Metabolic Pathways a..
... 2 ATP molecules and 2 NADH + 2 H+ Two ATP used in adding phosphate groups to glucose and fructose-6-phosphate (- 2 ATP) Four ATP generated in direct transfer to ADP by two 3C molecules (+ 4 ATP) Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi + 2 NAD+ 2pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H+ ...
... 2 ATP molecules and 2 NADH + 2 H+ Two ATP used in adding phosphate groups to glucose and fructose-6-phosphate (- 2 ATP) Four ATP generated in direct transfer to ADP by two 3C molecules (+ 4 ATP) Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi + 2 NAD+ 2pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H+ ...
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... b. About ½ are made by substrate level phosphorylation and ½ by chemiosmosis c. Most are made by ATP synthase and the rest by substrate level phosphorylation d. Most are made by ATP synthase and the rest by the electron transport chain ...
... b. About ½ are made by substrate level phosphorylation and ½ by chemiosmosis c. Most are made by ATP synthase and the rest by substrate level phosphorylation d. Most are made by ATP synthase and the rest by the electron transport chain ...
Pumping Protons against Gradients into a Plant Vacuole
... vacuole acidic. The pH in a vacuole for higher plants is generally 5.0 - 5.5, but in the lemon fruit it can decrease to 2.5. Accumulated protons create an electrochemical gradient that can serve to drive other transporters to import various molecules into a vacuole for storage or other purposes. As ...
... vacuole acidic. The pH in a vacuole for higher plants is generally 5.0 - 5.5, but in the lemon fruit it can decrease to 2.5. Accumulated protons create an electrochemical gradient that can serve to drive other transporters to import various molecules into a vacuole for storage or other purposes. As ...
ATP
... photosynthesis (glucose) for metabolic fuel Heterotrophs: must take in energy from outside sources, cannot make their own e.g. animals ...
... photosynthesis (glucose) for metabolic fuel Heterotrophs: must take in energy from outside sources, cannot make their own e.g. animals ...
Key area 2 * Cellular respiration
... • ATP comes from the breakdown of food – usually glucose Remember the equation Glucose + Oxygen ---- > ATP + carbon dioxide + water ...
... • ATP comes from the breakdown of food – usually glucose Remember the equation Glucose + Oxygen ---- > ATP + carbon dioxide + water ...
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and other Energy
... to break down NADH and FADH2 give up their electrons to transfer enzyme systems embedded in the membrane, o pumping H+ into the outer compartment of the mitochondria Where: the mitochondria membranes In this reaction, the ETC creates a H+ ion gradient which is used to produce ATP, (quite like in the ...
... to break down NADH and FADH2 give up their electrons to transfer enzyme systems embedded in the membrane, o pumping H+ into the outer compartment of the mitochondria Where: the mitochondria membranes In this reaction, the ETC creates a H+ ion gradient which is used to produce ATP, (quite like in the ...
Ch 4 Jeopardy
... • How many ATP are made in each of the following stages of Cellular Respiration: – Glycolysis – Krebs Cycle – Electron Transport ...
... • How many ATP are made in each of the following stages of Cellular Respiration: – Glycolysis – Krebs Cycle – Electron Transport ...
Microbial Photosynthesis
... • Anoxygenic –Other types of photosynthetic bacteria – Light energy used to create ATP and reduced organic/inorganic compounds to generate reducing power for carbon fixation. Does not release oxygen, does not use water CO2 + 2H2A + light energy -> [CH2O] + 2A + H2O e.g. 2H2S ...
... • Anoxygenic –Other types of photosynthetic bacteria – Light energy used to create ATP and reduced organic/inorganic compounds to generate reducing power for carbon fixation. Does not release oxygen, does not use water CO2 + 2H2A + light energy -> [CH2O] + 2A + H2O e.g. 2H2S ...
Membrane Protein Expression in Cell
... Cell-free expression has emerged as a promising tool for the fast and efficient production of membrane proteins. The rapidly growing number of successfully produced targets in combination with the continuous development of new applications significantly promotes the distribution of this technology. ...
... Cell-free expression has emerged as a promising tool for the fast and efficient production of membrane proteins. The rapidly growing number of successfully produced targets in combination with the continuous development of new applications significantly promotes the distribution of this technology. ...
7-cellular-respiration
... from either the breakdown of starch or glycogen. Other sugars can be used as these can produce glucose or other intermediates. Proteins form amino acids when broken down. Deamination in the liver produces molecules that can be used either in glycolysis or the citric acid cycle as respiratory sub ...
... from either the breakdown of starch or glycogen. Other sugars can be used as these can produce glucose or other intermediates. Proteins form amino acids when broken down. Deamination in the liver produces molecules that can be used either in glycolysis or the citric acid cycle as respiratory sub ...
Cellular Respiration
... Glucose made in photosynthesis by plants or consumed by animals Used in Glycolysis ...
... Glucose made in photosynthesis by plants or consumed by animals Used in Glycolysis ...
Chapter 12. Protein biosynthesis (P215, sP875)
... (A) Signal peptides of secretory proteins. (B) Type III integral membrane proteins with signal-peptide, internal signal-peptide, and stop-transfer sequences. ...
... (A) Signal peptides of secretory proteins. (B) Type III integral membrane proteins with signal-peptide, internal signal-peptide, and stop-transfer sequences. ...
Isolation and Characterization of Cell Wall
... (Table 1). Carotenoids were detected in cell wall (CW I and CW 11) and outer membrane (OM 11) fractions (amounts below 1 % of fraction dry weight). The purified outer membrane fraction (OM 11, Table 1) contained very few peptidoglycan components, due to efficient removal of the peptidoglycan by lyso ...
... (Table 1). Carotenoids were detected in cell wall (CW I and CW 11) and outer membrane (OM 11) fractions (amounts below 1 % of fraction dry weight). The purified outer membrane fraction (OM 11, Table 1) contained very few peptidoglycan components, due to efficient removal of the peptidoglycan by lyso ...
Bio150 Chapter 7
... concentration in the intermembrane space and a low H+ (pH = 8) concentration in the matrix (Chemiosmosis) –this proton gradient becomes the source of energy used by the mitochondria to synthesize ATP, which is released as H+ diffuse from the intermembrane space back into the matrix ...
... concentration in the intermembrane space and a low H+ (pH = 8) concentration in the matrix (Chemiosmosis) –this proton gradient becomes the source of energy used by the mitochondria to synthesize ATP, which is released as H+ diffuse from the intermembrane space back into the matrix ...
Evolution of the Bacterial Flagellum
... and appear to be transmitted to progeny bacbacterial types differ in ways that reflect these two envelope types. teria largely by vertical descent. When the For instance, gram-negative flagella have basal bodies that include an M-ring homologous protein constituents of these systhat interacts with t ...
... and appear to be transmitted to progeny bacbacterial types differ in ways that reflect these two envelope types. teria largely by vertical descent. When the For instance, gram-negative flagella have basal bodies that include an M-ring homologous protein constituents of these systhat interacts with t ...
Cellular Respiration - Esperanza High School
... • The H+ then move via diffusion (Proton Motive Force) through ATP Synthase to make ATP. • All NADH and FADH2 converted to ATP during this stage of cellular respiration. • Each NADH converts to 3 ATP. • Each FADH2 converts to 2 ATP (enters the ETC at a lower level than NADH). ...
... • The H+ then move via diffusion (Proton Motive Force) through ATP Synthase to make ATP. • All NADH and FADH2 converted to ATP during this stage of cellular respiration. • Each NADH converts to 3 ATP. • Each FADH2 converts to 2 ATP (enters the ETC at a lower level than NADH). ...
Cell Energy - Brookwood High School
... • plants gather the sun’s energy with lightabsorbing molecules called pigments • the plants principal pigment is chlorophyll – there are 2 main types of chlorophyll • chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b ...
... • plants gather the sun’s energy with lightabsorbing molecules called pigments • the plants principal pigment is chlorophyll – there are 2 main types of chlorophyll • chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b ...
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... available, pyruvate cannot be converted to the acetyl CoA that is required for the Krebs cycle. 6. Many organisms can withstand periods of oxygen debt (anaerobic conditions). Yeast undergoing oxygen debt converts pyruvic acid to ethanol and carbon dioxide. Animals undergoing oxygen debt convert pyru ...
... available, pyruvate cannot be converted to the acetyl CoA that is required for the Krebs cycle. 6. Many organisms can withstand periods of oxygen debt (anaerobic conditions). Yeast undergoing oxygen debt converts pyruvic acid to ethanol and carbon dioxide. Animals undergoing oxygen debt convert pyru ...
Metabolism: Introduction
... In phototrophs, light energy is transformed into the light energy of ATP In heterotrophs, catabolism produces ATP, which drives activities of cells ATP cycle carries energy from photosynthesis or catabolism to the energy-requiring processes of cells ...
... In phototrophs, light energy is transformed into the light energy of ATP In heterotrophs, catabolism produces ATP, which drives activities of cells ATP cycle carries energy from photosynthesis or catabolism to the energy-requiring processes of cells ...
Imaging T-tubules: dynamic membrane
... This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original authorship is properly and fully attribu ...
... This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original authorship is properly and fully attribu ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Other organic molecules used for fuel. 1. Carbohydrates: polysaccharides 2. Fats: glycerol and fatty acids ...
... • Other organic molecules used for fuel. 1. Carbohydrates: polysaccharides 2. Fats: glycerol and fatty acids ...
Stockholm University
... Quite a few methods for predicting accessibility of soluble proteins have been developed in the past [12]. Due to the low number of determined membrane protein structures most methods have been developed primarily for water-soluble proteins. However, there exist a few methods that have been develope ...
... Quite a few methods for predicting accessibility of soluble proteins have been developed in the past [12]. Due to the low number of determined membrane protein structures most methods have been developed primarily for water-soluble proteins. However, there exist a few methods that have been develope ...
bio chapter 9
... • Before citric acid cycle and electron transport chain can begin, pyruvic acid undergoes a series of reactions in which it gives off a molecule of CO2 and combines with a molecule called coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA. ...
... • Before citric acid cycle and electron transport chain can begin, pyruvic acid undergoes a series of reactions in which it gives off a molecule of CO2 and combines with a molecule called coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA. ...
Adrenergic Transmission
... varicosity, which allows the entry of Ca2+ through voltagedependent Ca2+ channels. Elevated [Ca2+]in promotes fusion of the vesicular membrane with the cell membrane, and exocytosis of the transmitters occurs. This fusion process involves the interaction of specialized proteins associated with the v ...
... varicosity, which allows the entry of Ca2+ through voltagedependent Ca2+ channels. Elevated [Ca2+]in promotes fusion of the vesicular membrane with the cell membrane, and exocytosis of the transmitters occurs. This fusion process involves the interaction of specialized proteins associated with the v ...
Thylakoid
A thylakoid is a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. They are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Thylakoids consist of a thylakoid membrane surrounding a thylakoid lumen. Chloroplast thylakoids frequently form stacks of disks referred to as grana (singular: granum). Grana are connected by intergranal or stroma thylakoids, which join granum stacks together as a single functional compartment.