Efflux pumps of Gram-negative bacteria: what they do, how they do it
... by preventing the antibiotic from entering the cell. This can be achieved by the control of the outer membrane permeability (decreasing the number of porins that allow the compounds to enter the cell) and/or by the increasing the effectiveness of the efflux (active pumping out) of antibiotics, usuall ...
... by preventing the antibiotic from entering the cell. This can be achieved by the control of the outer membrane permeability (decreasing the number of porins that allow the compounds to enter the cell) and/or by the increasing the effectiveness of the efflux (active pumping out) of antibiotics, usuall ...
Microbes and Food
... • Aceti produces acidic acid from ethanol in the environment. For example, wine is passed through beach wood shavings containing Acertobacter Aceti which converts the wine into acidic acid or vinegar. The type of vinegar one desires depends on the type of wine that is used. Also, when a drop of vine ...
... • Aceti produces acidic acid from ethanol in the environment. For example, wine is passed through beach wood shavings containing Acertobacter Aceti which converts the wine into acidic acid or vinegar. The type of vinegar one desires depends on the type of wine that is used. Also, when a drop of vine ...
PDF - Wiley Online Library
... The phage k model of bacterial lysis The lysis cassette of k comprises four genes, S, R, Rz and Rz1, transcribed from the pR’ late promoter, encoding a total of five proteins (Young, 1992). The S gene has a dual-start motif that allows for translation initiation events at two sites defined by codons ...
... The phage k model of bacterial lysis The lysis cassette of k comprises four genes, S, R, Rz and Rz1, transcribed from the pR’ late promoter, encoding a total of five proteins (Young, 1992). The S gene has a dual-start motif that allows for translation initiation events at two sites defined by codons ...
MicroReview Metal ion homeostasis and intracellular
... TeO32– , Tl þ and Zn 2þ, are well recognized, and their genetic determinants are frequently plasmid borne (Silver and Phung, 1996). Four broad strategies for minimizing toxicity from metal ions are discernible in bacteria. These involve: (i) the ATP-driven efflux pumps comprising the ‘P’-type ATPase ...
... TeO32– , Tl þ and Zn 2þ, are well recognized, and their genetic determinants are frequently plasmid borne (Silver and Phung, 1996). Four broad strategies for minimizing toxicity from metal ions are discernible in bacteria. These involve: (i) the ATP-driven efflux pumps comprising the ‘P’-type ATPase ...
Cultivation of purple phototrophic bacteria using
... The phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris was cultivated in sago starch processing waste water [2]. The sago effluent contains bark and pith residues. This waste is sometimes used as dietary fibre for animal food or it is burned. This waste was photometabolized by Rhodopseudomonas palust ...
... The phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris was cultivated in sago starch processing waste water [2]. The sago effluent contains bark and pith residues. This waste is sometimes used as dietary fibre for animal food or it is burned. This waste was photometabolized by Rhodopseudomonas palust ...
Penicillins
... Nursing alert: always check allergy before administering penicillin. When giving IM, observe patient closely for at least 30 minutes ...
... Nursing alert: always check allergy before administering penicillin. When giving IM, observe patient closely for at least 30 minutes ...
Structure and properties of the outer membranes of Brucella abortus
... cells has been previously reviewed [4], but we discuss here the more relevant aspects. Although the lipid composition depends on medium and age of the culture, it is well known that the major phospholipid in B. abortus and B. melitensis is phosphatidylcholine [37% of the total phospholipid; others a ...
... cells has been previously reviewed [4], but we discuss here the more relevant aspects. Although the lipid composition depends on medium and age of the culture, it is well known that the major phospholipid in B. abortus and B. melitensis is phosphatidylcholine [37% of the total phospholipid; others a ...
Life: The Science of Biology, 8e
... The common ancestor of all three domains had DNA; and its machinery for transcription and translation produced RNA and proteins; the chromosome was probably circular. Archaea and Eukarya share a more recent common ancestor with each other than with Bacteria. ...
... The common ancestor of all three domains had DNA; and its machinery for transcription and translation produced RNA and proteins; the chromosome was probably circular. Archaea and Eukarya share a more recent common ancestor with each other than with Bacteria. ...
Parasitic Pathogens
... – a 2.8 a-linked homopolymer of N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) – chemically and immunologically identical to the group B acidic polysaccharide of Neisseria menigitidis. – masks the underlying structures of the bacterial cell surface, preventing specific antibody responses and the activation o ...
... – a 2.8 a-linked homopolymer of N-acetylneuraminic acid (sialic acid) – chemically and immunologically identical to the group B acidic polysaccharide of Neisseria menigitidis. – masks the underlying structures of the bacterial cell surface, preventing specific antibody responses and the activation o ...
Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) type III
... At least 20 effector proteins are delivered by the SPI-1 T3SS. The mechanism underlying secretion via the T3SS has been an area of controversy for many years. There is still no consensus sequence that describes a universal type III secretion (T3S) signal. An N-terminal secretion signal (NSS) may inv ...
... At least 20 effector proteins are delivered by the SPI-1 T3SS. The mechanism underlying secretion via the T3SS has been an area of controversy for many years. There is still no consensus sequence that describes a universal type III secretion (T3S) signal. An N-terminal secretion signal (NSS) may inv ...
Lesson Working regime of microbiological laboratory. The rules of
... Working regime of microbiological laboratory. The rules of the work in the bacteriological laboratory. Microscopy techniques. Immersion microscopy of bacterial smears. Choose the one correct statement: a – at microscopic examination with immersion objective the latter is immersed into the water whos ...
... Working regime of microbiological laboratory. The rules of the work in the bacteriological laboratory. Microscopy techniques. Immersion microscopy of bacterial smears. Choose the one correct statement: a – at microscopic examination with immersion objective the latter is immersed into the water whos ...
emboj200917-sup-0001
... where dt is a small time-step and Vt-dt and Vt is the total “cell volume” prior and after time-step dt, respectively. To allow comparisons between the simulated growth yields and OD measurements from cell cultures we also need to estimate how the total intracellular concentration [M0] (= [Mf] + [50 ...
... where dt is a small time-step and Vt-dt and Vt is the total “cell volume” prior and after time-step dt, respectively. To allow comparisons between the simulated growth yields and OD measurements from cell cultures we also need to estimate how the total intracellular concentration [M0] (= [Mf] + [50 ...
The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Bacterial
... of Gram-negative bacteria, the prototype of which is the α-hemolysin, HlyA, produced by pathogenic Escherichia coli. These RTX toxins, like HlyA, are able to form pores in the membranes of their eukaryotic target cells, and this membrane-damaging capacity directly contributes to their cytotoxic acti ...
... of Gram-negative bacteria, the prototype of which is the α-hemolysin, HlyA, produced by pathogenic Escherichia coli. These RTX toxins, like HlyA, are able to form pores in the membranes of their eukaryotic target cells, and this membrane-damaging capacity directly contributes to their cytotoxic acti ...
Signal Peptidases
... cleaving signal peptides in bacteria. SPase I can process nonlipoprotein substrates that are exported by the SecYEG pathway or the twin arginine translocation (Tat) pathway. Lipoproteins that are exported by the Sec pathway are cleaved by SPase II. SPase IV cleaves type IV prepilins and prepilin-lik ...
... cleaving signal peptides in bacteria. SPase I can process nonlipoprotein substrates that are exported by the SecYEG pathway or the twin arginine translocation (Tat) pathway. Lipoproteins that are exported by the Sec pathway are cleaved by SPase II. SPase IV cleaves type IV prepilins and prepilin-lik ...
ROR2 Antibody (NT)
... a KLH conjugated synthetic peptide between 19-50 amino acids from the N-terminal region of human ROR2. ...
... a KLH conjugated synthetic peptide between 19-50 amino acids from the N-terminal region of human ROR2. ...
Isolation and Identification of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria from the
... genes transferred between bacteria are R plasmids, plasmids coding for resistance to antibiotics. Veterinary antibiotics are known to play a role in the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria. One of the places where veterinary antibiotics are used is in feedlots. Due to injections with antibi ...
... genes transferred between bacteria are R plasmids, plasmids coding for resistance to antibiotics. Veterinary antibiotics are known to play a role in the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria. One of the places where veterinary antibiotics are used is in feedlots. Due to injections with antibi ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
... Many bacterial factors are known to be involved in the pathogenic mechanism of Acinetobacter.sppinfection. Recent researches on the pathogenicity of Acinetobacterspphave focused on 5 major factors, namely bacterial capsule, fimbriae (pili), serum resistance, LPS, and siderophores [7] The three compo ...
... Many bacterial factors are known to be involved in the pathogenic mechanism of Acinetobacter.sppinfection. Recent researches on the pathogenicity of Acinetobacterspphave focused on 5 major factors, namely bacterial capsule, fimbriae (pili), serum resistance, LPS, and siderophores [7] The three compo ...
using silver nanoparticles to combat harmful bacteria
... without a prescription, essentially self-medicating even when it is unnecessary [1]. This can lead to artificial selection of even more resistant bacteria, worsening the problem. Once a bacterium has an AR gene, there are three main biological mechanisms which allow the bacterium to pass it on to ot ...
... without a prescription, essentially self-medicating even when it is unnecessary [1]. This can lead to artificial selection of even more resistant bacteria, worsening the problem. Once a bacterium has an AR gene, there are three main biological mechanisms which allow the bacterium to pass it on to ot ...
S C T
... acids, isoprenoids or sterols. Lipid-protein assemblies containing these three types of lipids are found in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, while lipidprotein assemblies containing glycosylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol are found only in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. ...
... acids, isoprenoids or sterols. Lipid-protein assemblies containing these three types of lipids are found in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, while lipidprotein assemblies containing glycosylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol are found only in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. ...
Homologous and heterologous reconstitution of Golgi to chloroplast
... reconstitute the transport process. Advantage was taken of the fact that precursors to the cytoplasmically synthesized light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein (pLHCPII) are a group of 110, 122, 161 and 207 kDa polyproteins composed of a pre-sequence and as many as eight mature LHCPII units ...
... reconstitute the transport process. Advantage was taken of the fact that precursors to the cytoplasmically synthesized light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein (pLHCPII) are a group of 110, 122, 161 and 207 kDa polyproteins composed of a pre-sequence and as many as eight mature LHCPII units ...
Homologous and heterologous reconstitution of Golgi to chloroplast
... reconstitute the transport process. Advantage was taken of the fact that precursors to the cytoplasmically synthesized light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein (pLHCPII) are a group of 110, 122, 161 and 207 kDa polyproteins composed of a pre-sequence and as many as eight mature LHCPII units ...
... reconstitute the transport process. Advantage was taken of the fact that precursors to the cytoplasmically synthesized light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein (pLHCPII) are a group of 110, 122, 161 and 207 kDa polyproteins composed of a pre-sequence and as many as eight mature LHCPII units ...
Structure analysis of DNA relaxases, the key enzymes of bacterial
... TraA and 27 % α-helix and 18 % β-sheet content for the truncated protein. Upon DNAbinding an enhanced secondary structure content and increased thermal stability was observed for the TraAN246 protein suggesting an induced-fit mechanism for the formation of the specific relaxase-oriT complex. Both pr ...
... TraA and 27 % α-helix and 18 % β-sheet content for the truncated protein. Upon DNAbinding an enhanced secondary structure content and increased thermal stability was observed for the TraAN246 protein suggesting an induced-fit mechanism for the formation of the specific relaxase-oriT complex. Both pr ...
Lab 4
... chemicals added to it that allow certain bacteria to grow, but inhibit the growth of others. Differential media does not prevent bacteria from growing, but rather contain chemicals that cause a change in the appearance of certain bacteria. Media can be selective, differential, or both. The three typ ...
... chemicals added to it that allow certain bacteria to grow, but inhibit the growth of others. Differential media does not prevent bacteria from growing, but rather contain chemicals that cause a change in the appearance of certain bacteria. Media can be selective, differential, or both. The three typ ...
Friends Foes Bacterial Friends and Foes
... onto meat when the animals are slaughtered.It can also get into milk,and can be found on vegetables which have been fertilised with contaminated cow manure.The organism is killed if food is cooked thoroughly. E.coli 0157:H7 can cause a rare but serious condition known as haemolytic uraemic syndrome ...
... onto meat when the animals are slaughtered.It can also get into milk,and can be found on vegetables which have been fertilised with contaminated cow manure.The organism is killed if food is cooked thoroughly. E.coli 0157:H7 can cause a rare but serious condition known as haemolytic uraemic syndrome ...
Protein degradation in mitochondria
... for the yeast homologue27 which is also termed PIM1 protease.21, 22 The analysis of mitochondrial extracts provided first evidence for the existence of an even larger high molecular mass assembly in vivo.28 Several domains can be distinguished in subunits of Lon-like proteases. They harbour an ATPas ...
... for the yeast homologue27 which is also termed PIM1 protease.21, 22 The analysis of mitochondrial extracts provided first evidence for the existence of an even larger high molecular mass assembly in vivo.28 Several domains can be distinguished in subunits of Lon-like proteases. They harbour an ATPas ...
Trimeric autotransporter adhesin
In molecular biology, trimeric autotransporter adhesins (TAAs), are proteins found on the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Bacteria use TAAs in order to infect their host cells via a process called cell adhesion. TAAs also go by another name, oligomeric coiled-coil adhesins, which is shortened to OCAs. In essence, they are virulence factors, factors that make the bacteria harmful and infective to the host organism.TAAs are just one of many methods bacteria use to infect their hosts, infection resulting in diseases such as pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis. Most bacteria infect their host through a method named the secretion pathway. TAAs are part of the secretion pathway, to be more specific the type Vc secretion system.Trimeric autotransporter adhesins have a unique structure. The structure they hold is crucial to their function. They all appear to have a head-stalk-anchor structure. Each TAA is made up of three identical proteins, hence the name trimeric. Once the membrane anchor has been inserted into the outer membrane, the passenger domain passes through it into the host extracellular environment autonomously, hence the description of autotransporter. The head domain, once assembled, then adheres to an element of the host extracellular matrix, for example, collagen, fibronectin, etc.