Neuroscience Flash Cards, Second Edition
... to the corresponding figure number in the Atlas can be found on the front of each card. Relevant structures are labeled on the front of each flash card illustration with A, B, C, and so forth. On the back of the flash card is a list of all labeled structures. In some instances, such as the illustrat ...
... to the corresponding figure number in the Atlas can be found on the front of each card. Relevant structures are labeled on the front of each flash card illustration with A, B, C, and so forth. On the back of the flash card is a list of all labeled structures. In some instances, such as the illustrat ...
Solving the Distal Reward Problem through
... the right synapses at the right time, if DA is released globally to many synapses? In this paper, we show how the credit assignment problem can be solved in a simulated network of cortical spiking neurons with DA-modulated plasticity. An important aspect of DA modulation of synaptic plasticity is it ...
... the right synapses at the right time, if DA is released globally to many synapses? In this paper, we show how the credit assignment problem can be solved in a simulated network of cortical spiking neurons with DA-modulated plasticity. An important aspect of DA modulation of synaptic plasticity is it ...
CH 8 Nervous System - Belle Vernon Area School District
... 12. Below are given the steps of the patellar reflex arc. What is the correct order of events from the time the hammer taps the patellar ligament to the knee jerk response? 1) The leg extends at the knee. 2) Sensory neurons conduct the action potentials to the spinal cord. 3) Motor neurons are stimu ...
... 12. Below are given the steps of the patellar reflex arc. What is the correct order of events from the time the hammer taps the patellar ligament to the knee jerk response? 1) The leg extends at the knee. 2) Sensory neurons conduct the action potentials to the spinal cord. 3) Motor neurons are stimu ...
Cognitive neuroscience lecture
... • Action potential occurs when the membrane potential rapidly shifts from -70 to +40 mV – Ion channels open in the membrane, allowing sodium ions to enter the axon – Sodium entry shifts the membrane potential toward a ...
... • Action potential occurs when the membrane potential rapidly shifts from -70 to +40 mV – Ion channels open in the membrane, allowing sodium ions to enter the axon – Sodium entry shifts the membrane potential toward a ...
Unit 2 Multiple Choice test Name
... 1. Resting potential is to action potential as ________ is to ________. A) adrenal gland; pituitary gland B) sensory neuron; motor neuron C) temporal lobe; occipital lobe D) polarization; depolarization E) dendrite; axon 2. With regard to the process of neural transmission, a refractory period refer ...
... 1. Resting potential is to action potential as ________ is to ________. A) adrenal gland; pituitary gland B) sensory neuron; motor neuron C) temporal lobe; occipital lobe D) polarization; depolarization E) dendrite; axon 2. With regard to the process of neural transmission, a refractory period refer ...
Variance and invariance of neuronal long
... Downloaded from http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/ on May 6, 2017 ...
... Downloaded from http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/ on May 6, 2017 ...
Resonate-and-fire neurons
... We suggest a simple spiking modelÐresonate-and-®re neuron, which is similar to the integrate-and-®re neuron except that the state variable is complex. The model provides geometric illustrations to many interesting phenomena occurring in biological neurons having subthreshold damped oscillations of m ...
... We suggest a simple spiking modelÐresonate-and-®re neuron, which is similar to the integrate-and-®re neuron except that the state variable is complex. The model provides geometric illustrations to many interesting phenomena occurring in biological neurons having subthreshold damped oscillations of m ...
Unit 3
... The Structure of a Neuron • Dendrites are the fibers that project out of the cell body, receiving information from other neurons (communicator) • The cell body (soma) contains the nucleus of the cell and other biological machinery to keep the cell alive (home base) • The axon transmits messages thr ...
... The Structure of a Neuron • Dendrites are the fibers that project out of the cell body, receiving information from other neurons (communicator) • The cell body (soma) contains the nucleus of the cell and other biological machinery to keep the cell alive (home base) • The axon transmits messages thr ...
Untitled
... changes in voltage-gated channels in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons following the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). We have found that there are activity-dependent, and bi-directional, changes in the intrinsic excitability of these neurons with LTP and LTD. ...
... changes in voltage-gated channels in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons following the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). We have found that there are activity-dependent, and bi-directional, changes in the intrinsic excitability of these neurons with LTP and LTD. ...
Chapter 14-Nervous Tissue
... Types of neurons • Multipolar have many dendrites and one axon • most common in human body • motor neurons that innervate muscles and glands Dendrites Dendrites ...
... Types of neurons • Multipolar have many dendrites and one axon • most common in human body • motor neurons that innervate muscles and glands Dendrites Dendrites ...
hydroxytryptamine-containing neurons in the snail Effect of
... ganglia of untreated controls, but if the treatment with nerve growth factor was stopped the enzyme activities of both the operated and control ganglia returned within 6 weeks to the same values as in animals who had received no treatment with nerve growth factor. Thus nerve growth factor was unable ...
... ganglia of untreated controls, but if the treatment with nerve growth factor was stopped the enzyme activities of both the operated and control ganglia returned within 6 weeks to the same values as in animals who had received no treatment with nerve growth factor. Thus nerve growth factor was unable ...
Text S1.
... could have differentiated into an axon. The discrepancy between random choice at 1-2 DIV and axonal preference along L1 at 3 DIV corresponds to failures of polarization along curved lines. It is thus possible to calculate a success probability for a neurite to become an axon when growing over a curv ...
... could have differentiated into an axon. The discrepancy between random choice at 1-2 DIV and axonal preference along L1 at 3 DIV corresponds to failures of polarization along curved lines. It is thus possible to calculate a success probability for a neurite to become an axon when growing over a curv ...
What is the cause of the changes in membrane potential during an
... time C. The potential would be flipped in polarity D. The potential would be conducted more rapidly down the nerve ...
... time C. The potential would be flipped in polarity D. The potential would be conducted more rapidly down the nerve ...
Ch 3 Vision - Texas A&M University
... The distribution of cones and rods on the retina • Cones are concentrated mainly on the fovea. • There are no rods on the fovea. • We move eyes to capture images on the fovea. ch 3 ...
... The distribution of cones and rods on the retina • Cones are concentrated mainly on the fovea. • There are no rods on the fovea. • We move eyes to capture images on the fovea. ch 3 ...
Cellular and network mechanisms of electrographic
... the persistent sodium current (INa(p)) [30]. Thus, the overall effect of an increase in [K+]o is an upregulation of neuronal excitability. Indeed, periodic bursting was found in vitro after increasing [K+]o [31–33]. Thus, changes in [K+]o may play a crucial role in seizure dynamics. The complexity o ...
... the persistent sodium current (INa(p)) [30]. Thus, the overall effect of an increase in [K+]o is an upregulation of neuronal excitability. Indeed, periodic bursting was found in vitro after increasing [K+]o [31–33]. Thus, changes in [K+]o may play a crucial role in seizure dynamics. The complexity o ...
file
... (frequency–intensity tuning curves)8 (see also refs 9, 10 from others). The NB neurons, located in the basal forebrain, send cholinergic and GABAergic projections to the entire cortical mantle11 (Fig. 1a). Pairing NB stimulation with sound stimulation failed to produce significant cortical reorganiz ...
... (frequency–intensity tuning curves)8 (see also refs 9, 10 from others). The NB neurons, located in the basal forebrain, send cholinergic and GABAergic projections to the entire cortical mantle11 (Fig. 1a). Pairing NB stimulation with sound stimulation failed to produce significant cortical reorganiz ...
Auto-structure of presynaptic activity defines postsynaptic firing
... A prior step in demonstrating that deviations from Poissonian firing can modulate the structure formation in recurrent networks based on neuronal plasticity like STDP, is to show first that different variations of non-Poissonian presynaptic activity impact the postsynaptic spiking activity of a neur ...
... A prior step in demonstrating that deviations from Poissonian firing can modulate the structure formation in recurrent networks based on neuronal plasticity like STDP, is to show first that different variations of non-Poissonian presynaptic activity impact the postsynaptic spiking activity of a neur ...
Bidirectional propagation of Action potentials
... and muscles. A reduction of the potential leeds, dependent on a varying threshold, to an action potential due to changes in membrane permeability, such that the membrane is more permeable for Na+ than K+ [9]. This action potential travels through the axon, which connects the soma with the axon’s ter ...
... and muscles. A reduction of the potential leeds, dependent on a varying threshold, to an action potential due to changes in membrane permeability, such that the membrane is more permeable for Na+ than K+ [9]. This action potential travels through the axon, which connects the soma with the axon’s ter ...
Chapter 28 - Montville.net
... 28.5 The action potential propagates itself along the neuron The strength of the stimulus changes – The frequency of action potentials – But not the strength of action potentials ...
... 28.5 The action potential propagates itself along the neuron The strength of the stimulus changes – The frequency of action potentials – But not the strength of action potentials ...
nerve
... • The water-soluble ions carrying the current across the membrane cannot permeate this coat, it act as an insulator, just like the white coating of the electric wires and prevents the leakage of ions from the neuron through its membrane. ...
... • The water-soluble ions carrying the current across the membrane cannot permeate this coat, it act as an insulator, just like the white coating of the electric wires and prevents the leakage of ions from the neuron through its membrane. ...
Mood & Nuerotransmitters - Center for Optimal Health
... imbalances because the uptake of amino acids by the body is not selective. Foods contain an array of amino acids and no food contains just the precursors needed to specifically affect only serotonin and/or dopamine. When you eat food, your body takes up many different amino acids at random, maki ...
... imbalances because the uptake of amino acids by the body is not selective. Foods contain an array of amino acids and no food contains just the precursors needed to specifically affect only serotonin and/or dopamine. When you eat food, your body takes up many different amino acids at random, maki ...
Nerve
... Types of neurons • Multipolar have many dendrites and one axon • most common in human body • motor neurons that innervate muscles and glands Dendrites Dendrites ...
... Types of neurons • Multipolar have many dendrites and one axon • most common in human body • motor neurons that innervate muscles and glands Dendrites Dendrites ...
Melting the Iceberg
... visual responses is not constant but rather decreases with increasing contrast (Figure 1D). This effect becomes stronger at each stage of the visual system from retina to extrastriate cortex and is quite developed in area V1 (see Carandini [2004b] for a review). A consequence of contrast-gain contro ...
... visual responses is not constant but rather decreases with increasing contrast (Figure 1D). This effect becomes stronger at each stage of the visual system from retina to extrastriate cortex and is quite developed in area V1 (see Carandini [2004b] for a review). A consequence of contrast-gain contro ...
The Action Potential, Synaptic Transmission, and Maintenance of
... Ions can flow across the nerve cell membrane through three types of ion channels: nongated (leakage), ligand-gated, and voltage-gated (Fig. 3.3). Nongated ion channels are always open. They are responsible for the influx of Na⫹ and efflux of K⫹ when the neuron is in its resting state. Ligandgated io ...
... Ions can flow across the nerve cell membrane through three types of ion channels: nongated (leakage), ligand-gated, and voltage-gated (Fig. 3.3). Nongated ion channels are always open. They are responsible for the influx of Na⫹ and efflux of K⫹ when the neuron is in its resting state. Ligandgated io ...
Nonsynaptic plasticity
Nonsynaptic plasticity is a form of neuroplasticity that involves modification of ion channel function in the axon, dendrites, and cell body that results in specific changes in the integration of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). Nonsynaptic plasticity is a modification of the intrinsic excitability of the neuron. It interacts with synaptic plasticity, but it is considered a separate entity from synaptic plasticity. Intrinsic modification of the electrical properties of neurons plays a role in many aspects of plasticity from homeostatic plasticity to learning and memory itself. Nonsynaptic plasticity affects synaptic integration, subthreshold propagation, spike generation, and other fundamental mechanisms of neurons at the cellular level. These individual neuronal alterations can result in changes in higher brain function, especially learning and memory. However, as an emerging field in neuroscience, much of the knowledge about nonsynaptic plasticity is uncertain and still requires further investigation to better define its role in brain function and behavior.