate in generating rhythmic motor patterns for vocalization. In most tetrapods, sound production is powered by expiration and the circu ...
Probing forebrain to hindbrain circuit functions in
... F I G U R E 3 Initiation and production of vocal motor patterns in X. laevis. (a) The ex vivo brain (Figure 1a) now viewed from the side and illustrating subdivisions (hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain) that include neural circuits participating in initiation of vocal patterns. In an adult male bra ...
... F I G U R E 3 Initiation and production of vocal motor patterns in X. laevis. (a) The ex vivo brain (Figure 1a) now viewed from the side and illustrating subdivisions (hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain) that include neural circuits participating in initiation of vocal patterns. In an adult male bra ...
Sensory Receptors
... continue to ascend without crossing over to the somatosensory area. – As a result Left cerebral hemispheres receive info from the right side Right cerebral hemispheres receive info from the left side ...
... continue to ascend without crossing over to the somatosensory area. – As a result Left cerebral hemispheres receive info from the right side Right cerebral hemispheres receive info from the left side ...
Chapter 6 The peripheral nervous system Unit
... Transmission of nerve impulses The message that travels along a nerve fibre is called a nerve impulse. Nerve impulses are transmitted very quickly so that the body is able to respond rapidly to any change in the internal or external environment. A nerve impulse is an electrochemical change that trav ...
... Transmission of nerve impulses The message that travels along a nerve fibre is called a nerve impulse. Nerve impulses are transmitted very quickly so that the body is able to respond rapidly to any change in the internal or external environment. A nerve impulse is an electrochemical change that trav ...
- Wiley Online Library
... The vertebrate hindbrain includes neural circuits that govern essential functions including breathing, blood pressure and heart rate. Hindbrain circuits also participate in generating rhythmic motor patterns for vocalization. In most tetrapods, sound production is powered by expiration and the circu ...
... The vertebrate hindbrain includes neural circuits that govern essential functions including breathing, blood pressure and heart rate. Hindbrain circuits also participate in generating rhythmic motor patterns for vocalization. In most tetrapods, sound production is powered by expiration and the circu ...
Somatosensory system.
... • Because of their location in the skin and the nature of their specialisations, different encapsulated receptor types have different forms of cutaneous sensitivity • This was first discovered not by looking at receptors themselves but by recording from single CUTANEOUS AFFERENT FIBRES (can be done ...
... • Because of their location in the skin and the nature of their specialisations, different encapsulated receptor types have different forms of cutaneous sensitivity • This was first discovered not by looking at receptors themselves but by recording from single CUTANEOUS AFFERENT FIBRES (can be done ...
Exploration of Variability of Arkypallidal and Prototypical Projections
... The human brain contains neurons, glial cells and blood vessels and is divided into several sections [2]. The basal ganglia, part of the cerebrum and located under the cerebral cortex, has a central role in the voluntary movement and, contradictory to other parts of the motor system, does not direct ...
... The human brain contains neurons, glial cells and blood vessels and is divided into several sections [2]. The basal ganglia, part of the cerebrum and located under the cerebral cortex, has a central role in the voluntary movement and, contradictory to other parts of the motor system, does not direct ...
(1996). "A multi-threshold neural network for frequency estimation,"
... that perceptual information is coded in one or another aspect of the neural ring pattern, such as the spike rate or the distribution of the interspike times, measured across either a single neuron or a population of neurons. However, auditory nerve neurons dier in more than just their characterist ...
... that perceptual information is coded in one or another aspect of the neural ring pattern, such as the spike rate or the distribution of the interspike times, measured across either a single neuron or a population of neurons. However, auditory nerve neurons dier in more than just their characterist ...